Sima Yiyi lived for 72 years and was an absolute long-lived old man in the Three Kingdoms era. He successively sent away three generations of Cao Cao, Cao Pi, and Cao Rui's grandchildren, and finally firmly grasped Cao Wei's power in his own hands, preparing all the necessary conditions for his sons and grandsons to change dynasties.
Sima Yi had been a Wei chancellor all his life, and although Cao Wei died at the hands of his children and grandchildren, he himself really made many contributions to Cao Wei. For example, he captured Meng Da, repeatedly resisted Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition, and destroyed Gongsun Kang, who established himself as the King of Yan. This series of credits also allowed him to be affirmed by future generations.
But Sima Yi himself did not expect that a seemingly inconspicuous thing he did would leave a disaster in China for thousands of years. This matter must start from the Gongsun family that divided Liaodong.
"At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was divided into three kingdoms", saying that it was three kingdoms, but in fact it was four kingdoms, because there was also the Gongsun family that divided Liaodong. It should be pointed out that the Gongsun family mentioned here is not Gongsun Zan, who was defeated by Yuan Shao at the end of the Han Dynasty, but Gongsun Du. There is no relationship between the two other than the same surname. According to the records of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Gongsun Zan was from Hebei and Gongsun Du was from Liaoning.
If there is a relationship, it is a relationship of "five hundred years ago". Gongsun Du's origins can also be regarded as "heroes created by the times", he was just a small official in his early years, and became the Taishou of Liaodong after being recommended to Dong Zhuo by his fellow villagers. With his own territory, Gongsun Du began to operate with his heart.
The so-called "chaotic world needs to use heavy codes", he severely punished the law, cracked down on the powerful, let the Liaodong order the administration, and his wings were also plumped. After Dong Zhuo rebelled, the princes of the Central Plains seemed to have forgotten that there was still a Gongsun Du in Liaodong, so he took this opportunity to stand on his own. Gongsun Du was very clever, neither as a king nor an emperor, but only gave himself the title of Marquis of Liaodong and Mu of Pingzhou.
But this move is significant, it means that Gongsun Du is no longer simply a Han chen, he has his own political power. Taking advantage of the chaos in the world, Gongsun Du attacked Goguryeo in the east, Wuhuan in the west, liaodong peninsula in the south, and jiaodong peninsula in the north.
After Gongsun Du opened up the territory and expanded the territory, he recruited talents and scholars, and the displaced people who entered the country were also appeased and used by him, and at this time, Liaodong became an independent small kingdom. In the ninth year of Jian'an (204), Gongsun Du died of illness, and his eldest son Gongsun Kang succeeded him to the throne. Later, Yuan Shao's sons Yuan Shang and Yuan Xi were defeated and surrendered, and the two wanted to commit misdeeds, so Gongsun Kang offered the first rank of the two to Cao Cao.
Because he helped Cao Cao eliminate the remnants of Yuan Shao's forces, Cao Cao paid tribute to Gongsun Kang as a general of the Left and marquis of Xiangping in the name of the Han Dynasty. Gongsun Kang knew that he could not oppose Cao Cao, so he bullied other ethnic groups and regimes around him like his father.
Goguryeo, which was destroyed by Emperor Gaozong of Tang, already existed in the Liaodong region at this time. In the fourteenth year of Jian'an (209), Gongsun Kang defeated Goguryeo and invaded its capital in one fell swoop. The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, Wei Shu, Karasuma Xianbei Dongyi Biography says: "At the end of Huan and Ling, Han Tao was strong, the counties could not be controlled, and the people flowed into Korea", and the powerful "Han Tao" here was also defeated by Gongsun Kang, and fang county was also placed in its land.
After Gongsun Kang's death, because his two sons were still young, he passed the throne to his younger brother Gongsun Gong. In the era of father's death and son's succession, Gongsun Gong's succession was destined to be hidden dangers. And Gongsun Gong himself also lost his fertility due to illness.
Gongsun Gong had no successor, and his position after his death naturally returned to the hands of the eldest brother's son. In the second year of Taihe (228), his nephew Gongsun Yuan had grown up, and under his persecution, power changed hands. However, Cao Wei did not object to this matter, but did do a shunshui favor: He worshiped Gongsun Yuan as the general of Yang Lie and the Taishou of Liaodong.
In order to win over foreign aid and facilitate Sun Quan's marriage, Sun Quan crowned him as the King of Yan. Obviously, both the Wei and Wu families gave honorary titles. In the first year of the Jing Dynasty (237), the Wei Ming Emperor Cao Rui sent envoys to recruit Gongsun Yuan into the dynasty.
There must have been no return to this trip, and Gongsun Yuan sent an army to attack Youzhou's assassin Shi Yiqiu Jian, and won the victory. Originally, Liaodong and Cao Wei did not belong to each other, and calling Cao Wei a vassal was only a stopgap measure for the Gongsun family. After defeating Yuqiu Jian, Gongsun Yuan tore his face with Cao Wei and simply established himself as the King of Yan, and also Built Yuan "Shao Han", with hundreds of officials and divisions.
In the first month of the following year, Cao Rui sent Sima Yi to lead a 40,000-strong eastern expedition against Gongsun Yuan. After the heavy rain stopped, the Wei army had surrounded Xiangping and launched a fierce attack. Due to Sima Yi's abundant grain and grass, and the Yan army was short of grain and grass, Gongsun Yuan already had generals under him who began to surrender.
