In April 1949, Mao Zedong and Mao Anying, Liu Songlin, and Li Ne were in Xiangshan
introduction
In May 1950, on the eve of the outbreak of the Korean War, Mao Anying returned to Pancang, Hunan Province, for the last time to celebrate the birthday of his maternal grandmother Xiang Zhenxi, and on the day of the birthday banquet, he suddenly presented to his family the old accounts of Chairman Mao and Xiang's family, and on that day Mao Anying's aunt Zhong Jinhuai said to Mao Anying:
"Twenty or thirty years have passed, and the money your father owes us should be repaid."
It's a story about three generations
On the edge of the Pingjiang River in Hunan Province, there is an old brick house, the house is very old and old, and now it is like a dead branch buried in the shadow of a tree, shabby and inconspicuous. But this old house is a full-fledged mansion in the 20th century, and its owner is the former Xiangjia.
The first owner of this old house with a history of more than 200 years was called Xiang Zengxian, who was a scholar of Qianlong for sixty years and a teacher of the Jiaqing Emperor.
When the descendants of the imperial master, the official eunuch Fuyan's family, xiangjia has been passed down for generations since then, and there have been highs and lows. By the time of the third generation of Xiang Guoyuan, Xiang Jia had an only daughter who was called Xiang Taiyuan.
Later, this Xiang family Qianjin married Yang Shuqiao, who was Also Yang Kaihui's grandfather, of the Itakura Yang clan.
A year after their marriage, Xiang Taiyuan gave birth to a son named Yang Changji for the Itakura Yang clan, who was Chairman Mao's father-in-law and teacher. After becoming an adult, Yang Changji married Xiang Jia again and married Xiang Zhenxi, the second lady of Xiang Jia at that time.
Figure丨 1941, Yan'an, Mao Zedong
When Chairman Mao married Yang Kaihui, Xiang Jia also regarded Chairman Mao as his own aunt, and at this point, the Shaoshan Mao family, the Pancang Yang family, and the Pingjiang Xiang family were intertwined into a complex relationship of 'constant cutting, rationalizing and chaos'.
Chairman Mao's father-in-law, Yang Changji, was a bitter child, and this is not to say that the Yang family had no money, but that Yang Changji himself was orphaned at a young age, lost his mother at the age of eight, and lost his father at the age of 12.
Therefore, when Yang Jichang was young, most of his time was inseparable from Xiangjia, he was studying at home, living at home, and falling in love with Home.
Yes, Yang Changji is free love, and Yang Changji, who has lived in Xiangjia for a long time, naturally likes his cousin Xiang Zhenxi.
In 1888, Yang Changji and Xiang Zhenxi married. In 1903, Yang Changji, who had excellent grades, was admitted to Yuelu Academy, and after graduation, he took his wife to Japan and Britain for further study.
Picture 丨 Yang Jichang
At that time, in order to help Yang Changji complete his studies abroad, his father-in-law Xiang Shouwu even did not hesitate to sell his ancestral property, and Yang Changji did not live up to Xiang Shouwu's painstaking heart, although he was only a teacher after returning to China, but because of his rich knowledge, Yang Changji was widely praised in society.
In 1913, Chairman Mao first met Yang Kaihui, and 7 years later the two married, and Mao Zedong, a poor boy who came out of Shaoshan, became the nephew and aunt of the emperor's family.
In the spring of 1921, Chairman Mao, who had recently married Yang Kaihui, came to visit Yang Kaihui's grandfather Xiang Shouwu at xiangjia's old house, and since then he has formed an indissoluble relationship with xiangjia.
Four years later, Xiang Shouwu, the pillar of the Xiang family, passed away. Chairman Mao, who learned of this, specially asked Yang Kaihui to take him to Pingjiang to mourn, and left a memorial for the funeral of 'Philosophers and Their Withers', praising Mr. Xiang Shouwu as a saint without compromise.
