Empress Xiaozhuangwen, the most famous female politician of the Qing Dynasty
Empress Xiaozhuangwen, surnamed Borjigit Bumubutai. He was born in the 41st year of the Ming Dynasty (28 March 1613) and on the 8th day of the first month of February. She was the daughter of Horqin Beizhaisang in the Horqin steppe of southern Mongolia; in the tenth year of the Later Jin Dynasty (1625), the thirteen-year-old Bumubutai married The Emperor Taiji, who was twenty-one years older than herself. Bumubutai was four years younger than her sister Hailanzhu, but she was married nine years earlier than her sister Hailanzhu.
When Bumubutai was married, her aunt Empress Xiaoduanwen Borjigit Zhezhe had been married to Emperor Taiji for eleven years. Emperor Taiji and Tiancong became empresses in the tenth year (1636), established the Five Palaces and in July were crowned princesses of Yongfu Palace; she ranked fifth among the five palaces.
After marrying Huang Taiji, Bumubutai was very favored by Huang Taiji, and Bumubutai also bore Huang Taiji three daughters and a son. In the third year of Tiancong (1629), he gave birth to the fourth daughter of the Emperor Gulun Yongmu, in the sixth year of Tiancong (1632) he gave birth to the fifth daughter of the Emperor Gulun Shuhui, and in the seventh year of Tiancong (1633), he gave birth to the seventh daughter of the Emperor Gulun Duanxian. After giving birth to three daughters, on the thirtieth day of the first month of the third year of Chongde (1638), Bumubutai gave birth to the ninth son of Emperor Taiji, Fulin (later Shunzhi Emperor); it was because after giving birth to this son, Bumubutai also changed her future fate and made her famous. Bumubutai was very clever and scheming, and after the death of Emperor Taiji, she used her wisdom to fight fiercely with the imperial family; she could make her son unexpectedly ascend to the emperor's throne, and she was also honored as empress dowager along with her mother Andrei and her aunt Zhezhe.
After Fu Lin ascended the throne, the era name was changed to "Shunzhi", and in the first year of Shunzhi in 1644, Dolgun and others led the Eight Banners to defeat the peasant army with Li Zicheng. Entering Beijing, he became the new owner of the Forbidden City.
After entering the customs, because the Shunzhi Emperor was too young to ascend the throne at the age of six, he was assisted by the Prince of Rui, Dolgun, and the Prince of Zheng, Zilharang, and later became the regent of Dolgun. During the time of Dorgon's regency, the Shunzhi Emperor had been a puppet emperor, and Dorgon's authority was also dissatisfied with the Shunzhi Emperor, and the Shunzhi Emperor's imperial power was also very seriously threatened. Empress Xiaozhuang and the Shunzhi Emperor were orphans and widows, and it was difficult for Empress Xiaozhuang to fight against the regent Dorgon, and Empress Xiaozhuang could only work hard to protect her son's imperial power with hidden struggle strategies in order to keep her son's throne and the Qing Dynasty. In December of the seventh year of Shunzhi (1650), after the death of Dorgon, Empress Xiaozhuang seized the favorable opportunity to let the thirteen-year-old Shunzhi Emperor formally take back the imperial power.
According to Zhang Huangyan's "Jianyi Palace Words", the story of the empress dowager's marriage is that Shangshou Is the Honorific Of Hezun and the Rotten Gate in the Cining Palace. ChunGuan entered the new ceremony yesterday, and the grand gift was honored to the empress dowager's marriage. According to the Records of the Eastern Hualu, Dorgon was revered as the "Emperor's Father" in the fifth year of Shunzhi, so it is believed that Empress Xiaozhuang married Dorgon. In fact, Zhang Huangyan was a minister at the end of the Ming Dynasty, and after the fall of the Ming Dynasty, there were still many ming ministers of the Ming Dynasty who resisted the Qing Dynasty; he also had a strong opposition to the Qing court. And this poem written by Zhang Huangyan also has a struggle to denigrate the Qing court, and this poem was also written during the anti-Qing dynasty in Jiangnan, and it was also the time when the Southern Ming and the Qing Dynasty were opposed. For Empress Xiaozhuang not to marry, until now there is no strong historical evidence to prove that Empress Xiaozhuang married.
After the death of Emperor Taiji, Empress Xiaozhuang used her energy and wisdom to cultivate Fu Lin and Xuan Ye father and son. With her rich experience and superior wisdom, Empress Xiaozhuang has always understood the situation in the country. Empress Xiaozhuang made political observations and had rich experience behind her back, so Shunzhi and Kangxi fathers and sons were able to calmly deal with things in employing people, and Empress Xiaozhuang also grasped the essence of the emperor's way of employing people and governing the country and the country.
Empress Xiaozhuang was also very concerned about the suffering of the people, she taught her sons and grandsons to handle state affairs, and she also took out the silver saved in the palace to help the victims. When pacifying San Francisco, she took out the silver and cloth and satin saved in the palace and gave them to the soldiers who went out on the expedition. At the same time, it also solved the difficulties of many soldiers and victims, won the hearts and minds of the people, stimulated the ability to fight, and established prestige. Empress Xiaozhuang was a frugal empress, and when her country was relatively strong, she did not hold birthday celebrations for herself or build luxurious mausoleums for herself.
Empress Xiaozhuang suffered from skin diseases and often recurred. No matter how busy the Kangxi Emperor was, he always put his grandmother's illness first, and often accompanied her to the hot spring to bathe and treat. In the seventeenth year of Kangxi (1678), Kangxi accompanied his grandmother to Zunhua Tangquan for treatment, this time for seventy days, the Kangxi Emperor also accompanied his grandmother to travel and go to the ancestral tombs many times, and the Kangxi Emperor did his filial piety.
In November of the 26th year of the Kangxi Dynasty, Empress Xiaozhuang suddenly fell ill. However, this time the illness was very serious, and the Kangxi Emperor stood guard day and night in front of the bed in the Cining Palace. Filial piety for the grandmother, undressed, day and night. Each time the Kangxi Emperor tried the medicine first, and then let the grandmother take the medicine. In order to serve her grandmother, the Kangxi Emperor, who issued a decree: "Don't hear about non-urgent matters", the imperial doctors also exhausted various methods to heal, and Empress Xiaozhuang's illness still did not improve. On the first day of December, the Kangxi Emperor led the princes and ministers to walk from the imperial palace to the Temple of Heaven to worship, asking heaven to bless his grandmother for a speedy recovery. In order to pray for his grandmother's soon recovery, the Kangxi Emperor asked the heavens to increase her life expectancy by reducing her lifespan. After reading the sacrifice text, the Kangxi Emperor fell to his knees and wept bitterly, and all the princes and ministers who were touched were in tears. On December 25, 1688 (January 27, 1688), Empress Xiaozhuang, the most prominent female stateswoman of the Qing Dynasty, completed a colorful and legendary life at the age of seventy-five. Empress Xiaozhuang cultivated two generations of heroes in her lifetime, and at the same time she also made important contributions to the stable development of society in the Qing Dynasty!
