As we all know, when Zhuge Liang was a teenager, he compared himself to Zhongle Yi.
Luo Guanzhong was obviously not satisfied with this, and in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Sima Hui was also allowed to blow up, saying that Zhuge Liang could compare Jiang Ziya in the eight hundred years of Xingzhou and Zhang Zifang in the fourth hundred years of Wanghan.
Here's the problem:
Why didn't Zhuge Liang compare himself to Jiang Ziya, Zhang Zifang, or even other ancient sages, but rather to Guan Zhongleyi?
My guess.
One is geography.
Zhuge Liang was born in Langya Yangdu, which is now called
Shandong people
。
Guan Zhong is the name of the State of Qi
, in the land of Qilu have a good reputation. His legendary reputation in Qi Di is not to be mentioned, let's talk about Lu Di.
The Chronicle of the Assassins begins with a mention of a Luguo man named Cao Mo. Qilu fought a war, and the State of Lu lost, and was forced to cut off the land and join the alliance. Cao Mo sprinkled on the spot, took a dagger and kidnapped Qi Huangong, asking him to return to the land, Qi Huangong was forced to agree, and then naturally unhappy, wanted to repent, Guan Zhong persuaded Qi Huangong:
Don't lose faith, give him the land.
I am a Ludi person, and I will also feel: Okay, Guan Zhong is interesting enough.
What about Leyi? As we all know, Le Yi led the army of King Yan Zhao, and together with the combined forces of various countries, fought the Qi kingdom to pieces;
He stayed in Yandi for five years, and there were only two cities left in the qi country
Of course, the later successor King of Yan did not believe In yi, le Yi ran away, and wrote a famous farewell letter; Tian Dan of the State of Qi won a great victory with the Fire Bull Array and revived the State of Qi.
This time, the State of Qi escaped from death, which also made them very unhappy with other countries; later, when Qin destroyed the Six Kingdoms, the State of Qi was often in a state of hilarity... Hmmm off topic.
Probably for the people of qilu land, Le Yi is really a well-known name: almost all of them helped the weak Yan and destroyed the powerful qi country! Awesome!
Zhuge Liang is from Shandong, so he deeply admires Guan Zhongleyi, probably understandable?
It is probably similar to the Cantonese liang qichao who admires his Fellow Guangdong compatriot Yuan Chonghuan; a big figure in Hunan that we are familiar with, although he has different positions, has also praised Zeng Guofan in Hunan.
In addition, Zhuge Liang likes Guan Zhong and Le Yi, which can also be seen in their fun.
Guan Zhong is a virtuous phase, but there are actually many kinds of virtuous phases. For example, Chen Shou said that Cao Cao's administration was the spell of poor Shen Shang, and said that Zhuge Liang was Guan Xiao's Yapi.
Shen is Shen is not harmful, and Shang is Shang Martingale. Guan is Guan Zhong, xiao is Xiao He. They are all virtuous, and the style is different.
We all know the style of Shang Martingale, and many of the later styles of the Qin Kingdom were laid by Shang Martingale.
Zhuge Liang corresponds to Guan Xiao, that is, Guan Zhong and Xiao He. What is the style of Guan Zhong?
Confucius said that the amount of Guan Zhong's instruments is not large, but he also said: "Micro-tube Zhong, I was sent to the left", "Huan Gong Jiuhe princes, not with military vehicles, Guan Zhong's strength also." As its benevolence. as its benevolence".
Sima Qian analyzed it and said that Guan Zhong was indeed a sage, but Confucius said that he had a small amount of instruments, probably because he felt that Guan Zhong could have let Qi Huan go to the king's way, and the result was that he was hegemonic.
But then again, the style and ideas embodied by Guan Zhong are indeed not purely Confucian.
Now there is a book called "Guan Zi", in fact, it is not written by Guan Zhong, it is generally believed to be from the hand of The Jixia Xuegong, but it also has similarities with Guan Zhong's style.
Some of the words in it are very famous, such as those we all know:
The barn is honest and knows the etiquette. Only when we have eaten enough and are materially abundant can we engage in spiritual construction.
The rule of law is also taken seriously. Like what:
"Forbidden fornication and violence is like punishment."
Who would say, is this thing a Dharmaman?
But "The Pipe" is not just a lawyer. Because the book also says:
"Punishment is not enough to intimidate him, and killing is not enough to convince his heart."
There is also a passage that is most famous:
"Etiquette, righteousness, and shame, the four dimensions of the kingdom, the four dimensions are not open, and the kingdom is destroyed."
If so, Guan Zhong's posture in the State of Qi was probably: developing the economy, abolishing the well field system, allowing land to be bought and sold, establishing a standing army, and also developing commerce.
Conceptually, it is necessary to rule the law and engage in material construction; but at the same time, it is necessary to stress credit, etiquette, righteousness, and shame.
It is necessary to talk about both the Fa and human feelings.
Guan Zhong is not a pure moral gentleman. His own morality is a little flawed. For example, the famous friendship between Guan Bao, the friendship between Guan Zhong and Bao Shuya.
When he was young, Guan Zhong's family was very poor and he had to support his mother. Bao Shuya knew about it, so he looked for Guan Zhong to do business together. When doing business, because Guan Zhong has no money, almost all the capital is invested by Bao Shuya. However, when he made money, Guan Zhong's dividends were more than Bao Shuya's, but Bao Shuya didn't care, he knew that Guan Zhong's family was poor.
Then the two of them went to war together, and Guan Zhong hid in the back. Bao Shuya didn't care, saying that the audience should take care of the old mother.
So Guan Zhong said, the parents of those who gave birth to me, and Bao Shuya, who knows me.
