Visit the ruins of Dahe Village to explore the "village under the stars" from 5,000 years ago

Kettle-shaped red pottery excavated from the site of Dahe Village

The foundation of the "first room under heaven" at the site of Dahe Village and some of the walls retained

Dahe Village Yangshao culture faience pottery ornamentation

Various types of faience artifacts excavated from the site of Dahe Village

The treasure of the town hall of the Dahe Village Ruins Museum "White-clothed Faience Pot"

A white-clothed faience pottery bowl excavated from the ruins of Dahe Village

The site of a prehistoric building in the Grand River Village Ruins Museum

Star pattern on faience pieces

□ Dahe News Yu video reporter Liu Ruichao Wen Bai Zhoufeng photography

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Cultural relics, sleeping soundly underground, and waking up in museums. History, excavated by archaeology, is displayed one by one in museums. A museum not only displays cultural relics, reproduces history, stores memories, but also a space for people to communicate quietly with civilization.

From now on, Dahe Newspaper Yu Video will launch a series of reports - Dahe Exploration Museum, focusing on representative museums distributed throughout Henan, and aiming the pen and lens at the displayed cultural relics and treasures of the town museum. Between the square inches, travel thousands of years. Here, meet the past Central Plains, here, read our China.

On the west side of Zhongzhou Avenue, daily traffic is busy; on the north side of the Lianhuo Expressway, cars are speeding by. The noisy city ushered in another Qingming, peach and plum flowers, sycamore blossoms. As the first prehistoric site museum in Henan Province, the Dahe Village Ruins Museum is pregnant with Dahe Village, a village that lived under the stars more than 5,000 years ago.

The patterns on the faience pottery, the sun, moon, stars, flowers, birds, insects and fish, symmetry in geometry, concepts in astronomy, through the pattern can glimpse the wisdom of the ancestors of Dahe Village.

Today, the Dahecun National Archaeological Site Park project is upgrading this ancient area. The Yangshao Culture Museum of China, the core protection and display area of the site itself, the original farming planting area and the interactive area, is expected to meet with you before the end of this year. At that time, everyone can understand and touch this civilization more than 5,000 years ago in many ways and more deeply.

cultural relic

"White skin, beautiful and long mouth" Here is a treasure of a young town hall

What is the treasure of the town hall of the Great River Village Ruins Museum? Is it a faience double pot, or a small-mouth pointed bottom bottle? In fact, the treasure of the town hall here also has a relatively young object. It has a "white skin and beautiful big mouth", and it is a white-clothed faience pot.

This is also a relatively young treasure of the town hall, and it is only 8 years since it was officially excavated. In 2014, an accidental excavation of the ruins of Dahe Village brought the white-clad faience pots back to life.

In the subsequent rescue clean-up process, people were pleasantly surprised to see that the faience pieces did not exist in isolation. Professionals cleaned up the surrounding site and found that there was not just a faience pot, but a combination. After removing the dirt on the surface, the set of artifacts consisted of a clay pot with sand, a white-clothed faience pot, and a red clay bowl.

In the process of repairing the white-clothed faience pot, the small holes next to the cracks of the faience pot have attracted the attention of people in the industry. This is similar to the curium process that appeared thousands of years later, that is, when the artifact is damaged, it is spliced together by curium.

The impression of the white-clothed faience pot is large, whether it is the curvature of the mouth edge, the number of pottery pieces, or the number of clay pots, it can be called a heavy instrument.

The restored faience pot, height 15.7 cm, caliber 45.7 cm, white glaze applied throughout. According to the introduction, clay pots of such a large caliber are quite rare in the field of prehistoric excavations, especially the artifacts of the Yangshao period.

Another treasure of the town hall is the "faience double pot" unearthed in 1972, 20 cm high, clay red pottery, red and black color, the surface is full of parallel line patterns, using the principle of the connector to connect two pots with the same shape.

It is speculated that the faience double pot should be a ceremonial item, which may be a drinking utensil for tribal leaders and elders during clan alliances or major ceremonial events.

Decoration

The patterns on astronomical, mathematical, geometric, and fine clay pots are not simple

The charm of the white-clothed clay pot also lies in the mathematical elements and the wisdom of the ancestors embodied in it.

At its mouth edge, the symmetrical pattern composed of 8 groups of straight lines and the 4 groups of faience patterns composed of checkered and dot patterns on the abdomen are symmetrical and symmetrical.

It can be seen that the ancestors of Dahe Village at that time already had the concept of symmetry and equal division when drawing pottery.

According to the analysis of the ornamentation of the vessel shape, the white-clothed faience pottery pot was broken off as the early and late Yangshao culture. The lower limit of this period is 6,000 years ago, which means that at least 1,000 years before the 5,000-year history of Chinese culture, the ancestors of Dahe Village already had a preliminary understanding of geometry.