Figure 丨 Xiang Zhenxi
According to the relationship, Chairman Mao is Xiangjia's niece and son-in-law, so Chairman Mao has a lot of aunts and uncles in the Xiangjia family.
There is a lot of affection in the middle
In 1918, just one year after Chairman Mao graduated from Hunan Normal School, the relationship between Chairman Mao and Yang Kaihui had not yet been opened, but Yang Changji, who had already seen the signs, was very optimistic about the young Chairman Mao, so he recommended Chairman Mao to work in the Beijing Library.
After working in Beijing for less than a year, Chairman Mao had to come to Shanghai alone with Yang Kaihui because he had to send off his work-study classmates.
On April 6, 1919, Chairman Mao left Shanghai and returned to Changsha to organize a series of communist patriotic movements such as workers' strikes. During this period, he founded the Xiangjiang Review and other publications to provide revolutionary ideas and propaganda channels for the residents of Changsha.
At that time, although Chairman Mao's activities were in full swing, the funds were always hovering on the border of insufficient income, so Chairman Mao, who had no fixed job, could only borrow money from others.
On November 26, 1919, the Xinmin Society took a group photo in Changsha, and Mao Zedong was fourth from left in the back row
At that time, Chairman Mao was after all a young man who did not have much savings, and he had lived in the mountains since he was a child, and there was not a single rich friend in Changsha, so he could only be decided by Yang Kaihui and borrow money from Xiangjia on behalf of Chairman Mao.
The reason why Chairman Mao did not extend his hand to the Yang family was because Yang Changji had already passed away at that time, and although the Yang family still had some money, this was the money of his mother-in-law Xiang Zhenxi's pension.
After a night of discussion between the husband and wife, Yang Kaihui took his mother to Pingjiang and found his eldest aunt, Xiang Zhenxi's sister Xiang Zhenkai.
Xiang Zhenkai's family lives close to the Itakura Yang family, and it is less than 10 miles in the middle, and Xiang Zhenkai, who has lost his son and only one daughter, often runs to Itakura and his sister Xiang Zhenxi to live for a while. Therefore, the relationship between Yang Kaihui and Xiang Zhenkai is not generally good, and it is so good that the nannies invited by Yang Kaihui when she became pregnant in 1926 were personally selected by Xiang Zhenkai.
Picture 丨 Mao Zedong, Yang Kaihui
Chairman Mao has always been very clear to Xiang Zhenkai that this is a child with ambition and ability, so when Yang Kaihui proposed to borrow money, Xiang Zhenkai agreed without hesitation.
On the same day, Xiang Zhenkai took out the pension money he had painstakingly accumulated for many years from the cabinet, and a total of 250 silver dollars were handed over to Yang Kaihui's hands. According to the exchange rate at that time, 1 silver dollar is equal to 100 yuan of the current renminbi, and 250 pieces is 25,000 yuan.
To know that although Xiangjia has been brilliant, but it is also an old yellow calendar, Xiangjia, who is braking on the downhill road, has taken out so much money at a time to say that it is not benevolent and righteous, that is, ignorance of conscience.
The arrears of 250 silver yuan were never asked for from the family until after the founding of New China, when Chairman Mao became the chairman, and the old matter was mentioned again.
Of course, the story between Xiang Jia and Chairman Mao is not as simple as 250 silver dollars.
In 1938, Mao Zedong wrote "On Protracted War" in the Yan'an Cave Dwelling
Time turned to 1930, when Chairman Mao was already a thorn in the flesh in the eyes of the Kuomintang, and in order to blackmail Chairman Mao, the Kuomintang agents in Changsha made the arrest of Yang Kaihui a top priority.
Yang Kaihui was arrested when he returned to Bancang to visit his mother and children in October, and yang kaihui was escorted to Changsha Prison under the hostage of Kuomintang agents.
