History always seems to be trapped in a cycle of reincarnation, rebuilt in ruins, and decayed in the prosperous world. Thousands of miles of rubble and scorched earth can not withstand the drizzle, will eventually turn into dust and mud, countless broken walls and ruins can not stop the spring wind and weeds, everywhere new life; decades of dream flourishing in the wind and flow, countless pavilions and high pavilions between the night and singing, but also can not stop a smoke and fire. If misfortune exists in a chaotic world, we should have the heart of a child, constantly capture hope and light, or have no remorse, or guard the reclamation; if we are fortunate enough to be born in the prosperous world, we should always have a reverential heart, be grateful for the times, introspect ourselves, read history to mingzhi, and advocate spiritual civilization.
Chaotic conquest
Thousands of years of China have a long history, which is both the past and the direction. We are both high and low, and the confluence of hundreds of streams is endless. We have swallowed clouds and fog and looked down on the world; we have also experienced a century of humiliation and bullying. Now it is walking on the glorious road of great rejuvenation, showing the tenacity and courage of the nation.
In our history, there are both the wealth of tibet and the people under the rule of Wenjing, the Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty and the Emperor Weijia hainei of the Han Dynasty, the sui and Tang dynasties standing on the top of the world, and the envy of the northern Song Dynasty. There have also been countless times of chaos, the world is filled with smoke, the homeland has become a battlefield trampled on by careerists, and the incessant voice of soldiers has become a nightmare burned in the hearts of countless ordinary people. Next, let's briefly understand the several great chaos in Chinese history.
Spring and autumn
1. The Spring and Autumn Warring States period was chaotic
The Spring and Autumn Warring States period, which lasted for nearly five centuries, gave birth to the foundation of the great Chinese civilization, the generation of celebrities, and the efforts of countless generations of ancestors to end the chaotic world have greatly promoted the rapid take-off of China's politics, economy, ideology, military, and productive forces.
Spring and Autumn Warring States chaotic era, from the Zhou royal family of the sub-feudal system, due to the era and social productivity, after the opening of the Western Zhou, surrounded by strong enemies on all sides, the country's territory is too large, transportation is extremely inconvenient, so it adopted the most reasonable sub-feudal system, the clan and nobles and even the great heroes to establish princely states in various places.
In the beginning, because the centripetal force of the state was enough, and the princes were only the head of the royal family, this set of ruling systems was still very perfect, equivalent to the central government being responsible for managing the member states. However, with the hereditary succession of princes for several generations, the autonomy time was too long, and some distant princes naturally deviated from the royal family, and the Emperor of Tiangao was far away and lived their own small lives. This kind of thinking gradually spread, and finally most of the princely states under the world were unwilling to listen to the unified orders of the royal family. The Zhou royal family lost its authority and greatly reduced its strength, while the princely states were caught in a mutually intertwined annexation war and could not extricate themselves.
Warring States cavalry
The final result was that foreign enemies invaded, attacked The HoJing, the King of Zhou You died, and the Western Zhou Dynasty fell. When Eastern Zhou moved the capital to Luoyi, it lost control of the princely states even more, and even when attacking the State of Zheng, it was defeated by Duke Zhuang and lost the face of the royal family. At this time, the southern barbarians and northern Di Xirong invaded one after another, the Baidi people even reached the edge of the Yellow River, and the Chu state also infected the Yang Basin, and Huaxia was in danger. Some people with lofty ideals began to work hard, the first of which was the hegemonist faction, with a tough posture, exercising administrative power on behalf of the king of Zhou, becoming the leader of the princes, and uniting everyone to resist foreign enemies. This is what several generations of overlords in the Spring and Autumn Period, especially the Dukes of Qi Huan and Jin Wen, did.
