What was Zhuge Liang's biggest mistake in his life? Not a lost street kiosk, Sima Yi said the answer in 12 words!
Regarding Zhuge Liang's biggest mistake in his life, the views of netizens are actually very inconsistent, some people think that Zhuge Liang should not go out to the mountains to help Liu Bei at all, but should serve Cao Cao; some people think that Zhuge Liang should not disregard the strength of the Shu Han State and insist on the Northern Expedition; others think that Zhuge Liang should not reuse horses in the first Northern Expedition, resulting in the loss of the street pavilion; and even some people think that Zhuge Liang should use Wei Yan's Meridian Valley to conspire and raid Chang'an... The above views are the mistakes of Zhuge Liang that everyone most often says, but in fact, in the view of this article, these are not Zhuge Liang's biggest mistakes! Zhuge Liang's biggest mistake was only clear to Sima Yi!
Mistake one, Zhuge Liang should not go out to the mountains to help Liu Bei, but should help Cao Cao
Many people believe that Liu Bei was originally cornered, and it was Zhuge Liang who helped Liu Bei formulate a strategic plan and painted a grand blueprint, so Liu Bei could unite with Sun Quan to defeat Cao Cao in a desperate situation, and then occupy the four counties of Jingnan, and then annex Yizhou to achieve the foundation of Shu Han! It can be said that without Zhuge Liang, Liu Bei would not have been able to achieve hegemony at all, the world would not have been able to divide into three points, and Cao Wei would probably have ruled the world! Therefore, many people believe that Zhuge Liang's going out of the mountains to help Liu Bei establish Shu Han was the biggest mistake in his life. In fact, however, this view is not true!
From the perspective of people in Zhuge Liang's time, in fact, the world is still nominally the world of the Han Dynasty, Cao Cao's name is Han Xiang, but he is actually a Han thief, he is "holding the Son of Heaven hostage to order the princes", Cao Cao is the evil side! As for Liu Bei, he was originally a descendant of the Han Dynasty, and Liu Bei's cause was to support the Han Room, which was a righteous act of loyalty to the king and the country. And before that, Liu Xiu, the founding emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty, made a very good example for everyone. When the Western Han Dynasty fell, the descendants of the Han Dynasty led the people to rise up and rebel, defeat Wang Mang, and rebuild the Han Chamber, which was a righteous act and the origin of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Therefore, Zhuge Liang's going out of the mountains to help Liu Bei was a very righteous act! Zhuge Liang grew up under the rule of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the country in his heart is the Han Room, he has no problem helping Liu Bei, if he goes to help Cao Cao, then he will truly betray the Han Room! In addition, when Cao Cao slaughtered Xuzhou, Zhuge Liang's family was in Langya County, Xuzhou, and it was precisely for this reason that Zhuge Liang fled to Jingzhou, and since Zhuge Liang knew from an early age that Cao Cao was a fierce and fierce person who regarded the people as grass and mustard, how could he possibly assist Cao Cao?
Mistake two, Zhuge Liang should not have gone north
Friends who think that Zhuge Liang should not have the Northern Expedition mainly look at it like this: Compared with Eastern Wu and Cao Wei, Shu Han has the weakest national strength, and going to the Northern Expedition with the weakest national strength not only labors the people and hurts the wealth, but also has no chance of success, it is better to live behind closed doors, at least the people live well. In fact, this view is too simple!
First of all, Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition was not a poor soldier, and every time he went on a Northern Expedition, he rested and prepared for several years, giving the people enough time to recuperate, so he did not work hard and hurt the people.
Second, Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition could divert the contradictions in the Shu Han Dynasty. The ruling class of the Shu Han Dynasty came from Jingzhou, which was bound to clash with the local forces in Yizhou, especially when the development of the Shu Han was stagnant. The two forces are fighting, and the injured must be the people of Shu Han and the national strength of Shu Han. If Zhuge Liang continued the Northern Expedition, he could transfer the energy of the two sides to the State of Wei, and everyone would unanimously go to the State of Wei to make a big cake, and the contradictions in the Shu Han Dynasty would naturally be less, so that the people of the Shu Han Would not be oppressed so bitterly by their superiors, and perhaps they could get a lot of benefits, and the strength of the Shu Han State could also be improved.
To put it bluntly, as long as they give hope to the local forces in Yizhou, they will turn their energy to the State of Wei, and Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition is this purpose. After Zhuge Liang's death, the people of Shu Han could not see the hope of the Northern Expedition to defeat the State of Wei, and began to focus their energy on the interior of Shu Han, and as a result, everyone saw that Shu Han was declining very quickly!