At this time, Changsha was run by the highest official named He Jian, a man who hated the Communist Party, after the Red Army besieged Changsha for more than a month. Although he retreated, he Jian also felt the greatest humiliation in his life, so after capturing Yang Kaihui, He Jian brutally tortured her.
After Yang Kaihui's arrest, yang kaihui was imprisoned by Mao Anying, who was only 8 years old, and Chen Yuying, the nanny who took care of him. Inside the prison is Yang Kaihui, who is tortured every day, and outside the prison is Xiang Zhenxi, an anxious Yang mother, who finds her mother's home in order to save her daughter Xiang Zhenxi, hoping to get help.
The Xiang family, who shared the honor and disgrace of the Yang family and the Mao family, did not hesitate to sell their ancestral property and open up relations for rescue. Yang Kaihui's uncle sold the shop to Dingqian, entrusted someone to find a relationship and spend a lot of money to escort xiang Zhenxi to Nanjing, and asked Yang Changji's old friends Zhang Shizhao, Cai Yuanpei, Tan Yanmin and other well-known people in society for help.
With the joint efforts of the Xiang and Yang families, a large number of well-known people in society put pressure on the Kuomintang authorities to release Yang Kaihui. The Kuomintang failed to withstand the pressure, and Yang Kaihui was about to be released from prison.
In August 1945, Mao Zedong and Chiang Kai-shek took a group photo standing in front of Building 2 of the current Chongqing Municipal Party Committee Office District
But the Kuomintang was not very good at compromise, in the words of Chiang Kai-shek, "It is okay to release people, but it must be published in the newspaper announcing the severance of conjugal relations with Mao Zedong." ”
Faced with the conditions for release from prison prescribed by the Kuomintang, Yang Kaihui only said two sentences: "Mao Runzhi is not guilty, and he Jian is guilty." The head can be broken and the blood can flow, so it is a waste of time for me to bow my head. ”
The ending is believed to be known to everyone, Yang Kaihui was brutally killed by the angry and corrupt National Government. After Yang Kaihui was brutally killed, Xiang Jia shouldered the responsibility of raising Mao Anying, Mao Anying, and Mao Anyong.
After Yang Kaihui's sacrifice, Xiang Zhenkai took his daughter to bring Home Mao Anying, who was as thin as a wood and had a stomach disease, for treatment, and at that time, in order to ask the doctor, he sold his jewelry to Zhenkai. At that time, Mao Anying was 8 years old, Mao Anqing was 7 years old, and Mao Anyryu was 3 years old, taking turns to take care of three young children to his family.
As the days went by, the three brothers Mao Anying, Mao Anqing, and Mao Anlong also came out of the psychological shadow of losing their mother little by little. Seeing the three children who were becoming more and more cheerful, Xiang Zhenkai and others all had a little smile, but these smiles were only revealed when they saw the children playing happily.
Picture 丨 Yang Kaihui, Mao Anying, Mao Anying
Although Yang Kaihui sacrificed, the Kuomintang agents did not relax, but used the three children left behind as bait hoping to catch the big fish of the Communist Party, so Xiang Jia was still worried about the safety of the three children.
At that time, around the old house of Xiangjia, there were hidden plainclothes agents everywhere, who observed the comings and goings of Xiangjia and checked every guest who came in and out of Xiangjia' house.
Xiang Family knows that the peace in front of them is only short-lived, and once these Kuomintang agents run out of patience, they will definitely break into Xiang's home and kidnap three children to harm them, so Xiang Jia is always preparing for the transfer of children.
In 1931, Mao Anying's maternal grandmother Xiang Zhenxi returned to Changsha, and after spending some time with Mao Anying, Mao Anying and Mao Anying, Mao Anying, and Mao Anying, she had to say goodbye and send the children to Shanghai with tears.
Escort Shanghai
How to get the three children safely to Shanghai is a difficult problem, and the surrounding area is full of Kuomintang agents, especially after Xiang Zhenxi's return, there are more agents than before.
