The Paper's reporter Li Mei
Sijing, a thousand-year-old town located in Songjiang, Shanghai, is the land of Tongbojing, Waibojing, Dongjing and Zhangjing, which has nourished a group of patriots and educators, and Ma Xiangbo, the founder of Fudan University, is one of them.
The Paper has learned that on the occasion of the centenary of the founding of the Party, the first batch of revolutionary cultural relics in Shanghai, the former residence of Ma Xiangbo and the former residence of Shi Liangcai, have been repaired and exhibited, and at the same time, they will be open to the public free of charge from June 26. After the upgraded function, ma Xiangbo's former residence "restored" Ma Xiangbo's life with unique Jiangnan elements and diverse exhibition forms, showing Ma Xiangbo's patriotic heart, aspiration to strengthen the country and his trip to serve the country in many ways. The former residence of Shi Liangcai, a generation of newspaper giants during the Republic of China period, was also opened to the public on the same day.
For the protection and restoration of Sijing Ancient Town, Zhang Ye, a member of the Party Committee of Sijing Town, Songjiang District, previously said in an interview with the surging news that there are many historical celebrities related to Sijing, there are many former residences, and the repair of celebrities' former residences in Sijing has been carried out for more than a decade. Since June 2011, the sijing town people's government has spent nearly one million yuan to repair the former residence of Ma Xiangbo in accordance with the scientific repair principle of "repairing the old as the old, in order to seek its truth". In 2020, the former residence of Ma Xiangbo started the renovation project again, and at the same time carried out the work of in-depth exhibition.
The former residence of Ma Xiangbo in Sijing Ancient Town
Ma Xiangbo's former residence exhibition site
The former residence that has been repaired several times, a variety of exhibitions "restore" Ma Xiangbo's life
Walking Ma Xiangbo's former residence, a strong sense of Jiangnan ancient house, and in the exhibition design, Ma Xiangbo's former residence uses time as a clue to show Ma Xiangbo's patriotic heart, the aspiration to strengthen the country, and the trip to serve the country through four chapters of juvenile study, education to save the country, anti-Japanese national salvation, and writing achievements.
According to Qiu Jun, the person in charge of the renovation project of Ma Xiangbo's former residence of Shanghai Architectural Decoration Group, in order to ensure that the repair is as old as the old, except for some wood that cannot be used again, the renovation of the old house uses the raw materials of the year as much as possible. "Since the existing old tiles and old bricks are not enough, we also went to Suzhou to purchase the old tiles and old bricks left over after the demolition of the old houses." Zou Yalin, head of the tile work team of the renovation project of Ma Xiangbo's former residence, said. In addition to tiles and bricks, wood is also facing insufficient, and the project side also made a special trip to Anhui, Jiangsu and other places to purchase old fir wood.
The old shadow of sijing in the thousand-year-old town
In addition to selecting materials that are basically old tiles, old bricks, and old wood, a large number of traditional crafts are used in the construction of the renovation project of Ma Xiangbo's former residence. "The paint on the surface of many wooden structures in Ma Xiangbo's former residence has been peeled off, so we first use a polishing machine to grind off the surface, then polish it by hand, and finally carry out a retro repair and paint to keep it in its original wood grain." Yang Zhenxue, head of the paint team of the renovation project of Ma Xiangbo's former residence, was introduced earlier.
In the repair part of the wooden structure, the mortise and mortise structure was adopted. "With the tenon structure, the whole repair project does not need a single nail." Yu Tiandong, head of the carpentry team of the ma xiangbo former residence repair project, said. Tenon is the main structural method of ancient Chinese architecture, generally the convex part is called mortise (or mortise head), the recessed part is called 卯 (or called mortise eye, mortise groove), if the mortise is used properly, the two pieces of wood structure can be tightly fastened, which can be called "seamless".
On June 26, 2021, the former residence of Ma Xiangbo, who completed the repair and exhibition work, was officially opened to the public, and the former residence of Ma Xiangbo after the upgraded function was based on the architectural layout, with the five entrances as the main display space and the four courtyards as the supplementary display, and "restored" Ma Xiangbo's life with unique Jiangnan elements and diverse exhibition forms.
Ma Xiangbo (1840-1939), also known as Jianchang, the character Xiangbo. During the Republic of China period, he was a famous patriot and educator who founded Aurora College and Fudan Public School.
In 1939, when Ma Xiangbo was 100 years old.
Ma Xiangbo's life course of a hundred years has experienced the era of China's nearly one hundred years of imperialist oppression, witnessed the corruption, incompetence, greed and charm of the various regimes of the feudal emperors and reactionary warlords and kuomintang reactionaries, and put the Chinese the people in the depths of the waters, and even more witnessed the difficult and tortuous century-old history of Modern China, and his life seems destined to breathe and share a common destiny with that era of restlessness and change. Therefore, this made him breed a strong patriotism from an early age. He traveled across the ocean to inspect Europe, the United States, Japan, and other countries, engaged in foreign affairs, conducted diplomacy, put forward many suggestions to the Qing court on "rich countries and strong people," and even went to Korea to help reform and political affairs, but the results all ended in failure. This made his enthusiasm for saving the country cold for a while, so he retired to Xitushan Bay in Shanghai in 1901.
