Six poems of the First Moon Order: cold green wind produces short silk, and the flower bud willow line is shallow in spring
The first month of the lunar calendar originally did not refer to the first month of the lunar calendar, but to the first month of the first year of the establishment of the pre-Han dynasty. For example, it is said that the Xia Dynasty was founded by the month of Meng Chunyin (the first month of the lunar calendar), the Shang Dynasty was the month of Jianugou (december of the lunar calendar) as the first month, the Zhou Dynasty took the month of Jianzi (november of the lunar calendar), and the Tenth Month of the Qin Dynasty lunar calendar was the first month.
After the Han Dynasty, the first month refers to the lunar month, and then various dynasties change, no matter what year and month they are founded, the first month is retained as the name of the first month of the lunar calendar, without change, which is the Han Dynasty more than 400 years of great unification of the country, leaving a rich legacy of history and folklore.
Regarding the first month, it is the January of the lunar calendar, the early spring of the season. This is an important time for the return of spring.
Although the first month of the Zhou Dynasty was not the first month of the lunar calendar, the month of Mengchun had an important imperial spring ceremony.
"It's the month also. Yi Lichun. Three days of spring. The Son of The Great Prophet. say. A certain Hitachi Haru. Sidley in wood. The Son of Heaven is Qi. Spring Day. The Son of Heaven is the Third Duke. JIU Qing. seigneur. doctor. To welcome spring in the eastern suburbs. Also anti. Reward the Princes of the Princes in the Dynasty. ”
"Tianzi lives on the left side of Qingyang. By Luan Road. Driving The Dragon. ZaiQingqi. Yi Qingyi. Yukura. Wheat and sheep. Its apparatus is sparse." Han Dynasty Dai Sheng", "Etiquette, Moon Order"
The Han Dynasty Dai Sheng's "Book of Rites" refers to the written historical materials left over from the pre-Qin Dynasty and records the important spring festival of the Zhou Dynasty Tianzi in the first month.
This month, there was the Spring Festival, and for three days, the historian met with the Son of Heaven and told him that three days later, the role of the Son of Heaven was to use virtue to influence the growth and operation of all things. Then on the day of the Spring Festival, Tianzi led the Three Dukes and Nine Qing Wenwu Hundred Officials to set up an altar in the eastern suburbs of the capital to welcome the Spring Festival, and when they returned, they would give a feast to the Hundred Officials. And on that day, the Son of Heaven will wear green clothes, use a green flag, use a green horse, sit on the left side of the chariot, and when he reaches the altar, he will present wheat and mutton with a high-grade sacrificial vessel, write out the table of sacrifices, and go up to the heavens.
So what is the monthly order? The moon order is an ancient genre of writing that records the characteristics of the important sacrifices and seasons of each month.
"Meng Chun Moon. Day in the barracks.
Dim Ginseng. Dan tail in.
Its Day A B. Its Emperor Dahao. Its divine sentence mang
Its insect scales. Its sound angle.
East Wind Thaw. The stinging worm begins to vibrate.
Fish on ice. Otter sacrifice fish. Hongyan came." Etiquette "Moon Ling Meng Chun"
This is a lunar decree that records the celestial signs and phenology of the first month of the lunar calendar in the Zhou Dynasty.
This month, the sun runs during the day at the position of the "barracks" star.
In the evening, you can see the stars rising, and in the morning, you can see the tail star in the middle of the sky.
This month the sun is in the direction of The East A and B, the god in charge of the sun is Fuxi, and the god in charge of spring is Gu Mang.
This month, the scaled fish begin to come alive, and the corresponding music is the horn sound of spring.
Contemporary people certainly don't know what the above gods and gods are talking about, but if you were born in that era, you would distinguish the stars and know the names of the stars, which are all solved, nothing more than Meng Chun, in which direction the sun and stars are, and which gods protect the world.
Then the most vital description of phenology comes.
This month the east wind will blow away the frozen river land, and the lurking insects and snakes will crawl out, especially small insects will grow wings.
The fish in the river have jumped impatiently out of the river that has not yet completely thawed, the otters have begun to catch small fish in the river, and the geese in the south will fly back to the north.
This is the change in nature that is closest to what people can feel, and although it has been thousands of years, it still has regularity and vitality.