The old house like an iron barrel is wrapped in three layers inside and three layers outside, and the surveillance is blocked, so that everyone who wants to escape can't help but be confused. The family's three children were still playing and playing, and they didn't seem to know what they were going to face.
Picture 丨 Yang Kaizhi
Yang Kaizhi: "No, we can't wait, we must transfer out immediately." ”
Xiang Zhenxi: "But where do you want to move?" We couldn't get in touch with Runzhi, so sending these three children out was to send them to their deaths! ”
Yang Kaizhi: "You can't stay in Changsha, mother, after you come back, the enemy's surveillance is more intensive, they have long lost patience, if you don't come back, the children may have encountered poisoning hands." ”
Yang Kaizhi: "You can send them anywhere, but you must not let them stay in Changsha, even if they are temporarily raised in someone else's home." ”
None of the people who discussed continued to speak, whether to leave or stay was a question, but this issue no longer needed to be discussed, the overall situation had been decided, and everyone tacitly acquiesced to Yang Kaizhi's suggestion, because he was right, the child must be sent away, there is a glimmer of life when he leaves, and if he does not leave, the child will be killed.
Just when the Yang family and Xiang Jia were discussing who to send the three children to, a message suddenly reached Xiang Zhenxi's hands: Mao Anying, Mao Anqing, and Mao Anlong could be sent to Shanghai, and someone would pick them up.
It is unknown who sent the news and how it was delivered, but this news made Xiang Zhenxi and others see the dawn and the hope of the three children.
The location has been determined, and here's how to send it out.
On September 30, 1949, Mao Zedong delivered a speech at the groundbreaking ceremony of the Monument to the People's Heroes
In order to send these three children, Xiang Zhenxi mobilized Mao Anying's aunt Li Chongde and Xiang Mingqing's friend Yang Zhenxiang, planning to borrow the channel for delivering grain to Mingqing and detour from Pingjiang to Nanjing to Shanghai.
In the weather, it rained lightly, and Mao Anying, Mao Anqing, and Mao Anlong, who were forced to stay up late for a long time, were put into rice boxes by Xiang Zhenxi after falling asleep, and in order to do the whole thing, Xiang Home specially found several children who were similar to Mao Anying, Mao Anying, and Mao Anyun.
The morning light was faint, the moon was sinking and the sun was floating, and Xiang Zhenxi suddenly shouted, "The child is gone!" The child is gone! ”
Xiang Zhenxi's voice alarmed the Kuomintang agents who were watching, but the Kuomintang agents did not immediately look for them, after all, they had been monitoring XiangJia for a long time, and last night they did not hear anyone going out of Xiangjia's house.
The Kuomintang agent thought that this was a plan to move the tiger away from the mountain, and planned to look at it for a while, and sure enough, soon after, the side door of the old house opened, and three people ran out with a child in their arms.
Agent: "Not good, not them. ”
Knowing that they had been deceived, the agents immediately blocked all the entrance and exit passages to Xiangjia' house, but found nothing, and they rushed into Xiangjia's house to stir up the world, but they did not even see the shadows of the three brothers Mao Anying, Mao Anying, and Mao Anyong.
In 1951, Mao Zedong and his daughter Li Ne looked at a photo together
At this time, the three brothers Mao Anying, Mao Anqing, and Mao Anlong had been sleeping on the cargo ship transporting the rice warehouse for a long time.
Xiang Jia had already delivered the opportunity for Mao Anying, Mao Anqing, and Mao Anlong to deliver grain to the ship long ago, and at this time handed over to the Communist Party watchmen dressed as shipwrights, and Xiang Jia's big move was nothing more than to let the ship carrying 'important goods' leave quickly.
At the behest of Xiang Jia, Mao Anying, Mao Anqing, and Mao Anlong arrived safely in Shanghai and were properly placed in Datong Kindergarten, while the Kuomintang agents who had lost their key figures could only smash The old house of Xiang Jia and leave the scene in anger.