Finally, Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition extended the life of the Shu Han. Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition actually caused a lot of harm to the State of Wei, making it impossible for the State of Wei to concentrate on internal development, so that the national strength of the State of Wei could not open up the gap with the State of Shu and the State of Wu, and it was precisely for this reason that the State of Shu could last for such a long time. Imagine if the national strength of the State of Wei is 100 and the national strength of the State of Shu is 10, and the national strength of the two countries is doubled ten years later, one is 200, the other is 20, and the gap is from 90 to 180, in this case, wouldn't the State of Wei have more and more advantages?
Therefore, in general, Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition is actually not a big mistake, as far as the situation of Shu Han at that time is concerned, the Northern Expedition is very necessary, if there is no Northern Expedition, the national strength of the Wei state will grow rapidly, and the internal struggle between Shu Han and Shu Han will continue, and then Shu Han will quickly perish, and it will not last long at all!
Mistake three, do not use Wei Yan's Meridian Valley Strategy
During Zhuge Liang's First Northern Expedition, Wei Yan had suggested that he take the Meridian Valley to raid and occupy Chang'an, but Zhuge Liang did not agree. In the end, the First Northern Expedition failed, so many people believed that Zhuge Liang was too cautious in using soldiers, and if he had adopted Wei Yan's strategy, Chang'an would have been defeated long ago! In fact, this perception is also a bit problematic!
It is said that Zhuge Liang was cautious in using troops, but judging from his early use of soldiers, in fact, he was very fond of light troops! Liu Biao died, Cao Cao went south, hit Liu Bei by surprise, Liu Bei prepared to evacuate immediately, but Zhuge Liang suggested that Liu Bei attack Liu Qi. From here, in fact, we can see that Zhuge Liang's use of troops when he was young was a bit radical, and Liu Chun was the lord of Jingzhou, occupying the heavens and places and people, where is it so easy to fight? What if Liu Chun did not defeat Liu Chun and delayed the time, and Cao Cao went south to encircle Liu Bei? Too risky.
Liu Bei attacked Yizhou with Pang Tong, and as a result Pang Tong was killed, so Liu Bei asked Zhuge Liang and Zhang Fei to lead troops to the aid. At that time, Liu Bei had already taken a group of soldiers and horses, and Guan Yu had to stay in Jingzhou to guard a soldier and horse, that is to say, Zhuge Liang and Zhang Fei would not bring too many soldiers and horses to Yizhou. On Liu Zhang's side, it can be said that the soldiers are strong and strong, in Chengdu alone, there are 30,000 elite soldiers, but in this case, Zhuge Liang helped Liu Bei quickly take Chengdu and pacify Yizhou, what does this mean? Doesn't it show that Zhuge Liang used the kind of light and rapid fighting style? If he was a cautious soldier, how could he have taken Chengdu so quickly?
After Liu Bei's death, Nanzhong rebelled, and Zhuge Liang led an army to go out. At that time, the Shu Han Dynasty experienced the defeat of Guan Yu's Jingzhou and the defeat of Liu Bei's Yiling, and there were not many troops in itself, but Zhuge Liang divided his troops into three roads, and in just a few months, he pacified Nanzhong and returned triumphantly. It can only show that Zhuge Liang is using dangerous moves, he is in a light raid!
Zhuge Liang's first Northern Expedition was also divided into three routes, one route to Zhao Yun to fight against Cao Zhen, one to Ma Mo to guard the street pavilion, and one route to Zhuge Liang to fight Long Right, which was similar to the use of troops in the south, but in the end Zhuge Liang failed. It was precisely because of this failure that Zhuge Liang began to become cautious, not as fierce as before.
It can be seen that Zhuge Liang's use of troops was not cautious at the beginning, he still liked to advance lightly, so why didn't he use Wei Yan's Meridian Valley to conspire? This is actually just because the success rate of the Meridian Valley Conspiracy is too low! If the success rate had been slightly higher, Zhuge Liang would have used it long ago! The failure of Cao Zhen to sneak up on Shu Han in the Meridian Valley also proved that the Meridian Valley was not properly planned!
Mistake four, misuse of horse rumors
Zhuge Liang's first Northern Expedition, despite the opposition of the people, appointed Ma Mo to guard the street pavilion, which led to the battle of the street pavilion and the defeat of the Shu army. This is indeed Zhuge Liang's mistake. But overall, this is not the biggest mistake! Because this battle did not seriously damage the vitality of Shu Han, after this battle, Shu Han still had the hope of success in the Northern Expedition!
