preface
In 1930, an ordinary nanny, Chen Yuying, after receiving a series of heavy sentences in her cell, said to the enemy:
"Shore Ying is surnamed Yang, not surnamed Mao, and is a child of the Yang family"
Chen Yuying said this because he was too afraid of the enemy hurting the young children.
A few days later, Chen Yuying said to Yang Kaihui with tears in his eyes:
"Xiagu (Yang Kaihui's name), tell me, is the enemy going to poison you?" I'm going to die for you!" ”
Listening to this, Yang Kaihui was moved to say to his nanny Chen Yuying:
"Sister-in-law Sun, you are very strong, I can trust you, Commissar Mao can trust you, we are a real friend, a family. If you raise your children well, the revolution will succeed in the future, and you will have a good life. ”
In prison, Chen Yuying and Yang Kaihui encouraged each other to support each other, but how could an ordinary nanny, Chen Yuying, prevent Yang Kaihui's final outcome?
Picture | Yang Kaihui
On November 14, 1930, Yang Kaihui bravely rebelled.
In fact, from the moment Yang Kaihui chose the revolutionary road, he was doomed to be full of difficulties and dangers ahead...
Everyone who pursues progress is a show
On November 6, 1901, Yang Kaihui was born in a scholarly mendi, his father was mr. Yang Changji, who was highly respected, on the day she was born, the sky was red and gorgeous, beautiful and spectacular, very good-looking, seeing this grand scene, his father Yang Changji named yang Kaihui, the number "Xia", the word Yunjin, although it is a woman, Yang Kaihui is like those literati, has its own word, number.
Father Mr. Yang Changji has studied in Many countries such as Hongwen College in Japan, Tokyo Higher Normal School, and Albertine University in the United Kingdom, and is a scholar who has studied Chinese and Western, is knowledgeable and profound, and is a scholar who is highly respected by people, Yang Changji opposes the feudal system, encourages people to pursue freedom and equality, supports advanced ideas in the new cultural movement, and later also educates Mao Zedong, Xiao Zisheng, Cai Hesen and other progressive people, whether ideologically or emotionally, father Yang Changji is Yang Kaihui's pioneer.
Growing up in such a family environment, Yang Kaihui has been a "big girl" in the eyes of others since childhood.
In the years after Yang Kaihui was born, his father Yang Changji had the ambition to save the country and save the people, and went to Chongyang to study, and when he was overseas, he wrote a letter to Yang Kaihui's mother to Zhenxi, instructing his wife to let his daughter study, and the enlightened choice of his parents made yang Kaihui the first batch of female students of Changsha's forty primary school, she was also the youngest student in the class, when asked what he planned to do in the future, the young Yang Kaihui seriously replied: "Do something beneficial to society." "Although he is young, he dares to be the first to open up the atmosphere and dare to set up patriotic aspirations."
Pictured| Yang Changji
After the Xinhai Revolution, Yang Kaihui called his mother Xiang Zhenxi to study together, Xiang Zhenxi was illiterate, under the encouragement of her daughter, the mother and daughter embarked on the road of studying together, enrolled in Hengpu Girls' School, the mother read the industrial class, Yang Kaihui read the attached primary school class, this story about mother and daughter learning together, but also became a beautiful talk praised by everyone. Yang Kaihui loves to learn, and during her time in school, she read a lot of books about social sciences and practiced a good hand.
Picture | Xiang Zhenxi
After his father Yang Changji returned to China, students Mao Zedong, Cai Hesen, Zhang Kundi, Luo Xuehuan and others often came to the door to ask for advice, at this time Yang Kaihui would move to a small bench, obediently sit next to his father, listen to his father and his students discuss the road to save the country, listen to their analysis and understanding of the current situation, And Yang Kaihui on the side benefited a lot like a class.
But later in the school, Yang Kaihui is not considered a "peaceful" student, her "restlessness" is not that she did not study well, but too active, during the school period, often engaged in student sports, participated in social lectures, broke school rules, do not do worship and a series of behaviors, attracted the attention of the school, and finally was expelled from the school by the Fuxiang Girls' High School where she studied.
Yang Kaihui, who has been fascinated by his father Yang Changji's thoughts since childhood, not only has the moral norms that traditional women abide by, but also has been baptized by the new ideas of the new cultural movement, and has been deeply influenced by advanced concepts such as science and democracy.
