Along with the Marquis of Wei, the Marquis of Han, and the Marquis of Zhao Jing, after annexing the Fan, Zhongxing, and Zhi clans of the Six Qings of the Jin Dynasty, they divided up the Jin royal family, and Zhou Tianzi was forced to officially crown the three families of Wei Zhao and Han as princes. The wheel of history sailed from the Spring and Autumn to the Warring States, and annexations and wars between the various princely states became more frequent. To say that the Spring and Autumn Period may be influenced by the Zhou Li, the princes may be more of a struggle for territory, the desire for status, not to kill the opponent's living forces, and in the Warring States everything is different, often participating in hundreds of thousands of people, full of battle deaths, pit killing, captives.
After the Great Shuffle of the Spring and Autumn Warring States, big fish eat small fish, and it is said that the eight hundred princes who were divided into seals in the early Western Zhou Dynasty finally did not have a few left, among them
Han, Zhao, Wei, Qi, Chu, Yan, Qin
The seven princely states stand out, which is known as the Seven Heroes of the Warring States. Talents from all over the world are emerging, and they are working hard to govern, and you sing and I appear on the stage, and each leads the way. And what we want to talk about today is not the State of Wei, which was the first hegemony of the Warring States, nor the State of Chu, which has the most extensive territory, nor the South Korea, which is bullied by others, nor the State of Qin, which swept away the Liuhe, but the State of Yan, which has a very low sense of existence.
Speaking of this Yan kingdom, it was an authentic old princely state, and it was a duke, as early as 1044 BC, after King Wu of Zhou destroyed the Shang, he divided his brother Ji Yi into Yandi, and after expanding to northern Hebei and western Liaoning, it finally formed the appearance of the early Warring States period, and its territory probably included the northern part of today's Hebei Province, Beijing Tianjin, and the southern part of Liaoning Province. Although it is said that in this position is not a place, the population is small, the cultivated land is small, and the mountains are many, but the Yan kingdom is the most authentic and noble one of the Seven Heroes of the Warring States, known as the most authentic and noble
"Eight hundred years of princely states
(
1044 BC
Year-
222 BC
years, a total of 822 years)
”
However, it is precisely because of this bitter cold land that the Yan kingdom cannot develop, the population is at least not to say, the cultivated land area is less than half of South Korea, and from the beginning of the founding of the country, it has been attacked by the northern foreign races such as Shanrong, and subject to these restrictions, of course, it is impossible to play in other countries after going south.
The participation of Yan Guo on the Central Plains stage is relatively small, so it seems that the sense of existence is relatively low, people in Korea, although they are all acting as a background, let people slaughter, but the emphasis is on participation, Yan Guo is good, simply do not have their own business, to say that the muffled voice makes a fortune, right? I haven't seen how much I've gotten richer, so which few frictions and collisions have occurred with one of the seven warring states with the weakest sense of existence? What kind of faceless things have been done?
I. Han, Wei, Zhao, Yan, and Zhongshan "Five Kingdoms Xiang Wang"
Xiang Wang, that is, the event of the princely states recognizing each other's monarchy as each other in the middle of the Warring States period, and the appearance of Xiang Wang also marked the complete disappearance of the authority of the Zhou King.
In the early Warring States period, after all, zhou tianzi still existed, and the monarchical etiquette that had been passed down for hundreds of years was not so easy to eliminate, so although the princely states at that time were ambitious, even if you used the tianzi to honor the guard, did not listen to orders, and did not pay tribute. Except for the Chu state, the state of Wu, and few people outside the country dared to usurp the line of kings. However, with the chaos of war and annexation, the situation became more complicated, the Tianzi declined, and slowly there were really few princely states that put the Son of Heaven in their eyes, and the princes also needed status to compete for hegemony, right? Why am I stronger than you, you are the king, I am the duke, I am the marquis, I am lower than you. For a time, all the nations, large and small, became kings.
First there were King Hui of Wei and King Of Qiwei "King Xiang of Xuzhou", then King Huiwen of Qin established himself as king, King Hui of Wei honored Marquis Han Wei as king, and even the second-rate countries such as Zhongshan and Song also competed to be king. So in 323 BC, under the mediation of Gongsun Yan, the kingdoms of Wei, Korea, Zhao, Yan and Zhongshan formed an alliance, and the kings of all countries were called kings to oppose the great powers of Qin, Qi, and Chu. This is also the origin of the "Five Kingdoms King". And Yan Guo showed his face in it.