Zhuge Liang's biggest mistake
After the misuse of Ma Mo, although the first Northern Expedition failed, from the fourth Northern Expedition, Zhuge Liang had actually fully grasped the initiative on the battlefield! At that time, Cao Zhen was dead, and Sima Yi became the commander of the Wei army that resisted Zhuge Liang, Sima Yi was very arrogant at first, and looked down on Zhuge Liang, so he took the initiative to lead his army to attack Zhuge Liang, and as a result, he was defeated by Zhuge Liang in the Battle of Halo City, losing 3,000 Xuanjia. Originally, Zhuge Liang wanted to take advantage of the victory to pursue, but Li Yan was in the back, Zhuge Liang was forced to retreat, and Zhang Hao wanted to catch up and gain some benefits, but was ambushed and killed by Zhuge Liang. Since then, Sima Yi has realized the gap between himself and Zhuge Liang, and he no longer dares to confront Zhuge Liang head-on!
After three years of rest, Zhuge Liang once again sent troops to the Northern Expedition, and this time, Zhuge Liang solved the logistical problems of the Shu army! Before the Northern Expedition, the logistics of the Shu army was always unable to keep up, so that even if the Shu army had the advantage and could defeat the Wei army, it still did not dare to continue to use troops, and this time, Zhuge Liang directly ran to the territory of the Wei state and successfully solved the problem of the logistics of the Shu army. For this battle, Sima Yi still wanted to repeat the same technique, wanted to drag zhuge liang until the grain ran out, and automatically retreated, but he did not expect that Zhuge Liang was directly in the Wei state of Tuntian, so he ate and lived in the state of Wei, and the people of the state of Wei did not have any objection to this, according to this situation, Sima Yi was miserable!
But even so, Sima Yi still did not dare to fight, because he knew that once he went to war, he would definitely lose! For this kind of cognition of Sima Yi, Emperor Cao Rui also agreed, when Zhuge Liang humiliated Sima Yi with women's clothes, the Wei generals were uneven and wanted to fight, and as a result, Sima Yi and Cao Rui joined forces to stage a "thousand miles please fight" drama, forbidding the Wei army to fight, which was humiliating! If Sima Yi really dared to fight, why did he have to ask Cao Rui for war? To put it bluntly, Sima Yi was afraid of Zhuge Liang, and he did not dare to fight at all!
According to the development of this situation, Zhuge Liang has solved the logistical problems of the Shu army, and it is entirely possible that he will completely defeat the Wei army, but unfortunately something happened, Zhuge Liang suddenly fell seriously ill and died quickly! Regarding the cause of Zhuge Liang's death, everyone's statement is different, but Sima Yi, as an enemy, has made a very good summary!
"Zizhi Tongjian": Liang sent an emissary to Yi Jun, yi asked him about his sleep, food and troubles, and did not ask about Rong matters. The messenger said to him, "Zhuge Gong rejoiced in the night, and punished more than twenty people, all of whom were personally observed, and the food they ate did not reach nine liters." Yi Told People: "Zhuge Kong Ming eats less trouble, and his ability is long!" ”
Sima Yi heard that Zhuge Liang even had to personally approve the matter of punishing more than twenty years, and the amount of food was not good, so he said such a sentence: "Zhuge Kongming eats less and troubles, and his ability is long"! In fact, it is this sentence that summarizes the reason for Zhuge Liang's death, that is, too tired! Normal people are tired, they will eat a lot of things to maintain their bodies, but Zhuge Liang is busy with affairs, so tired, but he eats very little, in the long run, how can Zhuge Liang's body support it?
In the view of this article, Zhuge Liang's biggest mistake is actually what Sima Yi said: "Eat less and worry about trouble"! If Zhuge Liang knew how to delegate power and let his subordinates help him deal with affairs, he only needed to deal with major affairs, he would definitely be able to spare a lot and not be so tired. If Zhuge Liang had eaten more food, made his health better, and lived for a few more years, he would have led the Shu army to defeat the Wei army long ago, and it was not impossible for Kuang FuHan to be room. Therefore, Zhuge Liang is too much, eating too little, and exhausting his body, if he lives for a long time, the Fifth Northern Expedition is likely to be successful, and Sima Yi is likely to be defeated!
epilogue
On the whole, zhuge Liang's biggest mistake in life was actually not to go out of the mountains to help Liu Bei, nor was he insistent on the Northern Expedition, nor did he use the Meridian Valley plot, but he did not know how to delegate power, did not know how to maintain his body, if he let his subordinates help him deal with specific affairs, eat more food, and maintain his body, how could he suddenly die? And if he did not die suddenly, how could the Fifth Northern Expedition fail? At that time, the party that fails is most likely the Wei side, and the Kuang Fu Han Room is no longer a dream! In fact, as an old rival, Sima Yi still saw the situation more accurately, and his 12-word words prepared a summary in addition to Zhuge Liang's biggest mistake in his life: Zhuge Kong Ming ate less and was troublesome, and his ability was long!
(This article mainly refers to the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and "Zizhi Tongjian")