Aurora Academy school plaque
Aurora College Admissions System
However, Ma Xiangbo, who has a strong sense of national feelings and national consciousness, did not ignore his motherland, which was plagued by many disasters, but instead struggled from the road of "inspiring the people to know education to save the country", and successively founded Aurora College and Fudan University, assisted in the establishment of Fu Jen University, and served as the acting president of Peking University, making a decisive contribution to Chinese education.
On September 14, 1905, the Times and the China-Foreign Daily published the announcement of the opening of Fudan Public School.
In 1908, Fudan Public School Examination and other first roster.
In 1909, Fudan Public School Graduation Certificate.
After the "September 18" incident, Ma Xiangbo, who was already 92 years old, not only initiated the organization of anti-Japanese rescue groups and sold words to support the front line, but also issued 12 consecutive national disaster radio speeches within four months, calling on the people of the whole country to unite against Japan. In 1932, on the first anniversary of the "9.18" incident, Ma Xiangbo wrote in his handwriting "Return My Rivers and Mountains". "Mr. Ma Xiangbo's Speech on National Disaster" contains Ma Xiangbo's impassioned remarks on national disaster. "Weeping to the Youth", "Letter to the People of the Nation for the Disaster of the Day", "Talk on Saving the Country" are Ma Xiangbo's face to the country's broken mountains and rivers of China, sad and indignant bluntly said: The mountains and rivers are lost, and there are no tears to be squashed... Zhen Arm shouted: In the future, the people, each with determination... Redeem yourself and save yourself, pool your wisdom and efforts, and go to the country together!
Zhang Taiyan inscribed the title of the book "A Collection of Remarks on the National Disaster of Mr. Ma Xiangbo"
Ma Xiangbo,"Letter of Tribute to the People of Japan"
After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Ma Xiangbo vigorously advocated the War of Resistance to the end. In August 1937, the Songhu War of Resistance was defeated, and in October, at the invitation of Feng Yuxiang and Li Zongren, Ma Xiangbo's family took refuge in Guilin from Nanjing. After living for a year, Guangzhou fell, and Guilin was in danger, when Yu Youren, then the head of the Supervision Department of the Nationalist Government, asked his teacher to move to Kunming or Chongqing. At that time, transportation in the southwest region was very difficult, and Ma Xiangbo and his party had to leave Vietnam to travel to their destination. When they arrived in Lang Son, Vietnam, Ma Xiangbo was extremely weak and had to stay there due to illness, until his death, Ma Xiangbo did not know that he was living in a foreign country.
In 1939, Ma Sang-po continued to write in Lang Son, Vietnam, in order to boost the morale of the anti-Japanese soldiers on the front line.
Ma Xiangbo continued to write in Lang Son, Vietnam, in order to boost the morale of the anti-Japanese soldiers on the front line. On the occasion of Ma Xiangbo's 100th birthday, Chongqing and other places in the anti-Japanese rear held a grand celebration for his 100th birthday, and the Nationalist government at that time praised him as a "patriotic old man". The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China specially sent a congratulatory message, commenting that Mr. Li was "the light of the country, the rui of mankind". Ma Xiangbo donated all the gifts received on this birthday to the wounded soldiers and refugees in the War of Resistance.
News reports on Ma Xiangbo's death
On November 4, 1939, Ma Xiangbo died in Lang Son, Vietnam, and before dying, he murmured the news of the War of Resistance. At that time, it was only six years away from victory in the War of Resistance. The second exhibition space is dominated by black and white tones, with a Su-style art exhibition wall, making you feel as if you are in the jiangnan water town of the late Qing Dynasty. At the same time, the second exhibition hall used time as a clue to show Ma Xiangbo's patriotic heart, the aspiration to strengthen the country, and the trip to serve the country through the two chapters of "Inspirational Youth, Faithful loyalty to the country" and "Destroying the Family, Rejuvenating Education, and Saving the Country"! On the walls and in the display cabinets, there are not only pictures and texts of Ma Xiangbo's life experience and outstanding contributions, but also old books and old documents that he used in his childhood.
Entering the former residence of Ma Xiangbo in Sijing, the exhibition design is arranged according to the mansion, the first entrance is the prologue hall, and the courtyard connected to it is the continuation of the prologue hall, designed with tile wall, mountain scenery, character silhouettes and famous quotes composed of landscape sketches. The courtyard design of the second entrance aims to convey Ma Xiangbo's contribution to education and national salvation.