Wandering through the Dahe Village Ruins Museum, the patterns on various pottery on display leave a deep impression on visitors. If red, yellow and blue are the three primary colors of color, then white, red and black are the three primary colors of the civilization at the site of Dahe Village.

These three colors are combined into different patterns. Through these motifs, you can get a glimpse of the material and spiritual world of the people of Dahe Village at that time. The patterns are divided into these categories: flowers, birds, insects, fish patterns, astronomical astrological patterns, and other common patterns in daily life, such as hexagons, eyelashes, nets, grates, etc.

Dahe Village is also known as the "village under the stars". Sun patterns, moon patterns, sun halo patterns, comet patterns, etc., are the embodiment of astronomical knowledge observed and used by the ancestors of Dahe Village.

Unfolding the pattern of the faience bowl, you can see that there are twelve suns on the periphery, and the outer periphery of the inner circle of the sun is 24 triangles in a circle, symbolizing the light of the sun. Although it cannot be concluded from this that the prototype of the twelve months and twenty-four solar terms is speculated to indicate a more primitive conception of time such as the sun, the month, and the year.

craft

The houses here are also part of the walls of the "first room in the world" fired from pottery products

After high temperature quenching, the soil is no longer dirt, but becomes a living tool, pots and pans, and becomes a material entity of civilization.

From Yangshao culture, to Longshan culture, to Xia and Shang, the appearance and shape of pottery also tend to be diverse and delicate with the improvement of production technology.

Many of the cultural relics on display in the Dahe Village Site Museum are fired. The site of the best-preserved prehistoric residential building in The country is preserved here, and the house where the ancestors of Dahe Village lived 5,000 years ago was actually fired.

Some of the pits remain in the museum. Between the ash pits, tombs, and cellars, foundations from 5,000 years ago are clearly visible or faintly visible. The F1-4, known as the "first room in the world", still retains a complete layout, of which the north wall still has a wall more than 1 meter high.

The way it is built is typical of "wood bone plastic". In simple terms, wooden stakes are inserted into the wall, horizontal logs are bound, and reeds are added to form a wooden bone mud wall. Once the walls and floors have dried, light a barbecue indoors and outdoors.

In this way, the wall is hard, the wood bone in the wall is carbonized, and it becomes a porous moisture-proof, warm, and insulated mezzanine ceramic wall, which is "plastic". In other words, the whole house is a piece of pottery. Finally, put on the beam frame, lay grass and mud, and lay the roof.

There are many such houses within the ruins of The Great River Village. They laid the foundation for the traditional residential architecture in the north of the continent. Their appearance also marked the shift from the underground or semi-crypt way of living to the above ground.

construction

The Dahecun National Archaeological Site Park is expected to be completed by the end of this year

Dahe Bao Yu video reporter learned that as a landmark site of the origin of Chinese civilization, Dahe Village contains Yangshao culture, Longshan culture and Xia and Shang four archaeological cultures, dating back to 6800 to 3500 years, it witnessed the whole process of the budding, origin, formation and development of Chinese civilization.

The ruins of Dahe Village have a complete development context of Yangshao culture, a key period for the Chinese nation to enter the stage of civilization, and are the most wonderful part of the Yellow River culture, so it is also known as the "yardstick of Yangshao culture".

It is also an important chapter in the story of the Yellow River. How to tell the story of the ruins of Dahe Village well, so that more people can understand the wisdom and life of the ancestors? The DaheCun National Archaeological Site Park project is in full swing.

According to the relevant person of the Dahe Village Site Museum, the project planning is fully connected with the national strategy of ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin, on the one hand, it pays attention to the protection and inheritance of the Yellow River history and culture (that is, the Dahe Village Ruins and the Chinese Yangshao Culture), and on the other hand, it pays attention to the restoration and protection of the yellow river ecological environment.

The whole park is planned and laid out according to "one core (that is, the core protection and display area of the Dahe Village site)", "two nodes (that is, the Yangshao Culture Museum of China and the new courtyard of the Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology)", and "three areas (that is, the ecological wetland restoration area, the original farming planting area and the interactive leisure experience area)", with a total area of 2,400 mu and a total investment of 1.6 billion yuan.

The project officially started construction in January 2021, and at present, the ecological wetland restoration area and the original farming planting area have been basically completed, the building of the Yangshao Culture Museum in China has been partially capped, and the museum exhibition plan has been basically completed.

According to the introduction, the ontology protection and display project in the core area of the site will soon be fully launched, and the new courtyard project of the Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology has been approved by the Provincial Development and Reform Commission. According to the plan, the entire park will be completed by the end of 2022 and initially open to the public.