Hello everyone, I am learning from history
"Twenty-three sugar melon sticky, twenty-four sweeping houses; twenty-five frozen tofu; twenty-six buy pork...", the most lively festival before the Spring Festival every year, I am afraid it will be a few years.
Every time the twenty-third, twenty-fourth and twenty-fifth days of the Waxing Moon, whether it is the south or the north, the people will spontaneously unify their actions and hold a very long-standing folk custom - sending stoves! That is, as the saying goes, "officials, three people, four boats, five families."
Why is a stove delivery treated differently? In fact, this is to blame for the class division of feudal society.
In fact, the stove was sent on the twenty-fourth day of the Waxing Moon, and the song Dynasty Fan Chengda wrote in the poem: "In the ancient tradition, on the twenty-fourth day of the Waxing Moon, the stove king wanted to say things to the heavens. “
However, at the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, every year on the twenty-third day of the Waxing Moon, the Emperor of the Qing Dynasty made a great sacrifice to the god of Vesta in Kunning Palace one day in advance, and at the same time installed the gods of heaven and earth.
Kunning Palace should prepare offerings and sacred tablets in advance, and in front of the sacred cards, incense candle offerings should be prepared, and a stove and worship mattress should be set up in the palace of Kunning Palace.
Of course, the sacrifices in the palace are much richer than those of the people, and two yellow sheep specially brought from the royal hunting ground the day before, as well as thirty-three kinds of dried fresh fructose products, should be offered. Then the palace superintendent invited the emperor to the statue and the throne of the god to perform the incense ceremony.
Since the emperor took the lead, the officials also followed the emperor in the twenty-third stove to show their identity;
And ordinary people still celebrate the twenty-fourth lunar month and send the god vesta; this is "official three people four", and "boat family five", or "beggar five, monk five"... These are the dates of the new year for the families, beggars, and monks of lower social classes than ordinary people or more special.
Because the god vesta is sacrificed by both royal officials and ordinary people, and even monks and beggars, the god of vesta has also become one of the most popular local gods in China.
But Vesta has such a big popularity, do you know the origin of Vesta? Is He Man God? Male or female? What are the stories?
Vesta sacrifice can be traced back to the ancient Shang Zhou Period, in the Zhou Dynasty, there is a saying of the Seven Gods, Vesta God is one of the Seven Gods.
Confucius also mentioned in the Analects that people at that time "preferred to the stove rather than to the O'ao, but rather to the stove." It can be seen that the belief in vesta in the Spring and Autumn period has become very common.
But who is Vesta? Is it a man or a woman?
In the "Zhou Li", it is said that the god vesta is Zhu Rong, the son of one of the five emperors!
"There is a son of the Zhao clan, Li Li, who is the god of Vesta for zhu rong." - Zhou Li
Zhu Rong is the god of fire, cooking is to burn the fire, Zhu Rong when the god of the stove is not logically wrong, right?
However, the great Confucians of later generations had different opinions in the examination, and many people believed that vesta was most likely a woman!
In the Book of Rites, it is written that "the Olympian, the sacrifice of the old woman", in the Eastern Han Dynasty, was commented by zheng xuan, the great Confucian at that time: "The old woman, the first cooker also." "It means that the name of this vesta old woman is called First Cook;
In the Tang Dynasty, the famous university scholar Kong Yingda directly said: "The old woman's sacrifice is also." ...... This sacrifice is cooked first, not to the fire god. This means that vesta is not the god of fire, but the goddess in charge of the kitchen!
In the view of Zheng Xuan and Kong Yingda, although this vesta god is a woman, she is still an "old woman". But some people directly pointed out that Vesta was a woman, or a beautiful woman!
This man's name was Sima Biao, sima yi's nephew, and also a famous historian of the Western Jin Dynasty, he was particularly fond of Zhuangzi, and recorded a small story of Qi Huangong in "Zhuangzi", when Qi Huangong asked the great sage prince of the State of Qi: "Is there any ghost in this world?" The crown prince replied, "Yes." There are ghosts called 'shoes' underwater, and ghosts in the stove called 'buns'. ”
Sima Biao wrote a commentary under this story: "Vesta, whose shape is like a beautiful woman, wearing a red robe and a famous bun." ”
Look, Vesta is a beautiful woman dressed in red, the historian Sima Biao said!
However, vesta beauty said that it has not been popular, and in the southern and northern dynasties, the folk began to have the legend of vesta god father and vesta grandmother.
At that time, the "Jingchu Chronicle", which wrote folklore, directly said: "The surname of the god of Vesta is Su Mingjili, and the female surname of Wang is Tuanjia." “
Later, some people also analyzed why the god of Vesta was called Su Jili and not Su Chang'an? One of the reasons is that "Su Jili" may be a harmonic sound of "Song Wujie", Song Wuji is the name of the fire spirit, and the folk may have heard of Su Jili, anyway, they are all fire spirits, which is not wrong.
So what does it mean for The Vesta King's grandmother to call it "cheek rolling"?
Because the literal meaning of cheek rubbing is to rub the face, take history as a personal blind guess, cook in the ancient kitchen, because the firewood smokes the eyes, come out of the kitchen to rub the face to wipe the smoked tears, maybe because of this, the vesta god grandmother called the cheek roll.
In the Tang Dynasty, the god of Vesta had another change, and Tang Lixian quoted the "Book of Miscellaneous Five Elements" as saying, "The name of the god of Vesta is Zen, the character Guo, the yellow clothes, the hair, out of the stove." It is said that vesta wears yellow clothes, and the shawl is distributed, and comes out of the stove.
However, in the same Tang Dynasty notebook novel collection "Youyang Miscellaneous Tricks", it is mentioned that the surname of the god Vesta is Zhang List, also known as Kui, the character Guo. This Zhang Shan looked like a beautiful woman, took a wife named Qingji, and gave birth to six daughters named Chaqia.
And in this record, it is mentioned that vesta has great power, if the family has committed any crime, if the problem is big, it will directly erase your 300-day lifespan, if the problem is not too big, you must also erase the 100-day lifespan!
So everyone is scrambling to use sugar melon paste on the mouth of the vesta god, no one wants to live 300 days less at once, 100 days is it, even if the vesta god is as beautiful as a beautiful woman.
Vesta is named Kui and resembles a beautiful woman. Also surnamed Zhang List, the character Guo. There are six daughters, all of whom are named Cha (one as a sacrifice). It is often the case of the white man in the heavens on the obscure day of the moon, the big one wins the discipline, the discipline is three hundred days, and the small one is calculated, and the hundred days are counted. ------------------------
The Jade Emperor's surname Zhang also comes from this work, and Zhang Shan in folklore is also arranged for the position of Vesta God because he has the same surname as the Jade Emperor.
In the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, the Zhang clan overhauled the genealogy, according to the "Genealogy of the Zhang Clan Tongzong" at that time, the ancestors of the Zhang clan can be traced back to the fifth son of the Yellow Emperor, The Duke of Zhang, because he invented the bow arrow, he was given the surname Zhang; and Zhang Dan, the eleventh grandson of zhang Hua Gong, invented the "Stove Maker" when he was in the position of "Huozheng", so he became the "Stove Jungong" that people worshipped.
The Qing Dynasty's "Original Society of Things" also said: "The Yellow Emperor made a stove, and died as a stove god." “
After reading so many vesta histories, do you think vesta is male or female?