"Convergence Digest" is a daily classic, not seen or scattered.
Napoleon once had a very classic analogy, he said that China is the sleeping lion, and said that if he woke up, he could dominate the establishment of the entire world order, and then the humorous French emperor added a sentence at the end of the sentence " Fortunately, he is still asleep" at the end.
Many of us have actually heard this phrase, and in times of national crisis, we often use this phrase to encourage ourselves, sleeping is sleeping, we are at least a lion. In the past hundred years since our modernization, there have been countless benevolent men who have made endless efforts to awaken this lion.
The protagonist We want to talk about today, Ma Xiangbo, is an outstanding representative of it. Speaking of this name, you may not know much, but when it comes to Fudan University, which he founded, it is a top university until now. However, when he died, he also issued an exclamation like Li Hongzhang as a "framer".
He said, "I'm a dog that barked for a hundred years and hasn't been able to wake up China," and we'll tell his story.
Before the flower nails
Mr. Ma Xiangbo was not born into a family of great wealth and nobility, and if there is anything special about his birth, it is just that he was born in 1840, the beginning of the Opium War and the humiliation of modern history in China. Like many prodigies, he was very intelligent.
We in China have always had many smart people. Ma Xiangbo, like many prodigies at that time, should have buried his head in books and sought an official position of Guangzong Yaozu, but he was not here.
At the age of five, he entered a private school, and later felt that Mr. Private School had nothing to teach him, so he went from his hometown of Zhenjiang, Jiangsu to Shanghai to seek deeper learning. This incident is actually very common, but Ma Xiangbo is special, he was only 11 years old at the time, or walked over. A hundred and ten kilometers of road, an 11-year-old child, in order to study, he walked hard.
Ma Xiangbo was still very young at the time, and as a child born into a Catholic family, he had already been baptized when he was still infant. Because of this origin, Ma Lao later joined the Catholic Church and became a Catholic, but when Ma Lao was young, he was once imprisoned by the Catholic Church for raising silver and two relief for disaster victims, so he retired from the Catholic Church, but still believed in Catholicism.
After witnessing the strong ships and cannons of the foreigners in the Second Opium War, Ma Xiangbo deeply felt that the technology of our motherland was so backward, so he actively responded to the foreign affairs movement at that time and began to engage in diplomatic activities, and his younger brother Ma Jianzhong also became a famous diplomat under his influence.
He has been to Japan, the United States, France and Italy, including the Meiji Restoration in Japan, and the flower of Western technology has opened his eyes. He was no longer satisfied with learning foreigners on utensils, and only by advocating the spirit of science and setting up his own industry could the country be rich and the people strong, but under the system at that time, these were mud cattle into the sea.
Unaccustomed to these fly camp dogs in the imperial court, he resigned his official post in the twenty-fifth year of Guangxu and returned to Shanghai, focusing on the study of Western science. While lamenting the development of science and technology in the West, he also knows that he is old, and he feels that "the way of self-improvement is to cultivate talents; the way to save talents, especially the establishment of schools first", began the transformation of education to save the country.
Founded twice
In the 26th year of Guangxu, the beginning of a new century, he made a decision of his own, donating the three thousand mu of land property now in Songjiang, Qingpu and other places in Shanghai to the Catholic Church as a fund for the establishment of his ideal "Chinese and Western University Hall", and set up a "document for donating family property to revitalize education", stipulating that if there is any surplus, it will be used as a bursary for poor students later.
In 1902, just as the Nanyang Public School ink bottle incident occurred, after many negotiations failed, the students left the school, and even Mr. Cai Yuanpei, a generation of education masters, left his post. And it just so happens that Ma Xiangbo had the idea of running a university very early on, and he was worried about the source of students. So when Cai Yuanpei introduced some of the students to Ma Xiangbo, the two coincided. Although the Catholic Church did not take money at this time, at the urging of Ma Xiangbo many times, it still opened a university, that is, Aurora University.
Ma Xiangbo served as dean and formulated a series of pioneering policies. The school to "widely extend Confucianism, cultivate translation talents" for the purpose, at the beginning, because of the limited conditions, the major is simply divided into literature, quality science, quality is now said to be science. Soon after, at the request of Ma Xiangbo, the school was divided into four disciplines: Literature, Zhizhi (Philosophy), Xiangshu (Mathematics), and Morphology (Science).