The young Yang Kaihui is not only the theory of female flow, but also has a seed of "saving the country and saving the people and daring to revolution" in his heart.
Follow your husband in revolution
Among the students taught by his father Yang Changji, there was a classmate named Mao Zedong, he was a frequent visitor of the Yang family, often went to the Yang family to ask questions that the teacher did not understand, he and Yang Changji would talk a lot, or about current events, or about the way to save the country, whenever discussing current affairs, Mao Zedong could always put forward his own ideas, and when the Yang family lived, Mao Zedong insisted on taking a cold shower every morning, so the young Mao Zedong who was so learned and persevering just attracted Yang Kaihui's attention.
Later, in an interview with Snow in northern Shaanxi, Mao Zedong also recalled his impression of Yang Kaihui:
That summer (note: 1918), I decided to go to Beiping, which was then called Beijing. At that time, many students in Hunan planned to use the 'work-study' method to study in France. ...... I assisted in this movement. ...... When I was working in the Peking University Library... I met and fell in love with Yang Kaihui, the daughter of yang Changji, my former ethics teacher.
The two people who have a good feeling for each other naturally come together.
Pictured| Yang Kaihui and Mao Zedong
The two often corresponded to express their affection, and Mao Zedong would call Yang Kaihui "Xia", while Yang Kaihui would call Mao Zedong "Run", which became a unique tacit understanding between the two.
In January 1920, Yang Changji unfortunately died of illness, and Mao Zedong, as a half-son-in-law, participated in Yang Changji's vigil to help Yang Kaihui take care of his father's affairs.
In August of the same year, Mao Zedong formally established the Cultural Book Club in Changsha, but encountered problems in raising funds, and after Yang Kaihui learned about it, he not only joined the daily work of the book club, but also mobilized his mother to show Zhenxi a part of the ceremonial gold given by relatives and friends at the time of his father's death to support Mao Zedong's book club.
In September, Yang Kaihui joined forces with 5 female students from Fuxiang and Zhounan girls' schools to enter the boys' school and became the first batch of female students in the province's boys' middle schools, entering the boys' school and being the first.
In the choice and road of life, Mao Zedong and Yang Kaihui accompanied each other and supported each other.
Pictured| Mao Zedong as a young man
At the end of 1920, the 19-year-old Yang Kaihui and the 27-year-old Mao Zedong walked into marriage hand in hand and decided to accompany each other for life, and their marriage form was very unique in the social context of the time.
"Do not sit in a flower palanquin, do not prepare a dowry, do not have a matchmaker's words, and do not act as a layman."
Quite simply, the two were married. After marriage, Yang Kaihui followed her husband Mao Zedong and threw herself into the great revolutionary cause together.
In 21 years, the Communist Party of China was formally founded, when Mao Zedong, He Shuheng and others rushed to Shanghai together to participate in the first CPC Congress, and then Yang Kaihui officially joined the Communist Party of China, after which Mao Zedong served as the secretary of the CPC Xiang District Executive Committee, while his wife Yang Kaihui was responsible for some specific work of the district committee and became Mao Zedong's best assistant.
Mao Zedong and Yang Kaihui's home is in No. 22 Qingshuitang on the outskirts of Changsha City, this hut carries the love of the two people, and it is also the seat of the Xiang District Committee of the CPC, Yang Kaihui often travels to and from the Cultural Book Club, Chuanshan Book Club and other places, assisting Mao Zedong in writing manuscripts and searching for materials, and often going deep into some poor rural areas to encourage the broad masses of peasants to launch armed struggles.
Pictured | young Mao Zedong
In 1925, the husband and wife returned to Mao Zedong's hometown of Shaoshan together to help local farmers set up night schools to investigate the situation of the peasant movement, Yang Kaihui assisted Mao Zedong and established one of the earliest party branches in the countryside - the Hunan Shaoshan Branch of the Communist Party of China, Mao Zedong's classic work "Hunan Peasant Movement Inspection Report" was also based on that experience, the report had both Mao Zedong thought and Yang Kaihui's painstaking efforts.
In 1926, Yang Kaihui followed Mao Zedong and went to Guangzhou to carry out revolutionary work.
