The long river of history is running endlessly, there are calm waves, there are also waves, let Xiaobian take you into history and understand history.
The Zuo Zhuan describes a scene in which the Wu people came to the Lu kingdom, and the Lu people asked the Wu people to enjoy the ritual music of the Zhou Dynasty. The Wu people commented on the different styles of ritual music in various princely states, whether good or bad, and at the beginning of the Wu kingdom, the Wu people did not speak.
Because this story has left an allusion to the following self-imposed, the metaphor of the literature and art of a small country that has perished is not worth commenting on. (The country has no owner.) It can last a long time. Self-contained below. No ridicule. - "The Left Biography")
So what kind of country is this country, why did it perish early, is it really just a small country? In fact, the country is far from being as simple as it seems.
【Descendants of Vulcan】
Mao Shi Zhi Zhi Yun: "The soldier of Xi Gaoxin, zhu Rong's void, the Tang Dynasty and the Zhou Dynasty, after Chongli, the surname of Yu is in its land, it is for the kingdom of Qi." "
It is said that the ruins of the Zhu Rong clan are the place where the ancestors of the Chu people are located, and it is also the origin of the princely states of the descendants of the Zhu Rong clan such as the State of Qi and Kunwu, located in the area of present-day Xinzheng, Henan.
The surname of yún (郐国妘) (yún), about the records of this princely state, the Classic Commentary says: King Wu of Zhou sealed between Ji, Luo, and Heying, as a zi.
It can be seen from this that the State of Qi was founded at the end of the Shang Dynasty and the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, and was one of the first princely states of the Western Zhou Dynasty. viscount. But in addition to this statement, there is also the view that the State of Qi existed in the Xia Dynasty. Perhaps the state of Hao has indeed been passed down for a long time, but it has entered the historical record after the Zhou Dynasty.
Such a princely state should have been unremarkable at that time, after all, in the central plains, there were too many important princely states nearby. Moreover, this country was the first to be destroyed by Zheng Guo at the beginning of the Spring and Autumn Period. It perished too early, and future generations rarely paid attention to it. However, this country has left some interesting information.
【Granary Country】
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there were many small countries. But they have a relatively common feature, that is, many princely states have a right ear knife in their names, such as Zheng, Xing, Han and so on.
In fact, these are basically two words, and the original meaning of the right ear knife is the word "邑". Take Zheng Guo, for example, which should have been read as Guan Yi. Zheng was originally used by the King of Zhou to garrison Guan Pass and defend Kyoto.
Therefore, the countries at that time were called by place names plus "邑", and then became national names. The same is true of the Kingdom of Qi today, which was originally a huiyi.
"Will" is our common word, its meaning is many, but many friends may not know what its original meaning is, in fact, we can get the original meaning of the word "will" from the oracle bone.
"Hui" was first used as the meaning of the granary, as explained in the Chinese Yuanliu Dictionary: "The lower side of the oracle bone is the warehouse body, the top of the warehouse is the top of the warehouse, and the middle is the warehouse door, and the stored grain can also be seen from the door, and the grain storage silo is used to indicate the meaning of gathering." Jin Wen added a small dot to the warehouse, and the meaning of aggregating grain storage was more clear. ”
Because the granary has the function of gathering grain, the word "will" is extended to the accompanying meaning of intersection, gathering, and so on.
And when we look back at the country of Qi, according to the original meaning of the word "hui", the country of Qi can actually be called the country of the granary.
【Central Plains Power】
In fact, it is not without reason to say that the country is a country of granaries.
Located in the Central Plains, in the eastern part of Luoyang, the position of the State of Qi is already very core. It has always been the center of communication between the east and west plains and the north and south of the Yellow River. And suitable for farming, it may be one of the first few farming areas.
It seems logical that such a region, which has both a transportation hub and a grain-producing region, should be built and owned in the name of a granary.
From another point of view, the State of Hao is also a well-deserved power in the Central Plains. We explore the homeland of the Kingdom of Qi, a princely state that died at the beginning of the Spring and Autumn Period.
We were able to find the ruins of the huge city walls left by this ancient country. Nowadays, Jiaozhai Village, the ancient city of Dafanzhuang, Quliang Township, Xinmi City, Henan Province, the ancient city wall is still naturally preserved. After more than two thousand years, the city wall is still intact and continuous; the city wall is high, six or seven meters low, fifteen or sixteen meters high, and very steep.