Later, Guan Zhong almost shot the Duke of Qi Huan who had not yet taken over, and it was Bao Shuya and Qi Huangong who recommended Guan Zhong. It is said that it is a great grace. But before Guan Zhong himself died, he said that Bao Shuya was not suitable to be the prime minister: he was too perfect and innocent to tolerate villains, or he was good friends.
Probably Guan Zhong is a relatively practical person who does practical things, does not have a high moral slogan, does not follow the flow, and his brain is very clear.
And Leyi? As we all know, he is actually a
Zonghengjia
Style of talent. Being able to lead all countries to fight the State of Qi together and almost destroying the State of Qi is a talent for foreign affairs and internal affairs and military grasping, but it is not a Confucian student who talks about it.
Zhuge Liang compared himself to Guan Leyi, probably admiring these two postures - in fact, Guan Zhong and Le Yi's style of doing things was later reflected in Zhuge Liang himself.
When Duke Huan of Qi was in power, a virgin called Xiao Chenji, and Duke Huan went
Saw three times
, did not see. Huan Gong said:
"I have heard that the clothed man is not a gentleman, and there is no lord who is easy to multiply; the lord of the ten thousand multiplications is not benevolent, nor is there a man of cloth below."
So I went five times before I saw this sage. It shows that Duke Huan of Qi is indeed a monarch who attaches importance to talents.
Zhuge Liang compared himself to Guan Zhong, and he also hoped to meet a Qi Huan Gong, right?
It turned out that Liu Bei was
Three Gu Maolu
, put Zhuge Liang out. When you see Zhuge Liang, like a fish in the water, everything listens to you!
Liu Bei was later defeated by Dangyang, and the situation was critical.
Zhuge Liang said, "Matters are urgent, please be ordered to ask for help from General Sun!" "The matter is urgent, please let me go to Sun Quan for help!" So Zhuge Liang went to make an alliance with Sun Quan, and Sun Liu joined forces to break Cao Cao in the Battle of Chibi.
-----------------
Later, Liu Bei ascended the throne, and Zhuge Liang became the prime minister. Finally, like Guan Zhongleyi, he became the most trusted person of the king. Support the weak and small country, and be the lord of one party, and be satisfied.
Zhuge Liang later died, bowing down and dying.
Chen Shou said that Zhuge Liangzhi was a xiangguoye, "to care for the people, to show etiquette, to covenant official duties, to obey the system of power, to be open-minded, and to preach justice; those who are loyal and beneficial will be rewarded although they are hateful, those who break the law and slacken off will be punished, those who serve crimes and lose affection will be released, those who are skillful in their words will be killed even if they are light; good is not rewarded, evil is not delicate and degraded; things are refined, physically, according to the name, and honest, hypocrisy is not despised; finally within the state, salty and afraid and love,
Those who have no grievances in the criminal government, although they are harsh, advise Mingya with their peace of mind
。 ”
Notice here:
The criminal law is harsh but fair, and exhortations are clear, so everyone is convinced. That is where the rule of law combines education.
There is actually a hidden correspondence with "Forbidden fornication and Stopping Violence" in "Guan Zi", "Punishment is not enough to threaten his will, and killing is not enough to serve his heart".
Not only did Chen Shou say that Zhuge Liang was in charge of Xiao Yapi, but later Fang Xuanling of the Tang Dynasty said:
"To the point of view
smooth
I
Body benevolence, can be small country,
Kong Ming
Practice righteousness, good Yi Xinbang, care for affairs, or so on. ”
Yiwu is Guan Zhong.
Thinking in this way, when Zhuge Liang was young, he compared himself to Zhongle Yi, wanted to become a good prime minister who practiced the rule of law and combined etiquette, righteousness, and shame, and also wanted to become a genius and a monarch who appreciated himself.
As a result, he really met, and Liu Bei was really like the Duke of Qi Huan to Guan Zhong, and the King of Yan Zhao to Le Yi.
Okay, then bow down and die.
Finally, even Fang Xuanling of the Tang Dynasty compared Zhuge Liang and Guan Zhong in one sentence.
Like Zhuge Liang, self-comparison guan Zhongleyi, the final life, everywhere reflects Guan Zhongleyi,
This is called asking for mercy.
Of course, after the death of King Yan Zhao, Le Yi was suspected by the successor King of Yan; Guan Zhong advised Qi Huan gong not to use a group of villains before his death, and Qi Huan gong did not listen, and it took less than two years to finish.
After Zhuge Liang bowed down and died, after his death, Jiang Wanfei was reused, and Ji Han was the only country in the Three Kingdoms that did not have civil strife and abolition, which was also a better place for him than Guan Zhongleyi.
One last little coincidence.
King Yan Zhao credited Leyi and crossed the Country of Qi. Le Yi stayed in the State of Qi for five years.
At that time, some people came in to spread rumors, saying that Le Yi did not want to work for King Yan Zhao, but wanted to be the King of Qi.
King Yan Zhao immediately cut into the slanders and sent emissaries
Feng Leyi as King of Qi:
You say he's going to stand on his own feet as king of Qi? What if I let him be the King of Qi?
Le Yi was grateful for the resignation. We do this to each other.
Liu Beisan asked Zhuge Liang to come out, thinking that it was like a fish in the water. When the White Emperor's city was entrusted with loneliness, he entrusted it to the emperor and even said it."
You can take it upon yourself
”。 With Yan Zhao's King Li Leyi as the King of Qi, the same thing.
King Yan Zhao. Liu Bei Zhaolie.
The light is clear, can be on the sun and the moon, is for the show.
Liu Bei youzhou Zhuo County people, the land of the old Yan is also.
When Zhuge Liang was young, he compared himself to LeYi, and finally like Leyi, he was born in Yandi and became a monarch who was clearly sincere.
Providence.