When Liang Qichao learned of this, he was very happy, "Now that I have seen a complete and orderly private school in my motherland, I want to be ecstatic. ”
At the same time, there were a large number of very enlightened policies such as student autonomy, respect for professors, and permission to associate, which were warmly welcomed by students. It is worth mentioning that Ma Xiangbo also took in a "key criminal" because of his ridicule of the young man who was arrested by shi zheng, and this young man's name was Yu Youren.
Perhaps these ideas were too radical, the Catholic Church slowly feared the Qing government's crackdown and punishment on Aurora College, so it decided to turn it into a church school, requiring students to pray daily, abolishing Confucius's birthday holiday, and changing many rules and regulations formulated by Ma Xiangbo.
Ma Xiangbo, who is already 65 years old, saw that the school he founded by his own hands was going to become a so-called theological school, and he also decided to quit in a huff. At the same time, with the help of his friend Zhang Xiao and the governor at that time, fudan public school was once again founded, which is the prototype of the current Fudan University.
Later, Ma Lao served as the president of Peking University, and also participated in the founding of Fu Jen University, and even when he was the first mayor of Nanjing, because Ma Lao had already donated all his family property to the school he founded, even his granddaughter's schooling had become a problem, and the students under the door were very moved to see it, and raised a total of 10,000 yuan to Ma Lao's granddaughter, and Ma Lao accepted it and then went to fund the girls' school.
Nearly a hundred years old, wandering in a foreign land
A man born in the first half of the nineteenth century, by the time of the September 18 Incident, the old man Ma Xiangbo was 91 years old, and under the enthusiasm of the national war of resistance, he felt that he had to do something. But he has already scattered all his family wealth, so where does the money come from?
He thought of selling words. In the last ten years of his life, he constantly wrote letters for others and wrote spring leagues, and he wrote one by one, writing a total of 100,000 yuan, all of which were donated to the cause of our country's War of Resistance. Later, the situation took a sharp turn for the worse, the northeast fell, Pingjin fell, the Songhu Campaign failed, and even the Nanjing Massacre, half of the country's walls have fallen into the hands of the enemy, and the history of our nation of more than 5,000 years is facing the danger of national annihilation.
When Ma Lao, who was nearly a hundred years old, saw that he still did not see a glimmer of hope in his life's efforts, he could only travel to many places like a lost dog, and finally ran out of the border and ran to Vietnam. At first, Ma Lao did not know that he had arrived in Vietnam, but later when he learned that he had run abroad, he burst into tears, saying: "I am ashamed of my virtue and no merit, and every time I live a lot of life, I am humiliated!" ”
He felt that he was like Li Hongzhang, whether it was foreign affairs or education, but in the end he still failed to save the fate of China. He finally couldn't walk. On November 4, 1939, Ma Sang-po died of illness in Vietnam at the age of 100, only six years after the victory of the War of Resistance.
epilogue:
There are some follow-ups to this matter.
In 1952, Shanghai Mayor Chen Yi sent someone to accompany Ma Xiangbo's relatives to bring back the Coffin of Vietnam and bury it in Shanghai, the site of his university. And in that special decade, Ma Lao's tomb disappeared.
At the age of 90, still concerned about the motherland and selling words to help the country, the tomb of Ma Xiangbo, whose disciples included Yu Youren, Shao Lizi, Huang Yanpei, Li Shutong, Chen Yinke, and other masters, had just disappeared, so that few people now knew him.
In "Dream Quest": Some people think that death is the death of the flesh, but in fact, the real death is forgetting.
Before his death, Ma Xiangbo once said: "I am just a dog, I can only bark, bark for a hundred years, and I have not woken up China." ”
He lived a hundred years, witnessed a hundred years of humiliation, and then died on the eve of the light. He said that he had not woken up for a hundred years, in fact, he did not have to be so pessimistic, although at that time many people were still asleep, and they could not see the slightest hope, but in this darkness, there were always footsteps that kept ringing, going forward and following, and in this footstep, there was the hope of China.
He deserved a victory in the war, but I didn't see it, and I regret it. The only thing that was relieved was that a few days before Ma Xiangbo's death, Xiangbei had achieved great success, and when he learned about it, he was very excited.
Success does not have to be in me, success must have me, I have always felt that this kind of high wind and bright festival is so regrettable.
His heart was so hot, but his memory remained forever in that era when it was so dark that he could not see a single light.
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