Although the Kuomintang Changsha government at that time wanted to take revenge on Xiang Jia, it could not resist Xiang Jia's local prestige and Yang Changji's call in society, so it had to give up, so that Xiang Jia was spared.
Late repayment
Time back to 1950, the grown up Mao Anying returned to Hunan, before leaving, Chairman Mao specially called Mao Anying to the study to explain to him: "I must pass on the greetings to Xiang Zhenxi and Xiang Zhenkai for me. ”
But what Chairman Mao did not expect was that after Mao Anying returned to Beijing, he brought news of the repayment of the money. This incident is very clear to Zhen Kai's grandson, Zhong Jinhuai's son Huang Weiping.
On March 28, 1958, Mao Zedong inspected the Chongqing Iron and Steel Company
Huang Weiping: "When my mother went to the northeast to pass through Beijing, she already had the idea of asking her cousin Chairman Mao for money, and at that time, because my cousin was too busy to meet, this matter was always delayed. ”
Although Zhong Jinhuai wanted money on his own initiative, it was also forgivable, and Xiang Zhenkai had been lying in bed for a long time because of his old age, but he had not let Chairman Mao and Mao Anying know.
But it costs a lot of money to see a doctor, and Xiang Jia itself does not have much savings, so Zhong Jinhuai will urgently propose to repay the money, after all, the money can be seen when it is in hand, even if the disease is not good, the funeral can also be used.
This matter was also confirmed by Li Weihan, director of the Central United Front Work Department, at that time, and Li Weihan also specially issued a certificate, which showed that Xiang Jia was really trapped at that time.
After Mao Anying explained the cause of the incident to Chairman Mao, Chairman Mao's expression became more and more solemn.
Chairman Mao: "I'm sorry for your old aunt, in fact, I should have thought of this long ago, and the debt owed to them will never be repaid." ”
In 1958, after Visiting the Xiang River, Chairman Mao Zedong visited a farmhouse and entertained children
In fact, when Mao Anying returned to Hunan, he originally went with the task of 'paying off debts' for his father. For this reason, Mao Anying also made a special trip to find his uncle xiangqing, Xiang Mingqing and his aunt to thank Zhenkai in person, but Xiang Zhenkai did not show his illness in front of Mao Anying.
Chairman Mao has never forgotten his kindness to his family, and as a state leader, he also knows that he has too many people's 'debts' waiting to be repaid.
The comrades who died during the revolution and the people who helped him were all heavy 'debts' one after another, but there were still too many things waiting for him to do when the country was just established.
Now that the country has passed the most difficult stage, it is time to repay.
Chairman Mao once said that we should let the people live a good life, let the thousands of martyrs in the Soviet Union live a happy life, and let the martyrs be at ease under the Nine Springs. To let China's peasants have land to plant and let the children of the people afford to read books, these are all urgent "debts" that cannot be postponed. If this cannot be done, the people will scold the mother.
No one is willing to 'go into debt', especially Chairman Mao, who borrowed tens of thousands of yuan from Zhang Shizhao in those years and repaid it from his own contributions every year after the founding of the People's Republic of China. As Yang Kaihui's family member, Chairman Mao was even more reluctant to continue to owe it.
Picture 丨 In 1961, Mao Zedong was in Lushan
In 1954, four years after Mao Anying's death, Chairman Mao specially sent his secretary to find Andi Qing and send two subsidies to Li Qing and Ming Qing and his wife, and arranged for two people to work for Xiang Mingqing in accordance with the treatment of martyrs, and hired Xiang Mingqing to work at the Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Literature and History.
After the state began to implement the salary system, every month Chairman Mao would take two hundred yuan out of his pocket and send it to Xiang Zhenxi and Xiang Zhenkai on time until their deaths.
Several times, Chairman Mao, who had finished his work in the early hours of the morning, would write letters to the two old men in a huff, "The two old ladies are in good health and very relieved..."