"Sorrow is not chaotic, and Tao Strategy is a natural rule of all nations." The eldest son of King Ji Chang of Zhou Wen was killed by King Huan, and Ji Chang did not rush to cut down the silk because of a moment of grief and anger, but recruited a wide range of talents, agreed on a series of battle strategies, and only when there was great certainty was that the army would be raised to cut down the silk. In the end, Ji Chang, the King of Zhou Wen, opened a new chapter in history and established a brilliant and long-lasting Zhou Dynasty.
Only at the beginning of the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty, the Zhou royal family and their ministers sowed a "big lie", which played a great role in the original Zhou Dynasty, but it harmed the Zhou Tianzi in later generations, and even became an important factor in the decline of the Zhou Dynasty.
The birth of the doctrine of providence
After Ji Chang decided to attack the Shang Dynasty in the film and television drama, he heard that Jiang Ziya knew the Mandate of Heaven and geography, so he went to ask Jiang Ziya to be his own minister. So Ji Chang brought his wife Tai Ji and his second son Ji Fa and the ministers to invite Jiang Ziya, Jiang Ziya sat in the carriage and let Ji Chang pull it alone, Ji Chang pulled the carriage hard, and Tai Ji and Ji Fa rushed to prepare to pull the cart, but they were all rejected by King Wen on the grounds of showing determination.
Although the crowd was very confused, Ji Chang did not have any dissatisfaction, and could only accompany him all the time. Ji Chang walked hard for eight hundred steps and finally became exhausted, carefully parked the carriage and asked Jiang Ziya to get off. After Jiang Ziya got out of the car, he slowly and leisurely said, "King Wen pulled the car eight hundred steps, and the Zhou Dynasty has been in the world for eight hundred years", and everyone present understood the reason.
In fact, Jiang Ziya did not know the past and the future, and he did not know that Ji Chang would dominate the world so early. And the kings who knew the Destiny of Heaven to assist the Heavenly Destiny were all descriptions of the later generations after they deified him.
In addition to Jiang Ziya, Ji Chang also recruited many powerful figures, not only that, but also many heroes took the initiative to defect themselves. After a large number of troop training and battle strategy consultations, seeing the people's resentment boiling, Ji Chang knew that the time had come, and he waved his division to cut down the silk, and the momentum was like a broken bamboo. Eventually, the Shang Dynasty was destroyed, Emperor Xin of the Sui Dynasty set himself on fire in the palace, and the Zhou Dynasty came into being.
The establishment of the Zhou Dynasty is the end of an era, but also the beginning of a new era, the Zhou royal family is facing many problems, the most important of which is to stabilize the people's hearts and win the trust and support of the people.
Although the revival of the army and the cutting of the silk are in line with the will of the people, no matter how to say that the Zhou royal family is the Marquis sitting on the throne, it is inevitable that other Marquis will not obey, and it is inevitable that the people will not recognize it. After much thought, the Zhou royal family and the ministers finally came up with an extremely useful method, that is, the "Doctrine of Mandate of Heaven" that accompanied the thinking of the entire Zhou Dynasty -----.
The so-called Mandate of Heaven theory refers to the rulers of the Zhou Dynasty as "chosen people", that is, "Zhou Tianzi", and the decisions made by Zhou Tianzi are the will of heaven. In this way, whether it is to attack the Shang Dynasty or establish a new government, it is reasonable and legal.
Although, now it seems that this statement is simply absurd, and no one will believe it. However, in the society at that time, science and technology were not developed, and the people believed in gods, so they were naturally convinced of such a statement. At the same time, the Zhou royal family often held various grand sacrifice ceremonies to convince the people that they could communicate with the gods, and through the doctrine of mandate of heaven, the rule of the Zhou royal family was stabilized to a certain extent.
Although the Zhou Dynasty abolished many of the systems of the Shang Dynasty, it inherited and followed the etiquette system of the Shang Dynasty, that is, the "Zhou Cause is yin li" mentioned in the Analects, which can be seen that King Wen of Zhou knew how to flexibly use the experience of his predecessors, take its essence to remove its dross, and then introduce new ones to make it suitable for the Zhou Dynasty.
King Wen of Zhou passed down the doctrine of mandate of Heaven and courtesy applicable to the ruling stage at that time, in fact, it was still of great help to future generations, King Cheng of Zhou and King Kang had the "rule of Cheng Kang" during their reign, and consolidated the rule of the Zhou Dynasty in a series of ways, and the later King Zhou Zhao and King Mu of Zhou were even more brazen and thorny, expanding the territory of the Zhou Dynasty all the way, and the rule of the Zhou Dynasty reached its peak.
Blind trust in the doctrine of providence
Although the emergence of the Doctrine of Mandate of Heaven facilitated the rule of the Zhou royal family and was a major help for the Zhou Dynasty to prosper, after all, the times will progress, and the king's ideological consciousness will also be improved, and it is obvious that the later Zhou Tianzi did not notice this.