Through the combination of artistic glass frames, dynamic light boxes, and silhouettes of characters, the third jin restores ma Xiangbo's behavior of "national enemies and family hatred and resistance" when the War of Resistance Broke Out.
Ma Xiangbo's study "Leshan Hall" in the year of confusion
In the fourth entrance, the relatively narrow space on both sides of the back hall is used to compare and display the reading environment of Ma Xiangbo's childhood Xuhui Public School and the study "Leshan Hall" of the year of confusion.
In the cloister between the fourth and fifth entrances, you can feel not only the patriotic old man, but also the wise and lovely old man.
Through the chapter "Immortal Spirit of High Talents and Masters", the Fifth Progress Hall shows the important contribution of the elderly Xiangbo to Chinese education and the inheritance of the spirit of Ma Xiangbo by future generations.
In the exhibition, Ma Xiangbo's deeds of "donating family property to start an aurora" are particularly touching. In 1900, Ma Xiangbo donated almost all of his family property, 3,000 mu of Songjiang and Qingpu Tian, to the Catholic Jiangnan Sijiao as a fund for the establishment of the ideal university, the Chinese and Western University Hall, and at the same time, he established the "Document on Donating Family Property to Revitalize Learning", emphasizing that the donation of family property should not be interfered with by others.
Aurora Academy founded by Ma Xiangbo
At the same time, the exhibition also exhibits Ma Xiangbo's handwritten scrolls on the detailed reasons for founding Aurora and Fudan, which is provided by Mr. Ma Tianruo, the grandson of Ma Xiangbo.
In addition, the calligraphy works of the elderly Ma Xiangbo, including the Seven Sayings of the Xingshu and the "Parting Book", are also on display.
Ma Xiangbo calligraphy works
Shi Liangcai's former residence presents the newspaper giant's "newspaper grid"
The former residence of Shi Liangcai, which is not far from the former residence of Ma Xiangxiang, is open to the public. The house was built in 1916 by Mr. Shi Liangcai and completed in the spring of 1918. The former residence consists of a quaint Chinese courtyard and a small brick and wood building. From May to August 1949, the seat of the Songjiang County People's Government was established here. Since then, it has successively served as an office for the town's cultural station and library. The people's government of Sijing Town has invested in the protection and repair of the former residence twice in 2006 and 2011. In 2020, entrusted by Sijing Town, the International Research Center for Architectural And Cultural Heritage Protection of Shanghai Jiao Tong University carried out the renovation and design of Shi Liangcai's former residence.
Shi Liangcai
Former residence of Shi Liangcai
The surging news reporter walked into the former residence of Shi Liangcai yesterday, and in front of the gate was a couplet that "conformed to the progressive trend of the times and inspired the people's patriotic fighting spirit." Entering the courtyard, what came into view was a bronze statue of Shi Liangcai, which was reproduced by sculptor Gao Yunlong based on the original work of his father Jin Xuecheng. The glass screen on the left side of the hall introduces the life of Shi Liangcai, and the right side shows the evaluation of Shi Liangcai by many celebrities, reflecting the great contributions made by Shi Liangcai in multiple identities such as journalists, industrialists, and social activists. After Shi Liangcai was killed that year, people from all walks of life sent tributes, these eulogies were integrated into a book, and there were hundreds of people's inscription handwritings at the back of the book, and the exhibition selected 15 of them, including the handwriting of Cai Yuanpei, Yu Youren, Shao Lizi, Zhang Binglin and others. The exhibition hall also displays a series of famous sayings by Shi Liangcai about the newspaper industry, such as "People have personality, newspapers have newspapers, state-owned national characters, three grids do not exist, people will not be people, newspapers will not be reported, and the country will not be a country." "It's a very emotional read.
Shi Liangcai's handwriting
According to reports, Sijing Ancient Town, with Shi Liangcai's former residence as the center, is also planning to build a root-seeking place for the soul of Shanghai newspapers and a practice base for Shanghai media people to study the concept of news, so that Shi Liangcai's former residence will become a place for media people to find their original intentions, showing the history of Shanghai newspaper news, including the transformation of the current newspaper industry and the presentation and display of important new media brands, which is also in the planning of Sijing Ancient Town. According to Zhang Ye, a member of the Party Committee of Sijing Town, this year's Party Congress of Sijing Town, Songjiang District, put forward the goal of "science and technology innovation oasis, vibrant ancient town, livable new city", the ancient town is the root of culture, combined with the origin of celebrities' former residences and the "Declaration", pay attention to presenting the history and current vitality of The Chinese news media, and achieve "cultural vitality ancient town, quiet and elegant charm water town" by continuing to introduce humanistic and artistic projects with real characteristics.
(Note: The pictures in this article are all taken by the author)
Editor-in-Charge: Lu Sijia
Proofreader: Yan Zhang