On the road to the revolution, Mao Zedong has always been accompanied by Yang Kaihui, who has given her husband Mao Zedong's support for his career with her greatest efforts, and at the same time carefully took care of the family of the two behind her back, so Yang Kaihui is a "good wife and good mother" who is both outside the lord and inside the lord!
Picture | Yang Kaihui with Mao Anying and Mao Anying and Mao Anqing
The husband and wife separated in 1927.
And this time the separation turned out to be the last side of the two.
Yang Kaihui was heroic and righteous
In 1927, when a counter-revolutionary coup broke out and countless Communists were in danger, Mao Zedong wanted to go to the countryside of Xianggan to continue the armed struggle, so he decided to send his wife and children back to Changsha Bancang, accompanied by his nanny Chen Yuying. Before the Autumn Harvest Uprising, Mao Zedong secretly returned to Hunan to see Yang Kaihui and his children again, and the husband and wife did not give up, and later no one thought that this reluctant separation was a farewell between the two.
Mao Zedong and Yang Kaihui separated the two places, the inconvenience of contact, long-term thoughts, so that Yang Kaihui did not want to go to her husband Mao Zedong for a moment, for this reason, she had specially applied to the organization to go to Jinggangshan to carry out the revolution with Mao Zedong, but the situation at that time was indeed not stable, some patriots were killed, some lived a life of hiding, considering the safety of Yang Kaihui's mother and son, the organization finally did not approve their transfer.
Later, Yang Kaihui even lost contact with the organization, nevertheless, she did not stop the pace of revolutionary struggle, in Changsha, she has organized and led the underground armed struggle several times, and constantly developed the party organization, perhaps smelling the dangerous atmosphere, as a revolutionary, she may be arrested at any time, in 1929, Yang Kaihui specially wrote a letter to her cousin Yang Kaiming, trusting the orphan, and said to her cousin:
"If you have misfortune, take care of your children."
I seem to have seen death—alas, its grim and serious face! When it comes to death, I am not afraid, and it can be said that I am happy. Only my mother and my little ones oh, I kind of pity them! And this emotion, haunting me so much, I decided to entrust them (children) to you, financially as long as their uncles survive, they will not ignore them, and their uncles have a deep love for them.
Figure | Yang Kaihui's letter of trust
Yang Kaihui's hunch was not wrong.
In August 1930, He Jian counterattacked the Red Army that had already captured Changsha, wantonly hunted down the Communists and revolutionary masses, and sent people around to hunt down Mao Zedong's wife Yang Shi, and even offered a monetary reward.
But often walk by the river, where there are not wet shoes, as long as you go out of the house, there is a danger of being discovered at any time. In October, Yang Kaihui disguised herself as a clay pot seller and secretly returned to Bancang to visit her mother and children, she was cautious and careful, but she was still discovered by Yu Lianzha, a secret agent who had been searching for Yang Kaihui.
Picture | Yang Kaihui's former residence in Bancang, Changsha
On October 24, Yu Lianzha led Fan Jinxi, the mayor of Fulin Township in Changsha County, and dozens of other people to surround Yang Kaihui's home in an instant, and Yang Kaihui, 8-year-old Mao Anying, and Nanny Chen Yuying, who took care of the mother and son, were all arrested, on this day, it was the birthday of young Mao Anying.
In prison, Yang Kaihui suffered all kinds of cruel punishments, such as wooden stick beatings, leather whips, bar compression, bamboo sticks, etc., each of which was enough to make people miserable, but Yang Kaihui did not give in to this, and she replied to the list of underground party organization personnel requested by the enemy and the correspondence address of mao Zedong's secret contact: "I don't know!" Against the enemy's torture to extract confessions and severe torture, Yang Kaihui firmly said:
"You can fight if you want, kill when you want, and get from my mouth what you are satisfied with, delusional!"
In addition, even though Yang Kaihui is already in prison, she still has not forgotten the care and education of her children, she taught Mao Anying to read and read, and told her son to listen to her father Mao Zedong in the future.
Pictured| Mao Zedong and Yang Kaihui
Seeing Yang Kaihui who had been tortured many times, the nanny Chen Yuying was of course also very distressed, even an ordinary woman, also began to have a premonition, perhaps Yang Kaihui's life was not long, so he proposed to die instead of Yang Kaihui, Yang Kaihui was moved, but he was determined not to do this, and the enemy would not agree.
