Zhuge Liang's tearful slashing of Ma Mo was originally the responsibility of Ma Mo's blind arrogance and only talking on paper; this was almost the consensus reached by all scholars who studied Zhuge Liang. However, Chairman Mao believed that Ma Mo had shortcomings, but the responsibility for the loss of the street kiosk should be most counted on Zhuge Liang's head.
Zhuge Liang's ingenious calculations, bowing down to the Shu kingdom, and after his death, is a symbol of the famous sages and wisdom of ancient China; and Chairman Mao was the founder of New China, as well as a famous military, revolutionary, and thinker.
We can understand the chairman's great talent and strategy from the chairman's command of the operation and the formulation of several key strategic lines, as well as his impartiality and objectivity.
The Chairman's previous learning experience
Before joining the revolution, the chairman studied at the Hunan Normal School, which did not charge tuition fees and only needed a fairly cheap meal. During this time, the chairman had a lot of time to concentrate on reading; at that time, there was also a good teacher, that is, the chairman's first lover, Yang Changji, Yang Kaihui's father, who gave him guidance. Yang Changji himself is a local academic hero, who studied in Japan for ten years in his early years, and is a Confucian scholar who is very knowledgeable and very willing to guide people of insight. At that time, Mao Zedong had empty ambitions, but he was suffering from nowhere to show his patriotic enthusiasm, and he did not know where to start to show his patriotic enthusiasm.
From this point of view, Yang Changji and Mao Zedong both cherished each other. Yang Changji attached great importance to Mao Zedong and believed that he must be a talent to save the country, and he would certainly be able to stand shoulder to shoulder with celebrities such as Zeng Guofan and Liang Qichao in the future. Mao Zedong was also deeply influenced by Mr. Yang Changji, who had concentrated on the writings of Zeng Guofan and Wang Chuanshan, attached importance to the pragmatism of the world, and did not like flashy paper talk. The in-depth study of ancient books took root in Mao Zedong's life from this time, and even after the founding of the People's Republic of China, he still had a familiar Zizhi Tongjian at his bedside.
The young Mao Zedong liked to ask Yang Changji for advice when he encountered problems, and Yang Changji was very happy to talk to this young man he valued very much. Sometimes, Yang Changji was even willing to show his manuscript to Mao Zedong and ask Mao Zedong for advice. Mao Zedong's personality in his youth was somewhat impulsive and impatient, while Yang Changji was polite and tolerant; Yang Changji was able to make Mao Zedong think differently while preserving Mao Zedong's pride and vigor. This played a great guiding role in Mao Zedong's later revolutionary work and the ways and methods of looking at problems. For example, in the zizhi tongjian book, Mao Zedong believed that he could gain something every time he read it. It is not all feudal crap as some people think, and of course it is not all the essence of history, but it is a combination of both. Therefore, when we look at history, we must both criticize and inherit, but we cannot be one-sided.
After joining the revolution, Mao Zedong could easily apply the methods and strategic ideas he had learned from history to the practical work of the revolution. Premier Enlai once said: Chairman Mao summed up the historical lessons of China over the past several thousand years, as well as the revolutionary experience of the past hundred years, and he is the people's leader who has grown up directly in the personal struggle of the past thirty years.
The Chairman's objective assessment of the Street Kiosk
Although Mao Zedong criticized Zhuge Liang for sending Ma Mo to guard the street pavilion, he actually liked Zhuge Liang very much, and studied Zhuge Liang's interpretation and true records very thoroughly. Regarding the loss of the street pavilion, he believed that this was a key battle related to the fate of the Shu kingdom. It is true that Ma Mo made a major mistake and was to take responsibility, but Ma Mo's sin was that he could not keep the street pavilion, and the root cause of the loss of the street pavilion was Zhuge Liang, who knew people clearly and could not use people. Ma Mo was not suitable to be the commander of decision-making, but he was an obedient general. Sending horses to confront the enemy and fight instead of commanding the whole army may rewrite history.
This may coincide with what Zhuge Liang thought, because since the street kiosk was lost, every time he led troops out on a campaign, Zhuge Liang personally sat in the army.
In addition to the misuse of horse rumors, Mao Zedong believed that Zhuge Liang had two more mistakes. First, before the Battle of the Street Pavilion, a great opportunity was missed to pacify guanzhong. Zhuge Liang may have been out of prejudice against Wei Yan, or perhaps because of his cautious personality, in short, he did not follow Wei Yan's advice to attack Guanzhong, but instead dispersed his forces, Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi guarded the Ji Valley, Ma Mo guarded the street pavilion, and he himself led a large army out of Qishan. The actual situation at that time was that Cao Cao's army was empty in the Longyou area, and if it could concentrate its forces to take Guanzhong, the strength of the Shu state would definitely go to a higher level.
Zhuge Liang's second mistake was that when he received the news that Ma Mo was trapped in the street kiosk, he did not return to the rescue in time. The battlefield is changing rapidly, and even in modern times, when communications are very advanced, there is a difference between visiting the front line in person and only looking at data at the command headquarters, not to mention in ancient times, when the transmission of messages and the speed of troop mobilization were very backward. If Zhuge Liang had been guarding the street pavilion himself at that time, he could react in time to the changes that had taken place on the battlefield, and he would not have lost the street pavilion, and there would have been no end in the later six outs of Qishan, and every time he would have returned without success.