Second, the Yan state cut down Qi, so that the State of Qi was almost destroyed
In 312 BC, King Yan Zhao succeeded to the throne, strengthened military training, and recruited talents, but also always wanted to avenge the qi state for taking advantage of the internal turmoil in Yan, and at this time, the state of Qi began to expand due to the annexation of the State of Song, and it attacked the State of Chu, and it attacked the Three Jins (Han Zhao Wei), and even developed to replace Zhou Tianzi. These acts caused shock in various countries, and the anti-Qi alliance was established.
In 284 BC (the thirty-second year of King Yan Zhao), King Bai Leyi of Yan Zhao, as a general, mobilized the troops of the fallen country to the south to attack Qi, and the states of Qin, Han, Zhao, and Wei also responded to the dispatch of troops, although these countries did not rule out the behavior of thunder and heavy rain, but for a time it also gave the state of Qi great pressure. Faced with such a situation, the King of Qi Tang also raised the strength of the whole country to resist, and the two sides fought a major battle on the west bank of Jishui (Jishui was one of the tributaries of the ancient Yellow River), and the Qi army was defeated and ended in a big defeat. For a time, like a piece of fat meat, it was divided up by hungry wolves, the old land of the Song state was occupied by the State of Wei, hejian (Xianxian County, Hebei Province) was occupied by the State of Zhao, and the State of Yan continued to drive south into the State of Qi.
In just five years, more than 70 cities in the State of Qi were destroyed by the momentum of decay and decay. At this time, the territory of the State of Qi was only Juju (ju county, present-day Rizhao City, Shandong) and the second capital of Jimo.
And how the State of Qi recovered the lost land after this is not discussed, this time the State of Yan united with Qin, Han, Zhao, and Wei to jointly cut qi, it can be said that it is the most powerful one of the State of Yan.
Three or two attacks on the Zhao kingdom, stealing chickens does not turn out to be a rotten rice
From 262 BC to 260 BC, the Battle of Changping between Qin and Zhao broke out, we all know that this war ended in the fiasco of the Zhao State, the vitality was seriously injured, and almost the living forces of the whole country were lost, after this defeat, the seemingly vulnerable Zhao State was looked at by the crowd, and the Yan State, a neighbor who had a good relationship with the Zhao State, also struck, in 251 BC, the State of Yan sent the State Minister li belly and the Zhao State to enter into a friendly covenant to listen to the truth, while listening to the statement that "the King of Zhao is dead and long-lived, his lonely and strong, but he can also be cut down" Began to destroy the covenant. However, after all, it was a skinny camel that was bigger than a horse, and the loss of soldiers would not be said, even the capital city was surrounded by Zhao Guolian, so he quickly sent people to negotiate peace, at the cost of cutting 5 cities, so that Zhao Guo lifted the siege of Yan Guo.
In 243 BC, the State of Zhao sent Li Mu to attack the State of Yan and seize the cities of Wusui and Fangcheng. Taking advantage of the Qin-Zhao dispute and the Zhao State to change generals (Pang Nuan replaced Lian Po), he waited for the opportunity to attack the Zhao State for the second time, and as a result, He Xin lightly attacked the enemy, led the army to advance, and was defeated by pang Nuan, the commander of the Zhao Army, and also lost his troops, and also let the Qin State profit from it and become more powerful.
4. Jing Ke stabbed the King of Qin and accelerated the fall of the Yan kingdom
In the late Warring States period, after a long period of competition among the princes, the economic and military strength of the Qin state was far superior to that of the other six kingdoms, and the image of the king was present, from 230 BC to 228 BC, after the destruction of Korea and the Zhao state successively, the soldiers pointed directly at the Yan state, and the Prince Dan of Yan, who knew that he was powerless to resist head-on, decided to make a bold attempt to assassinate the King of Qin. So there is what we know
"See the poor dagger", "The King of Qin walked around the pillar", "Wang Negative Sword" these allusions, and Jing Ke also ended in failure, leaving behind the good story of "the wind is xiaoxiao, the water is cold, and the hero will not return once he is gone", which has never been sung for eternity.
However, it was precisely because of this action that the Qin king was furious and ordered the general Wang Qi to attack the Yan state and take the capital of the Yan state, Ji, and the Yan king Xi and the crown prince Dan fled to Liaodong County, although they were not destroyed, but they were already dead in name. In 222 BC, Liaodong fell, King Xi of Yan was captured, and the State of Yan was declared extinct.
According to this point of view, the Yan kingdom has also done a lot of "bad things", but the national conditions of the poor and the small number of people have forced the Yan country to become a "lover of peace".
History is both subjective and objective, and there are many deficiencies, and I hope that everyone will correct and communicate.
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