Although the ancient city wall of the Kingdom of Qi has been repaired and reinforced every time there is a war in the past two thousand years, every war and turmoil in the past two thousand years has not been able to destroy this ancient city wall, and the old site of the ancient city of the Western Zhou Dynasty, which is about 2 to 4 meters high, is still preserved. This can also show what kind of project was established by the State of Qi, and how thick the foundation of this project is. We can also imagine how much manpower, financial and material resources this kind of project will cost.
Chinese. There is a saying in the Zheng Yu that "Xi Zhong is dangerous". It can be seen that the city wall system of the State of Qi, in the original era, was absolutely outstanding.
And to be able to build such a magnificent project in that slave Shang Zhou era shows the strength of the country, the wealth of the country, and the reputation of the country of granaries.
【Bringing the wolf into the house】
The Chinese says: "Between Qiji, Luo, He, and Ying." It is the kingdom of his sons and men, and the qi and the qi are great. ”
In the Western Zhou Dynasty, the State of Hao and the State of Dong were called great powers in the east of Luoyang. Although this is only relative to the many small countries in the vicinity, it is also a regional power from a regional point of view.
But why did such a not weak princely state become one of the earliest vassal states to fall into the Spring and Autumn Period? This is inseparable from the introduction of wolves into the house by the Eastern And Northern States and the Chinese State.
At that time, King You's father, King Xuan of Zhou, established the State of Zheng in present-day Hua County, Shaanxi, that is, the duke of Zheng Huan, the first monarch of the State of Zheng. After King You of Zhou succeeded to the throne, Zheng Huangong sensed that the Western Zhou Dynasty was in danger, so he began to look for a way back.
So Zheng Huangong was optimistic about the he and Ying generations in the east of Luoyang. He ordered his son, the later Duke Wu of Zheng, to bribe the Kingdom of Qi and the State of Eastern Qi, and Duke Huan of Zheng held power as a contemporary of the Zhou royal family. Therefore, the State of Hao and the State of Dongguo respectively presented five cities to the State of Zheng.
It was with these ten cities that Zheng Guo migrated Zheng Guo, who was located in Guanzhong, to the Central Plains. It was also this dedication of the city that made the Kingdom of Qi and the Kingdom of Yu do something to lure the wolf into the house.
【Spring and Autumn Opening】
As King Youwang of Zhou was killed by Inuyasha, Duke Huan of Zheng died in the rebellion to protect King Youwang in the army. Duke Wu of Zheng succeeded to the throne. In the same year, King Ping of Zhou moved east to Luoyang. The Spring and Autumn period began.
Zheng Wugong, who owned ten cities, was not idle, he immediately began his own expansion path, and the first to be cut was The State of Qi.
One theory is that Lady Wujun had an adulterous affair with Zheng Wugong and sold the Kingdom of Qi, perhaps because Lady Wujun was dissatisfied with What She had done. There is also another theory that Zheng Wu used a counter-plot to pretend to bribe the meritorious generals of the State of Wu, buried his name on the altar, and secretly leaked it out, while the Emperor killed him without asking questions, and the country died in chaos.
Regardless of the truth, in the second year of the spring and autumn, the state of Qi was killed by Zheng Guo, becoming the first princely states to perish in the Spring and Autumn Period.
【Summary】
In fact, there was a reason for the demise of the State of Hao, and it is clearly recorded in the history books.
"Chinese Zheng Yu": "Uncle Yu is arrogant, and Xi Zhong is dangerous, and he has a heart of arrogance and laziness." ”
"History of the Zheng Family": "The king of The Emperor of Qi and The Emperor is greedy and profitable, and the people are not attached." ”
The Book of Poetry, Juniper Wind, and Kui Youchu also describes:
"There is a cangchu, a branch, a wovo, a joyous ignorance."
There are Cang Chu, Yi Qihua, and Wo Wo Wo. Happy homelessness.
There are Cangchu, Yi Chu, In fact, Wo wo wo. No room for fun. ”
Cangchu, now known as sheep peach, belongs to the vine family. The whole poem is to the effect that the peach grows very well in low humidity places, how envious of the peach ignorant, homeless, roomless. It means not to be exploited and oppressed by the monarch of the State of Qi.
The Kingdom of Qi may have been indeed rich and powerful, building towering walls. But the monarch of the State of Qi was extravagant and lascivious, plundering the people. No matter how strong the city walls are and no matter how strong the armor is, they cannot avoid the fate of destruction.
Well, today's sharing ends here, and we'll see you next time