When I look at the Spring and Autumn Warring States today, I see the passage of Zheng Huan's relocation of the capital.
Zheng Huangong, because his capital was close to eastern Zhou, was tied under his eyes, so he wanted to move the capital, where to move the capital? He discussed with Tai Shibo the question of where to move the capital, and discussed three places, the first was the Guanzhong area of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the second was southern Henan and northern Hubei, and the third was the southern part of the Chu state. The first place was surrounded by ethnic minorities such as Di Rong, and there was a lot of war, so the Eastern Zhou Dynasty moved its capital to the Luoyang area (then called Luoyi). The second place can not choose because the henan area is surrounded by Chen Cai Weiyan and other countries, these countries and the Zhou Dynasty are related, the feelings are better, so it is not recommended to move the capital. The third place is not recommended because it is too close to the powerful State of Chu. In the end, the central part of Henan was chosen, surrounded by small countries such as the State of Yu and the State of Qi, which had a general relationship with the Zhou Dynasty, so it was convenient to move the capital here to facilitate the capture of this small country, and it was conducive to defense. Moreover, the central part of Henan is also accessible in all directions, which can radiate the Central Plains and facilitate the dispatch of troops.
Since ancient times, there are several conditions for choosing a capital city:
1, by the mountains and rivers, so that the living materials are rich, the land is fertile, easy to defend and difficult to attack. Xi'an (Eight waters around Chang'an, north of Tongguan, south of the Qinling Mountains), Luoyang (surrounded by the Yellow River, in the Central Plains, mountains and rivers, west of the Qinling Mountains), Beijing (Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, continuous mountains, nearly a hundred famous people, they are like tigers and dragons, natural and strange, and deep in the hinterland of Yanyun Sixteen Prefectures, horse breeding base, since the ancient Yanyun Sixteen Prefectures to get the world), Nanjing (Qinhuai River) are such geographical locations.
2, convenient transportation, political center: China has been political economy since ancient times, so the capital is basically in the north, especially the five generations and ten kingdoms lost Yanyun Sixteen Prefectures, the two Song Dynasties were suppressed for 300 years, since then we know how important the north is, and since ancient times and now China is the north to unify the south, rarely appear the south to unify the north, since ancient times and now Zhu Yuanzhang has realized the unification of the south and the north. Therefore, the choice of capital city should be convenient for transportation, and it is also a place of political center, and most of the political centers are in the north, so Chang'an, Luoyang, etc., which have built the most capitals, especially in modern times are Beijing. Because Beijing is in the hinterland of Yanyun Sixteen Prefectures, since ancient times and now Yanyun Sixteen Prefectures are the core military towns of the Central Plains raising horses and producing horses, in ancient times they were all the world of cavalry, so occupying the north, occupying Yanyun Sixteen Prefectures occupied the Central Plains and occupied the world.
3, the economic center, since the Three Kingdoms, especially after the southern and southern parts of the crown, the economic center is in the south, and the north is mostly a political center and a military center, so modern Nanjing has become the center of the early Ming Dynasty, the Republic of China is also in Nanjing, but when the republic was founded, beijing was chosen, because the northeast is the center of heavy industry, the north is the center of heavy industry, the modern developed countries are industrialized countries, and those who have industrialized have the way to become strong. Therefore, heavy industry and industrial centers are the first choice.
4, military needs. Resist foreign invasion: in the classification period, in the face of foreign enemies from all sides, if the border in the capital is too far, it is not conducive to the defense and attack of foreign enemies; if it is too close, the capital city is easily invaded by foreign enemies. For multi-ethnic countries, the capital is too far from the border, which is not conducive to the control of the border ethnic minority areas; too close, it is also easy to cause resistance in ethnic minority areas, and the country is unstable. For example, Ming Chengzu Zhu Di proposed that Tianzi guard the gate of the country, so one of the reasons for moving the capital to Beijing was to facilitate the resistance and attack of the Tatars and Wallachians in the north, as well as to strengthen the control of the Jurchens in the northeast. Another example: the capital of the early Northern Wei Dynasty was in Pingcheng, because the northern front line of Pingcheng was close, and the command of the imperial court was convenient, which was conducive to resisting the harassment of the Ruoran people.