Although Zhuge Liang made these three mistakes, on the whole, he was more meritorious to the Shu state than he had done, and many of his strategic ideas were even directly borrowed by Chairman Mao into our party's revolutionary activities.
Remove its dross, take its essence
In addition, for Zhuge Liang's seven captures of Meng, the problem of the submission of the ethnic minorities in Shu land was finally solved. Our army has also encountered it. In 1953, there were still bandits who had been entrenched for a long time in some mountainous areas of the mainland, who were not only a legacy factor of the old era, but also seriously threatened the safety of the lives and property of local residents, and were not conducive to the social stability of new China. Therefore, the suppression of bandits was a very important task at that time. After Cheng Lianzhen, the female bandit leader in Guizhou, was captured, most of the comrades advocated blood debt and blood compensation, and killing her could clear her of the sins she had committed. But Guizhou is mountainous, the people themselves are very conservative, not to mention the bandits in the mountains, it is even more difficult to break through, if you can influence Cheng Lianzhen, let such a person who is familiar with Guizhou and bandits, to suppress the bandits, will it be more effective with half the effort?
Under the guidance of this ideology, Cheng Lianzhen was safely released after receiving the ideological education of our party. Sure enough, after deeply feeling the difference between the CPC and New China, Cheng Lianzhen took the initiative to act as a propaganda ambassador for New China and talked to the bandits in the mountains about the benefits of the CPC and the ideals of the new society. In fact, most of the bandits are farmers who once wanted to honestly farm and eat, and they can survive, who wants to dance the knife and get the stick every day?
Soon after, Cheng Lianzhen led a large number of local bandits down the mountain to surrender to the government. This saves time and effort than a silly attack. At the same time, they also mentally reversed their views, killing two birds with one stone.
In addition, Zhuge Liang spent his whole life working hard to unify China at that time. This height of thinking, and the firm goal of life, has not changed in the face of many difficulties, which has made Chairman Mao even more admirable.
Starting from Liu Beisan's Longzhong confrontation with Maolu, Zhuge Liang analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of Cao Cao and Sun Quan from the perspective of the general trend of the world, as well as how Liu Bei, who was weak in terms of military strength and financial resources, should be tolerant and how to develop in order to finally achieve reunification. The State of Shu was his stage goal, not the ultimate goal. After the establishment of the Shu state, Zhuge Liang formulated a general policy of peaceful coexistence with the ethnic minorities in the west and the south, and did not rush to annex, so that the Shu state got a relatively stable space for development, and at the same time united with Sun Quan to oppose Cao Cao, and also won a relatively relaxed diplomatic environment for the Shu state.
In addition, Zhuge Liang's management policy of clearly distinguishing rewards and punishments for things and not with people was also highly respected by Chairman Mao. Our Party is a well-disciplined ruling party, and it will not be punished as it deserves because of mistakes made by high-ranking officials, nor will it erase all meritorious deeds because of a momentary mistake. This was especially evident in the later treatment of the Kuomintang generals who had heroically resisted Japan, and the chairman's original words were "merit is merit, and excesses are excessive", and it will not be one-size-fits-all.
Therefore, in evaluating Zhuge Liang's life, Chairman Mao will not be blind to his shortcomings and deficiencies because he likes Zhuge Liang. He believes that Zhuge Liang is an excellent military expert, and perhaps in actual combat command, Zhuge Liang's performance is not satisfactory, but military experts can also be biased, and Zhuge Liang's strategic thinking should be superior to his military command ability.
And some of Zhuge Liang's small inventions on the battlefield are also the crystallization of wisdom and cannot be covered up by mistakes. The mobile transport mechanism "Wooden Cow Flowing Horse" that can automatically advance, Zhuge Liang's self-created Bagua army array, the crossbow that he made according to the ancient law that can be fired continuously, the Kong Ming lantern that was originally used to transmit signals, and the improved red tassel gun, the gun head is the shape of a snail, on the march, when encountering a bridge, do not have to spend time to find materials.
Unfortunately, letting Liu Bei and the three of them lead the troops separately caused a large number of losses and generals, which directly led to the serious injury of the Shu State's vitality; the Battle of Jieting missed the only perfect opportunity to overturn the market. Cao Cao's great talent, Sun Quan's wit, and the collective wisdom of the Jiangdong regime did not wait for the heavenly opportunity that belonged to the Shu kingdom. Although he was out of Qishan in his later years, he still failed to affect the overall situation.
Zhuge Liang's lifelong regrets were also taken as a warning by Chairman Mao. But it is not exactly the case with experience. Instead, with an attitude of seeking truth from facts, in light of the situation of the Red Army, the development line in line with the Red Army was formulated, and only then was the situation of avoiding the enemy's front, and the most suitable revolutionary method for the Red Army was to cultivate the enemy's weak rural areas and finally realize the situation of encircling the cities with the countryside.
History has finally proved the correctness of Chairman Mao's propositions. Premier Enlai praised Mao Zedong for winning every battle, and he was very impressed. The phrase "Chairman Mao's use of troops is really like a god" has unconsciously spread throughout the whole party and the whole army.