Among them, "the east wind thaws, the sting begins to vibrate, and the fish is negative ice" is included in the traditional Spring Festival three weathers of the first month, which has been circulated to this day
"Otter sacrifice fish; hong geese come; grass and trees sprout" have been incorporated into the three seasons of the traditional rainy season of the new month, and still have a visible and perceptible literary charm.
"The Emperor is in heaven. Shine on the soil.
The Spirit of the Gathering Place. Rain and rain.
Creatures grow in groups. Play their proper role.
Ancient and modern. Wei Yu a person worships the Emperor Of Heaven.
Thin soil. The God of Heaven.
Boom and bust. ShuHui Hundred Things.
No one. Both peaceful and peaceful.
Wei Yu a person worships the spirit of the earth
A certain month of a certain year.
Bright light up and down. Diligent in the four directions.
Side by as Mumu. Only one person is given a certain worship to greet the suburbs.
Greet the sun on the first day of the new moon in the eastern suburbs. "Han Dynasty Sacrifice Words"
Although this poem is said to be the sacrifice word written by the Zhou Dynasty's Taizhu and written, it can be known that this is the Spring Festival Sacrifice of the Emperor of the First Moon of the Han Dynasty. Because the first month of the Zhou Dynasty was in the eleventh month of the lunar calendar, there should be an important winter solstice festival held in the southern suburbs. And most of the winter sacrifices are related to the snow harvest year.
And in this poem, it is written to let the sweet rain come and let all things grow.
Please send down a sweet spring rain, so that all kinds of beings can have their own place, each flourishing, and growing peacefully. The emperor prayed three times and paid three respects, and he was extremely devout.
He is the Son of Heaven and the representative of all spirits, and he said three times, "To one person", which is the emperor's exclusive permission to communicate with the gods, lonely and luxurious. The next ones can only be foils, and the grand ceremonies are all mu mu.
But if you want to believe it, such a ceremony is indeed mysterious and gorgeous, as if there are really gods communicating with the Lonely Wind Emperor.
Well, for your pious sake, this year will make you and your land smooth.
These are all illustrations of the importance of the ancient New Year for agricultural countries. But it is also a little thicker, let's go back to the folk and look at those poems that belong to the first month of life.
"The spring breeze is still depressed. Gone as new as ever.
Painstaking. Fold the willows.
Sorrow filled the stomach. The history is uncountable. Wei Jin · Anonymous "Thirteen Songs of the Moon Festival Folding Willows", one of the first song of the first month
The Southern and Northern Dynasties were an era of prosperity for folk songs. After experiencing war and chaos, the country is divided, and ordinary people care more about the safety of life and family.
But in order to live, many people have to travel far, toil in other places, frequent wars, and years of no return.
The spring breeze of the first month is still so cold, and everything is still depressed.
Bid farewell to last year and welcome the Chinese New Year.
However, the sorrow in my heart did not accumulate overnight, nor could it return in winter and spring.
I folded the willows of early spring, and the worries and worries haunted my heart, and I couldn't count them, I couldn't say it.
It must be the lover in the distance, the voice is not clear, the new year is over, he has no news, no figure.
Spring is coming, my beloved, where are you, what have you been through, life or death?
This is not idleness, but pathos. Although there are countless poems of hurt and parting in later generations, none of them are desolate, because behind them is not a change of heart, but life and death. In the chaotic world of life dancing lightly, the spring is colder than the winter cold.
Fold the willows, the floating clouds cover the day, and the wanderer will not return.
"On the first day of the month, I went upstairs to welcome the spring return, and the dark yellow willow palace leaked late."
Thin and light mist play wild posture, cold green wind short silk.
Jin Bed Xiao Yu muscles are cold, and the face is not open to the morning.
The willow belt of the official street is unbearable, and the calamus is victorious in the morning and evening. Zhongtang · Li He", "Henan Province Test December Musical Words (and Leap Month) Its First Month"
Li He of the Tang Dynasty was known as a "ghost talent". This is the provincial examination, that is, the examination of the person, requiring the writing of the december monthly order.
At first glance, this poem is nothing, and in the first month, the court women climbed the tall buildings to greet the spring and saw the scenery.
But this poem is readable. It is written about the gradual budding and change of the willows in the first month, the expectations of court women.