During the reign of King Li of Zhou, when he encountered Rong Di repeatedly violating the border, King Li of Zhou did not think about how to resist Rong Di, but stubbornly believed that he was the chosen king of Heaven, and no matter how his status would not be affected. At the same time, when he learned that some of the people in the country were panicked and discussed the matter, he actually ordered the massacre of all the people of these countries.
Because the people of the country already had the right to participate in politics, they were treated in this way, and they were naturally quite dissatisfied with the tyranny of King Zhou Li, and the people of the country finally could not bear it, organized an uprising, and rushed into the palace with agricultural tools in hand to prepare to kill King Zhou Li. When King Li of Zhou learned the news, he was helpless, and wanted to dispatch troops but found that his army came from the countrymen, and finally had no choice but to flee hojing, which is called "the rebellion of the countrymen".
After this rebellion, the Zhou royal family should understand that the people are the foundation and adjust the core of the rule in a timely manner. However, the successive Zhou kings of later generations still did not make changes, still continued the legacy of their ancestors, and implemented the "Theory of Mandate of Heaven" to the end. With the succession of The Last King of Western Zhou, King Zhou You, the "Doctrine of Mandate of Heaven" was completely broken.
The doctrine of providence was completely broken
After King Zhou You succeeded to the throne, in order to win the favored concubines, he did not hesitate to play the princes with fire, and the pet concubines laughed at a hundred peanuts, but the princes no longer trusted Zhou Tianzi. After the catastrophe came, king Youwang of Zhou lit the wolf smoke again but no one came to support, and finally died on the battlefield, and Western Zhou was also destroyed.
After entering the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the princely states gradually developed and prospered, and the Zhou Tianzi became more and more formalized, losing the momentum of the king in the early Zhou Dynasty. Although the princes had lost their reverence for Zhou Tianzi, they did not dare to openly disrespect Zhou Tianzi because of the etiquette system, but the more powerful princely states would still have acts of not paying tribute, in order to challenge the authority of Zhou Tianzi.
Among the many vassal states that did not pay tribute, Zheng Guo was one of them, as a relatively powerful country at that time, Zheng Guo was proud of his military achievements and arrogance, not only forcibly occupying the cities and pools of the Zhou Dynasty, but also attacking the Song Dynasty under the guise of Zhou Tianzi.
Zhou Tianzi saw that Zheng Guo was fierce and wanted to suppress it, so he began to raise troops to attack Zheng Guo, but Zheng Guo had been fighting for many years, and the soldiers were brave and good at war, but the Zhou Dynasty had not been in war for many years, and had been defeated and retreated, and finally failed to save face. Not only that, Zhou Tianzi was even injured because of this, and had no choice but to flee.
After losing the war with Zheng Guo, it is conceivable that the image of Zhou Tianzi, who succeeded to the throne after that, was not only often pulled by the princely states to be an "image spokesman", but also reduced to the horse ass of the princes.
When the State of Qi dominated the princely states, the princes were allied, the Duke of Qi Huan took office as the lord of the alliance, and Zhou Tianzi also sent people to congratulate him. After the Jin Dynasty became hegemonic, it was rumored that Zhou Tianzi went to participate in the alliance, and the Jin State developed militarily, and Zhou Tianzi had to be at his mercy and did not dare to resist.
For the Zhou Dynasty, the "Mandate of Heaven" was an important means of rule, and the primogeniture system also well maintained the Doctrine of Mandate of Heaven. Zhou Tianzi and the princes were passed down from generation to generation, and the pure blood line was a great weapon to protect the legitimacy of the rule. Only in 386 BC, the monarch of the State of Qi, which was originally hereditary by the descendants of Taigong Jiang, was inherited by Tian He, and since then the monarch of the State of Qi has been hereditary by the Tian clan.
The original titles of the same lineage were now arbitrarily changed, but Zhou Tianzi nodded and recognized the status of the Tian clan. This move directly shook the "Mandate of Heaven" and led to a serious breach of the legitimacy of the rule, after which Zhou Tianzi was completely reduced to a puppet of the great power struggle for hegemony. During the Seven Kingdoms struggle for hegemony, Zhou Tianzi seemed to have been forgotten, until 249 BC, when the Qin state destroyed the Zhou Dynasty, and the Zhou Dynasty, which lasted the longest in history, officially withdrew from the historical stage.
summary
Looking at the entire Zhou Dynasty, the initial "Mandate of Heaven" did bring a huge help to the rulers of the Zhou Dynasty, making the rule of Zhou Tianzi complicated and simplified. It is just that the later Zhou Tianzi did not keep the Doctrine of Mandate of Heaven with the times, but did not think of making progress, believing that he was destined for himself, and no matter what, he would have an absolute dominance, resulting in the demise of the Zhou Dynasty.
No matter what kind of ruler, blindly self-conscious, treating the people as grass and mustard, and eventually helpless like a big ship stranded on the beach. The army lacks sufficient means, but does not want to reform in time, but relies too much on divination, believing that the so-called Mandate of Heaven and going to destruction is foreseeable.
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