Gongsun Yuan was cornered and prepared to surrender, but Sima Yi did not allow it. Gongsun Yuan had no choice but to break through, and Sima Yi sent troops to attack, and Gongsun Yuan was killed on the spot. After defeating Gongsun Yuan's forces, Sima Yi did something common in the Three Kingdoms—slaughtering the city. Sima Yi slaughtered more than 7,000 men over the age of 15, beheaded more than 2,000 civilian and military generals appointed by Gongsun Yuan, and incorporated the remaining 40,000 or so households into Wei Min. Sima Yi's slaughter of the city was indeed not a glorious thing, but in terms of the number of people killed, Sima Yi was not worth mentioning in front of Cao Cao.
The Book of later Han says: "In the fourth year of Chuping, Cao Cao ... Over the tugging, The Tomb, and the Summer Hills were all slaughtered. Whoever kills hundreds of thousands of men and women, there are no chickens and dogs left, and Surabaya does not flow. ”
The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms says: "Qian will Cao Bao and Liu Beitun Tandong, and want Taizu." Taizu broke through it, so he attacked and pulled out Xiang Ben, and he was killed by too much. ”
Sima Yi followed the example of his predecessors and used the simplest and most rude time to solve the Liaodong problem that had plagued Cao Wei for decades, which could not be said to be without merit. However, unlike the influence of Cao Cao's previous Tucheng, it seems to be once and for all, but it has influenced future generations for more than a thousand years.
From Gongsun Du to Gongsun Yuan, the Gongsun family has been the most powerful presence in the Liaodong region for four generations. Not only that, the Gongsun family always suppressed the surrounding ethnic minorities: the first Gongsun Du defeated Wuhuan and defeated Goguryeo; the second Gongsun Kang attacked the goguryeo capital and defeated Han Tao; the third Gongsun Gong and the fourth Gongsun Yuan also attacked the surrounding foreign tribes many times.
The spirit and tradition of the Gongsun family's control and suppression of the surrounding foreign nationalities has been deeply rooted in the bones of the Liaodong Han people. Even if Sima Yi attacked the Gongsun family, the Liaodong Han people would still continue their martial spirit, all of which ceased to exist with Sima Yi's slaughter of the city and the inward migration of the people of Liaodong. Those who could fight were slaughtered by Sima Yi, and those who could not fight but knew that they had to fight were moved inward by Sima Yi.
Since then, Liaodong has no longer suppressed the development of various ethnic groups and other forces, and the Han Dynasty has never effectively ruled Liaodong. Even if it was as powerful as the Tang Dynasty, it was only managed by the Andong Capital Protectorate.
Without the effective management of Liaodong, what happened to the Successive Han Dynasties?
When the Sima family officially stole Jiangshan, the entire Western Jin Dynasty was in a state of extravagance and erosion, indifferent to the surrounding foreign races. The rulers of the Sima family believed that the aliens could submit to the Great Han and Cao Wei, and would also willingly submit to themselves.
As everyone knows, the Tianwei of the Great Han and Cao Wei was fought by force, and the majesty of the Western Jin Dynasty was all imagined by the thieves themselves. When Sima Yan's foolish son took over, the power fell into the hands of Jia Nanfeng, and the "Rebellion of the Eight Kings", which lasted for 16 years and hollowed out the national strength of the Western Jin Dynasty, broke out.
The history after the "Rebellion of the Eight Kings" was the darkest period in Chinese history, and it was also a pain in the hearts of many people, which is the famous "Wuhu Chaohua". Among the Five Hus, the Xiongnu, The Xiongnu, The Qiang, and the Qiang all revolted in Sena, while the Northern Wei, which later established the Northern Wei to unify the north, were Xianbei people.
When the Gongsun family ruled Liaodong, although Xianbei had almost no opponents outside the sai, he was also beaten by the Gongsun clan and did not dare to go south. When the Gongsun clan collapsed, the Liaodong Han people were also brought back to the interior, and Liaodong was reduced to a humble horse farm.
Later, the Northern Wei Split into the Eastern and Western Wei, with the Western Wei being replaced by the Northern Zhou and the Eastern Wei being replaced by the Northern Qi. After the Western Wei Emperor Yuwen Yong destroyed Northern Qi, he almost unified the country. This Yuwen clan is also a Sinicized Xianbei person. So that the later Sui and Tang emperors all had more or less a part of the humble blood on their bodies.
Goguryeo, which was attacked by Gongsun Kang and the capital of the country, was already in the land of Liaodong at this time. Emperor Wen of Sui, Emperor Jue of Sui, Emperor Taizong of Tang, and Emperor Gaozong of Tang all made it their mission to destroy Goguryeo, and Emperor Sui even paid the price of national subjugation.
In the late Tang Dynasty, the Khitan clan began to grow, taking advantage of the chaos of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms to establish a political power in Liaodong. The Liao state recognized Shi Jingyao as the "Child Emperor", and received the Sixteen Prefectures of Yanyun, which belonged to the Ancient Han Dynasty, and was later inherited by the Jin Dynasty. During the Jing Kang period of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Jin army that rose in liaodong went all the way south, turning the Northern Song Dynasty into the Southern Song Dynasty, and the Han Dynasty for the first time called the foreign patriarch Time a tribute.
Until the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, although the Sixteen Prefectures of Yanyun were restored to the Han Dynasty, Liaodong still lacked effective control and could only be managed by emulating the Tang Dynasty and setting up nuer gandusi.
During the Ming Dynasty, Liaodong once again gave birth to the gravedigger of the Central Plains Han Dynasty, Hou Jin, which was later the Great Qing. This is also a consequence of the lack of effective management of Liaodong and the northeast region, which has influenced Chinese history for thousands of years, all of which can be traced back to Sima Yi's slaughter of the city and the relocation of the people. "A butterfly in the Amazon rainforest of South America, with an occasional flapping of its wings, can cause a tornado in Texas two weeks later," is known as the "butterfly effect."
Sima Yi was a first-class wise man at that time, but he did not expect that he wanted to "once and for all", but he would leave poison for thousands of years.