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Only by understanding a city's yesterday can we better understand the future of the city. Jinan, a thousand-year-old historical and cultural city, has sprinkled the sacred flame of civilization here and engraved the inheritance of the cultural context. In order to better tell the story of Jinan and polish the "Cultural Jinan" brand, the Jinan Municipal Bureau of Culture and Tourism and the Jinan Radio and Television Station Tianxia Quancheng News Client jointly launched the "Cultural Jinan" column "Reading City", from the perspective of history and humanities, to explore the code of the famous city of Jinan, narrate the dialogue between tradition and modernity, and read Jinan City with everyone like reading.
Chinese culture comes from the west?
In the spring of 1928, the young archaeologist Wu Jinding, on the way to Dongping Ling city to do archaeological investigation, inadvertently glanced at the ancient remains of this place, and the 27-year-old young man opened the prelude to the excavation of the Chengziya site.
According to historical records, at the press conference of the establishment of the Research Association, Li Ji, head of the archaeological team of the Institute of History and Languages and also a teacher of Wu Jinding, said, "The biggest public case of modern Chinese new historiography is the original problem of Chinese culture, and to study this problem, we must choose a period of clarity as a starting point; there must be a developed Stone Age from yin ruins, if we can trace out the traces of early Chinese culture step by step, of course, we can see it." Therefore, we believe that all the sites of stone tools can provide us with materials for studying the history of this period; Chengzi Cliff has the remains of stone tools, which is the first reason why we chose chengzi cliff excavation. ”
Another reason is that the faience pottery previously unearthed in China is considered to have "some similarities with those from Central Asia Minor and Eastern Europe", which is regarded as a major evidence of "Chinese culture in the West". Li Ji believes that these faience cultural sites are only found in the western and northern parts of China, while the Great Plains in the northeast have not yet been found. So "Chinese mainland is there also a Stone Age in the Northeast Great Plains? If so, is there also pottery with color? The location of Chengzi Cliff is located in the center of this northeast great plain, and it not only produces stone tools, but also valuable pottery that is completely different from the stone age sites in the west and north. ”
From 1930 to 1931, the Shandong Antiquities Research Association conducted two excavations of Chengziya, and the excavation results finally confirmed Wu Jinding's speculations.
It is understood that the two excavations total 15648 square meters, from the excavation situation, the cultural layer is very thick, according to the layer is divided into two layers. The pottery excavated from the upper cultural layer is mainly gray pottery, so excavators call the upper layer the "gray pottery culture period".
The Yueshi culture established in the late 1970s and early 1980s provided new opportunities for the study of Longshan culture. At the beginning of 1989, the Shandong Institute of Archaeology declared to the State Administration of Cultural Heritage to conduct drilling and test excavation of the Chengziya site. Subsequently, in June 1989, a general expedition was conducted, and from the spring of 1990 to the summer of 1992, re-exploration and trial excavation were carried out, and finally it was found that the ruins of Chengziya were "three cities superimposed": the lower layer was the Longshan Cultural City created by the Dongyi people in the late primitive society, the middle layer was the Yueshi Cultural City of the Xia Dynasty, and the upper layer was the capital of the ancient Tan State of the Zhou Dynasty.
The site of Chengziya Longshan Cultural City has the prototype of an early city, which indicates that it has become a political center, economic center and cultural center at that time. Through the multitude of exquisite artifacts, one seems to be able to see the bustle of the same land thousands of years ago under the emptiness of today.
The site of Chengziya, as well as the subsequent discovery and confirmation of many prehistoric cultural remains in the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins, prove with indisputable archaeological data that Chinese culture was born and developed on the mainland of China, and that the ancestors of the Chinese nation independently created and developed ancient Chinese culture in a relative isolation from the Western Caucasian race. Beixin-Dawenkou-Longshan-Yueshi culture is an oriental cultural system with its own characteristics, which has experienced a long period of development, independently and continuously from clan society to class society and into the country.
Zhang Xuehai, director of the Shandong Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and a well-known archaeologist, once wrote, "(Chengziya Ruins) The city is rich in remains, the pottery is exquisite and majestic, obviously higher than the general Longshan ruins, and it is widespread, divination is popular, proving that it is an important political, economic and cultural center with a large population, is a primitive city, it and a large number of small settlements in the group form a distinct pattern of urban-rural separation, indicating that the society of the group centered on Chengziya has surpassed the primitive society and is in the era of civilization. Chengziya Settlement Group is an ancient country of Longshan culture, and the capital of the country is Chengziya Longshan City. "The eastern region of China, centered on Shandong, the birthplace of Longshan culture, is one of the important birthplaces of many birthplaces of Chinese culture and Chinese civilization."
bibliography:
1, "The Light of the Holy Land - Record of the Excavation of the Chengziya Ruins", by Shi Shubo and Gui Jun, Shandong Friendship Publishing House
2, "Chengziya and Longshan Culture", edited by the Propaganda Department of the Jinan Municipal Party Committee of the Communist Party of China
Source: Tianxia Quancheng