Plate 39
Three-layer green glazed pottery water pavilion
Late Eastern Han Dynasty
The height of the pass is 130 cm, and the length of the pool is 42 cm
In 1972, tomb No. 3 of Zhangwan in Lingbao County was excavated
"The Origin of Wall Building Technology of Wangchenggang Castle"
Dong Qi, "Jianghan Archaeology", No. 1, 1989, pp. 48-53
This paper uses archaeological excavation data to analyze the wall-building technology of Wangchenggang Castle, and finds its source stream from it, and explores the scientific basis for ramming such castles. One of the wall-building techniques is the excavation of foundation troughs. The technology of excavating the foundation trough is not accidental, it originates from the trench excavation technology produced in the Yangshao culture period. According to excavation data from sites such as Banpo and Lintong Jiangzhai in Xi'an, the ditch technology of the Yangshao culture period can be divided into three categories: irrigation system, drainage system and defense system. Under the Yangshao cultural layer of the Luoyang Li site, there is an ancient channel with a width of 4 meters and a depth of 0.4 meters in a southwest-northeast direction, and the ancient channel is wide and shallow, which should be related to irrigation and water diversion. In the Yangshao cultural layer of the Xiapanwang site in Cixian County, a ditch with a length of 50 meters, a depth of 1 to 1.5 meters, a mouth larger than the bottom, and a flat bottom was found, judging from the shape of the high east of the ditch and the low west, it should have the function of drainage. The north, east and south sides of the Jiangzhai village site are surrounded by trenches, which are not connected to each other and cannot play a role in drainage, which should be designed for defense.
This kind of ditch technology developed from the Yangshao culture has developed to the longshan culture period, and the ramming technology commonly used in the Longshan culture period has laid a solid foundation for the wall building technology of the Wang Castle type. The author believes that the excavation of the foundation trough of the city wall can not only reduce the amount of work, but also achieve the purpose of leveling the ground at a level. There is a layer of silt at the bottom of the base trough of the wall of Wangchenggang Castle, which may be left with horizontal leveling. Its wall-building technology, which integrates three major civil engineering technologies (foundation excavation, wall ramming, and city wall auxiliary building facilities), constructs one of the early castles in the mainland, Wangchenggang Castle, and has had a great impact on the wall-building technology of later generations.
"On the Site of Longshan Cultural Ancient City"
Qu Yingjie, Collected Treatises on Chinese Primitive Culture, pp. 267-280, Cultural Relics Publishing House, 1989
According to the published ancient city sites of the Longshan culture period, the author believes that the stone wall site of Ashan and Tiger Mountain is the earliest, corresponding to the late Yangshao culture or the early Longshan culture, and the carbon fourteen measurement is 180 BC or 2915 BC 135 BC after carbon 14 measurement correction. It was followed by the site of Wangchenggang Castle, dating from 2455 BC to 125 BC, the site of Pingliangtai City to 2405 BC to 175 BC, and the site of Hougang City may be between 2500 BC and 2300 BC. The site of Chengziya City and the site of the Border Wangcheng may be equivalent to the middle of the Longshan culture. The author believes that the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River on the mainland had already had city walls and stone walls at least 3000 BC and 2500 BC. Compared with prehistoric archaeological excavations worldwide, prehistoric cities in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River on the mainland were built later than the Tigris, Euphrates and Nile rivers, but roughly equivalent to the Indus River basin and earlier than other regions.
According to the data found on the mainland, such as the sites of Wangchenggang City, Pingliangtai City, Hougang City, and Border Wangcheng, the residents of these city sites had already been divided into classes, indicating that there was already sharp class antagonism in society at that time, and this phenomenon was basically the same as that reflected in the early cities of the Two Rivers Valley, the Nile River Basin and the Indus River Basin. The author believes that the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River in the Longshan cultural period had various social conditions for the emergence of cities, which were mainly manifested in the concentration of population characterized by the form of settlements, the concentration of production technology characterized by the specialization of handicraft production to some people, the concentration of trading activities corroborated by ancient records and excavated artifacts, the concentration of wealth characterized by the phenomenon of the differentiation between rich and poor reflected in tombs, and the concentration of knowledge and culture characterized by the emergence of pottery. It was under such historical conditions that the first cities in the history of the mainland were first born in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. This cultural prosperity and social progress, which manifested itself in the early days of civilization, is to a large extent the result of the convergence of cultural development in various regions. Therefore, it should be recognized that in the history of the creation of Chinese civilization, each region has made its own contribution.
The source of the text is "Research Outline of the Origin of Chinese Civilization", published by Cultural Relics Publishing House in December 2003
Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Research Center for Ancient Civilizations, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, ed
The pictures and descriptions are from "Han Dynasty Architectural Ming Ware Unearthed in Henan", edited by Henan Museum, 2002