Ancient Chinese cultural sites are dotted around, concentrated in the Yellow River Basin and the Yangtze River Basin, of which the largest distribution range and the greatest influence are two: Yangshao culture and Longshan culture, the influence of these two cultures can be said to be nationwide.
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Yangshao culture was first discovered in Yangshao Village, Shichi County, Sanmenxia City, Henan Province, so it is called Yangshao culture, which is actually widely distributed in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River.
Longshan culture was first discovered in Longshan Town, Licheng County, Jinan City, Shandong Province, so it is called Longshan Culture, which is actually widely distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River.
The historical period in which the two cultures are located has before and after, and there is also a certain overlap, similar to the relationship between the two dynasties before and after, for example, the Li Tang family has existed in the Sui Dynasty, but since Li Yuan established the political power and called the emperor can be regarded as the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, Yangshao culture and Longshan culture also have similar characteristics.
The area where the distribution ranges of the two cultures overlap is in the Central Plains, and the Dahe Village site is such a typical cultural site.
The ruins of Dahe Village have lasted for more than 3,300 years, from 6,800 years ago to 3,500 years ago, spanning the Yangshao cultural period, the Longshan cultural period, the Erlitou cultural period (Xia Dynasty), and the Shang cultural period according to the cultural classification; according to the historical dynasties, spanning the three emperors, five emperors, Xia, Shang and other historical periods.
After more than three thousand years without falling, if the ruins of Dahe Village are not a piece of feng shui treasure land, it cannot be said in any way, perhaps this is the north of Shanghai and Guangzhou in the ancient period, so it can always stand in the Central Plains in ancient times.
Around Dahe Village, there are many cultural sites with the same roots and living next to each other, but none of them can have a history that lasts for more than 3,000 years, and none of them can have such a large scale and so rich cultural relics.
In addition to the typical Central Plains cultural factors such as Yangshaowen and Longshan culture, there are also factors such as Shandong Dawenkou culture and Hubei Qujialing culture.
The ruins of Dahe Village have gone through the Yangshao era, the Longshan era and the Xia and Shang dynasties, and are in the same vein, almost uninterrupted, and are a nearly complete chain in the origin and development of Chinese civilization, witnessing every step of the formation and development of Chinese civilization.
Let's first look at a treasure of the town hall of the ruins of Dahe Village, a faience pot:
When you see the scene, the first feeling is big, and occupy a booth alone, can be described as VIP treatment, this colorful faience typical of Yangshao cultural characteristics of the faience, not to see with your own eyes, it is difficult to believe that after 5,000 years, it can also present such bright colors.
This faience has obvious cracks, as well as obvious repair holes, which proves with physical evidence that China's earliest ceramic restoration technology - "curium nail method", in the past cognition, this technology appeared in the Song Dynasty, and the emergence of this faience pottery, so that the emergence of this technology suddenly advanced about 4,000 years.
Let's take a look at another treasure of the town hall - the faience double pot:
This is a replica, the original is stored in the Henan Museum, it needs to be emphasized that this is not only a treasure of the town hall, but also a national treasure.
According to expert research, the faience double pot is a ceremonial item that may have been used in ancient times when clan alliances were made. In view of the location and age of the excavation, some experts believe that this is most likely the oath of wine used by the Yanhuang Emperor to drink together during the alliance between the two emperors.
Whether this faience pottery can really have such a historical encounter, we do not know, but this double pot is exquisitely shaped and colorful, which is the crown of ancient Chinese faience pottery, but it is well-deserved.
The characteristics of faience pottery in the Yangshao cultural period are the variety of ornaments and colors, and these diverse ornaments actually have rich cultural connotations. The high frequency of sun patterns, moon patterns, meteor patterns, lunar eclipse patterns, constellation patterns, etc. in the faience decorations of Dahe Village all indicate that the ancestors of Dahe Village have a wealth of astronomical knowledge.
The pottery in the ruins of Dahe Village is most abundant in faience pottery, which is also normal, because the yangshao culture has the longest historical period. Let's look at some of the faience exhibits:
The picture above shows fragments of faience pottery from the Yangshao culture period.
Pictured above is a faience pottery seat from the Yangshao culture period.
The picture above is a white-clothed faience pottery bowl from the Yangshao culture period.
The picture above is a faience bowl from the Yangshao culture period.
The picture above is a faience pot from the Yangshao culture period.
Next, we want to talk about Longshan black pottery.
The picture above is a batch of pottery exhibits from the Longshan culture period, which can be intuitively felt as small and exquisite, and the shape is also rich. Different from the faience pottery of the Yangshao period, the typical representatives of the Longshan culture period are black pottery and white pottery, the biggest feature is fine, the top black pottery is the "egg pot black pottery cup", the thinnest tire thickness is less than 1 mm, and the surface is dark and bright.
Black pottery is actually what I am most concerned about, this kind of egg pot black pottery cup I have only seen on TV, at that time very shocked that the ancient pottery process can be so fine, but there is no exhibit of this level on the scene, which is the regret of this trip.
In addition to regrets, there are also surprises, unexpectedly found that this thin tire craft is actually not only in the Longshan cultural period, in fact, from the Yangshao culture period, there has been a thin tire craft of faience pottery in the world, from the mouth of the clay pot in the photo can clearly see the feeling of thin as paper.
The introduction in the museum made me a little confused, saying that these two objects were the products of Yangshao culture and that it was the calcination process of Longshan culture. However, the age of these two objects is 5100-4700 years ago, which is undoubtedly the Yangshao cultural period.
Of course, there are other cultural factors of pottery.
The picture above shows pottery from the dawenkou cultural factors in the ruins of Dahe Village.
The picture above shows pottery from the Qujialing cultural factors in the ruins of Dahe Village.
The picture above is the pottery of the Erlitou culture period in the ruins of Dahe Village, which is widely regarded as a Xia Dynasty cultural site, and the characteristics of the difference and the early period can be clearly seen from the shape.
The picture above is the pottery of the Shang Dynasty in the ruins of Dahe Village, and it can be seen from the shape that it inherits the Erlitou culture, that is, the pottery style of the Xia Dynasty.
The uses of pottery are also diverse, involving all aspects of everyday life:
These are earrings.
This is Tao Ling.
This is a textile processing tool.
This mini type of pottery with a cover, according to the analysis should be a children's toy, which is also very interesting, which shows that the social and humanistic care at that time was still good, then the ruins of Dahe Village should be a rich place. What do you think?