For example, on the first day of the first month, the willow tree is written on the spring or yuanzheng day, when the willow tree is only hazy and yellow, and the woman stands upstairs almost until dusk.
The second was another early spring morning, and the willows outside the palace walls were seen alive in the morning smoke, and they had already emitted short green branches, and swayed in the wind, with willow buds.
The last paragraph writes that the third time I went upstairs to the palace wall willow, the short filament became filament, but the leaves were still small, but at this time there were calamus by the river that had grown and could be knotted with soft flowers and grass. Then the willow tree will soon be the most beautiful time in February when the spring breeze is like scissors.
The first month is often between 6979, which is the season of early spring willow germination.
Li He wrote about the thin cold of the first month and the changes of the willow trees by watching the willows, taking care of the feelings and moods of women looking forward to spring.
At this time, spring is still early, and spring is still small, like the budding and expectation of a young girl.
"The new sun is born in the first month." The flower bud willow line is still shallow in spring.
The curtain is half-folded. Pool ice pan.
The east wind blows water and the glass is soft.
Gradually wake up drunk eyes by the column. Long Mei fell darkly to Fang Ying.
The first day is known to be a long line. Short night.
Dream soul how nai zhu palace far away. Northern Song Dynasty · Ouyang Xiu,"Fisherman's Pride Part 1"
The Northern Song Dynasty master Ouyang Xiu also wrote the moon order with the title of December. This bright atmosphere is fresh and beautiful.
The sun of the first month shines on the rhythm of the jade that responds, which is a symbol of the coming of spring.
You see the flowers are budding, the willows are silky, and the spring is still small and shallow.
The windows of thousands of households are open to welcome the spring breeze, but the curtains are half rolled, because at this time it is half cold and half warm, and the ice in the pool has just thawed.
The ice in the pool has just thawed, the spring wind blows a pool of spring water, the glass-like lake surface, where there is no ice, a fine water streak, continues to melt the spring ice, the water surface is as crystal clear and lovely as soft glass.
At this time, drinkers like to stand by the railing and blow the wind to sober up the wine, blowing the noodles and not chilling the willow wind.
Only at this time, the peach blossoms are not blooming, and the plum blossoms are gradually blooming and falling, and the flowers and snow are fluttering.
We know that spring comes in the first month, and every day the sun will delay a glimmer of time, the day will become longer, and the night will become shorter.
I love plum blossoms, such a short night, how can I dream about it safely?
This is to write about the beauty of early spring phenology, the river thawing, the willow trees are light, and the plum blossoms are blooming, the language is easy and fresh, and the fresh beauty of the early spring first moon is written.
"The first turn of the moon. Golden knife scissors kung fu different.
Called QingGaotang huan childish. Look at Willow.
From the east to the spring breeze.
Fourteen new toads have not yet been rounded. Red light test in front of the building at first glance.
The ice scattered green pond spring is fine. Fish want to play.
The garden is already flower weather. Northern Song Dynasty · Ouyang Xiu fisherman pride
In the words of the first month of this song, it emphasizes the correspondence between the three major human worlds and the scenery in the first month of the new year.
At the beginning of the first month, it is the spring of the New Year, every household moves scissors, cuts the ribbon flowers in the spring, the high church pays homage to the New Year, the children welcome the new, and there is a jubilation.
At this time, the willow tree has not yet sprouted, but the spring wind is weeping willows, a kind of spring wind, swaying in thousands.
By the fourteenth day of the first month, the moon was not yet round, and the human world had begun to pilot the red lantern before the Lantern Festival.
The bustle of the human world has also led to the spring mood of the garden, and the swimming fish in the pool have begun to swim happily in the spring water.
Although the plum blossoms have withered and the peaches and plums have not yet bloomed, the lanterns in the world are full of spring, the flowers and branches on people's heads are displayed, and the gardens are decorated with fire trees and silver flowers, which has long been the atmosphere of spring.
This is the early spring of the first month, from the ancient imperial sacrifices to the folk New Year, welcoming the spring and stepping on the spring, all of which bless this fresh early spring and bring hope and prosperity. You should also write a poem of the first month to welcome and bless this most beautiful early spring.
Hatsuyoshi Katsuyuki interprets the love and beauty in the poems for you. Image from the web.