Plate 37
Two-storey green glazed pottery water pavilion
Late Eastern Han Dynasty
The height is 54 cm and the length of the pool is 40 cm
In 1972, tomb No. 2 of Zhangwan in Lingbao County was excavated
"The Discovery and Significance of the Border Wang Longshan Cultural Castle"
Du Zaizhong, China Cultural Relics Daily, July 15, 1988, 3rd edition
This article first introduces the discovery of longshan cultural castle in Wangcun, a border town in Sunjiaji Town, Shouguang County, Shandong Province. The city has two cities, inner and outer, and the age of the big city is later than that of the small city. The city is rounded and square, with an area of about 57,000 square meters, and there is a doorway in each of the four walls, the walls have base grooves, and people, dogs and pigs are buried in the rammed earth layer. The small city is within the big city, the location is slightly southeastern, the structure is basically the same as the big city, and the area is about 10,000 square meters. The author then discusses the significance of the discovery of the Border City. It is believed that the discovery of the Shouguang Border City is a new breakthrough in the excavation and research of Shandong's prehistoric culture. The appearance of this castle has already marked the beginning of the eastern civilization of the continent. At present, the structure of the two castles in the border royal city has been basically clarified, which will be an important key to the study of the early urban architectural development process.
Characteristics of China's Early Capital Cities and Their Cultural Connotations
Lü Jing, Journal of Zhengzhou University, No. 6, 1988, no. 54-57, p. 65
The author first refutes the practice of measuring China's ancient capital city with the concept of modern cities, and believes that the development of early Chinese cities has a stage, and its construction, layout, and functions all show distinct connotations of Chinese culture and have the content of national culture itself. China's early cities were "capitals" centered on "royal power". Cities with a large number of free people as the main body and the production, exchange, and social activities of free people as the main content did not appear before the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. And the ancient capitals such as Yangcheng, Shangqiu, Bo, Huan, Xiang, Geng, Xiang, Geng, Xiang, Yin, Zhouyuan, Feng, and Pickaxe are all related to a monarch with great talent. The construction of cities in early China was contingent on the intentions of individual monarchs or aristocratic groups, which was markedly different from the cities of ancient Western societies that developed on the basis of natural villages. In the ancient capital, the palaces that were the product of intensive and concentrated labor were built on the site of the high platform, which was the result of the control of the king. The layout of the Yanshi Erlitou, Zhengzhou Shangcheng and YinXu Palace buildings sitting north and facing south just reflects the political intention of "facing the world from the south". The author believes that most of the areas where monarchs and nobles are concentrated have fortifications such as city walls. The claim that there were no walls in early China is arbitrary. Archaeological excavations over the years have found a large number of city walls and wall ruins, and the existence of ancient city walls can also be confirmed from the glyphs of the oracle bones. The city walls, trenches and other boundary area signs were established for the purpose of fortification and demarcation of areas. Archaeological data show that within the scope of the capital, there are a large number of handicraft workshops, royal tombs, worship areas and residential areas of the lower classes, and the layout of this capital city and the specialized functional communities are all centered around the political activities, cultural etiquette, and daily life of the monarch. The capital was the center of the whole social and political system, the hinterland of the royal power. The rise and fall of the capital is closely related to the strengthening and weakness of the royal power. The transformation of the capital of the Xia and Shang dynasties preceded this trend, and this tradition continued until the late period of China's feudal society. In ancient Chinese society, where ancestor worship was prevalent, the monarch was both the supreme ruler in politics and the supreme leader in the religious world. The nature of the political power of theocracy has made the political capital city have the characteristics of a religious city. Within the boundaries of the ancient capital, the living's sleeping hall and the god's temple were mixed, and the temple building and the sacrificial area became as important as the palace architecture, even surpassing the palace. The palace and the zongmiao temple in the capital city are a reproduction of the "theocratic integration" system in ancient China. During the Yin Ruins period, the sleeping was separated from the temple and the sacrifice, and the system of "sleeping before the temple and sleeping after the temple" was reflected here. After arriving in the Qin and Han Dynasties, the altar temple was moved to the outskirts. From the location of the temple in the capital, we can see the change in the ancient people's concept of life and death.
The source of the text is "Research Outline of the Origin of Chinese Civilization", published by Cultural Relics Publishing House in December 2003
Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Research Center for Ancient Civilizations, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, ed
The pictures and descriptions are from "Han Dynasty Architectural Ming Ware Unearthed in Henan", edited by Henan Museum, 2002