Under the pressure of public opinion, the enemy made a new demand on Yang Kaihui: as long as she could publicly announce her separation from conjugal relations with Mao Zedong, she could immediately be freed. In this regard, Yang Kaihui only has one sentence:
I want to disassociate myself from Mao Zedong unless the sea withers and the rocks rot!
It is not a pity to die, but I hope that the runzhi revolution will succeed as soon as possible.
For Yang Kaihui, who did not eat soft and hard, the enemy had no way, and only the last option was left - to execute Yang Kaihui.
Pictured| Nanny Chen Yuying
On November 14, 1930, it was drizzling that day, and it seemed that even the weather felt a sad atmosphere, the enemy took Yang Kaihui out of the cell, and the nanny Chen Yuying blocked the door with her body and shouted to the enemies: "Don't take her, if you want to kill me, let her go back to take the child." ”
But where would the enemy listen to the words of a nanny, and soon and ruthlessly took Yang Kaihui away, and declared: "Yang Kaihui neither declares his disassociation from Mao Zedong nor surrenders himself, and should be executed immediately." Yang Kaihui, who heard this, did not have a hint of panic, she was wearing a blue cloth coat, the cheongsam she wore when she was separated from her husband Mao Zedong, the feet were black cloth shoes, a clean and simple body, the whole person was calm and calm, as if what she was going to do next was very normal.
Picture | Yang Kaihui and Mao Anying in prison
In the center of the "FaTang" of the Qingxiang Headquarters, there was a large rectangular table, on which were written on the white paper several large characters: "A female accomplice in the execution of Yang Kaihui," and next to it was a large yantai containing red ink.
After the end of the sentencing process, they escorted Yang Kaihui to a rickshaw to the execution site, the autumn wind was severe, the autumn wilderness was desolate, Yang Kaihui sitting on the car calmly faced his next fate, after stepping off the rickshaw, Yang Kaihui's eyes were many graves, behind which was his gun, "bang" twice, Yang Kaihui fell to the ground in response.
After lunch, the executioner received a report:
"There was a notice from above that the woman who hit her in the morning was not dead!"
Therefore, Yao Chuzhong took people to the execution site again, only to see Yang Kaihui lying on the grass in blood, his mouth was full of mud and sand, his fingernails were stuffed with yellow soil, there was still a trace of breath, a miserable appearance, others were afraid that they would be moved, but Yao Chuzhong did not have this sympathy, aimed at Yang Kaihui, and then shot...
Yang Kaihui, 29, gave her life for the revolutionary cause.
After the sacrifice, the people in her hometown found Yang Kaihui's body in the wild grass, and people gently scrubbed her, changed into a new dress, and buried her on the cotton slope surrounded by green pines.
Pictured| Mao Zedong
In December of the same year, Mao Zedong, who was in the Central Soviet District, heard the bad news that his wife Yang Kaihui had made a heroic sacrifice, and he was very sad, and he splashed ink with his pen and wrote down the words "Kaihui's death, a hundred bodies cannot be redeemed", in order to mourn Yang Kaihui, Mao Zedong also wrote "Butterfly Love Flower Xiang Bancang", pinning his feelings in poetry, Yang Kaihui became a love that Mao Zedong could never forget in his heart!
A dozen days after Yang Kaihui's sacrifice, Mao Anying was taken home by his uncle and later sent to Shanghai to study. In 1950, Mao Zedong saw his nanny Chen Yuying again, learned of Yang Kaihui's tragic life in prison, and said:
"Kaihui is a good man!" Kishi Ei is a good boy! The victory of the revolution was not easy to come by, and my family sacrificed six, and some of the whole family did. ”
The picture | the graveyard of the martyr Yang Kaihui
Sacrifice for decades, posterity has not forgotten the heroic deeds of Yang Kaihui martyrs, in various forms to express their remembrance, now Yang Kaihui martyrs cemetery, is located in Changsha County, Hunan Province, Dongxiang Bancang, the left side of the cemetery is in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea lost his son Mao Anying's clothing tomb, the right is the joint burial tomb of Mao Anqing and his wife Shao Hua, the two sons are always waiting by her side, want to come to Yang Kaihui is also very happy.