In the Warring States period, the thinking gradually changed, with the continuous expansion of the scale of the war, the influence of the Zhou royal family gradually shrunk, since the fall of the first hegemon of the Warring States, the State of Wei, among the great powers, the State of Qi and the State of Qin had the heart of disobedience, wanted to rely on their own strength and seize the world, and at this time the social productivity was far from being comparable to the Western Zhou Period, and the establishment of a unified power became possible. The time and place are favorable, why not enjoy it.
In the end, after some knockout and promotion matches, the State of Qin, after going through the Shang Martingale Transformation Method, successively overwhelmed the State of Great Wei, dragged down the State of Qi, defeated the State of Chu and the State of Zhao, after more than a hundred years of accumulation and struggle for more than six centuries, finally in 221 BC, Qin Shi Huang sent Wang Qi's father and son to lead a large army to unify the world, drawing a satisfactory end to this centuries of chaotic world that can be sung and wept.
Xiang Yu was sealed separately
2. The chaotic era at the end of the Qin Dynasty
To some extent, the chaotic era at the end of qin should be a continuation of the chaotic world of the Spring and Autumn Warring States, or it is also the return to the light of the chaotic world of the Spring and Autumn Warring States, the Qin Dynasty
rule of law
Although the world was twisted into a rope, it provided a theoretical basis and cultural foundation for the great unification of later generations. However, it has not solved the most fundamental problems of people's livelihood, the people's lives are difficult, and water can carry boats and overturn boats. Chen Sheng's rebellion against Wu Guang set off a strong counterattack by the remnants of the Six Kingdoms, and Xiang Yu, the first fierce general in ancient history, turned back history and engaged in a system of dividing and sealing.
The chaotic era at the end of Qin was mainly divided into two stages, the first of which was the large-scale outbreak of the peasant revolt at the end of Qin, and Chen Sheng and Wu Guang in the south raised the banner of righteousness, which shocked the world of Great Qin to thousands of holes. Subsequently, Chen Yu and other forces rose in Hebei, and after some tossing, the Qi operation of the Great Qin Empire came to an end.
Fortunately, at the end of Qin, Zhang Handan gathered more than 300,000 troops in the Central Plains with the slaves of the Lishan camp as an army, successively pacified several forces, besieged the Zhao state, and suppressed the momentum of the rebels for a time. However, this was also the last glory of the Qin Dynasty, and then, the chu forces rose, and Xiang Yu, in revenge for his uncle, led his army north to confront Zhang Handan's main force.
Chu and Han contended for hegemony
At the Battle of Julu, Xiang Yu broke through the cauldron and destroyed Zhang Handan's 200,000 troops head-on with a 50,000-strong army, and then took advantage of the situation to force Zhang Handan's other 200,000 troops to surrender. While Xiang Yu was holding back the Qin army head-on, Liu Bang led his army to detour through the blue sky to sneak into Guanzhong, and broke through in one fell swoop, and finally easily took Xianyang.
The second stage was mainly a scuffle between the princes of the world led by Chu Han. First of all, the rebellion of the old land of the State of Qi, Xiang Yu quelled the rebellion, but was held back by the Qi army for a long time, Liu Bang took advantage of Xiang Yu's main force to attack, and the capital Pengcheng was empty, so he commanded the combined army of 500,000 princes to besiege Pengcheng and attack it in one fell swoop.
Xiang Yu led Lou Fu's cavalry of 30,000 men and destroyed Liu Bang's army of hundreds of thousands. Since then, Liu Bang's main force has confronted Xiang Yu near Xingyang, on the other hand, Han Xin has detoured to the north, attacked the princes, and then went south from the State of Qi to attack the State of Chu, and finally Han Xin broke Xiang Yu's main force at the Battle of Weishui, and killed Xiang Yu's first general, Long Ji, since then, Xiang Yu's defeat has been decided, and finally Liu Bang destroyed Xiang Yu's main force in the Battle of Xiaxia, and pursued him all the way, completely annihilating Xiang Yu's forces.
The late Han Dynasty
3. The Three Kingdoms at the end of the Han Dynasty were in turmoil
White bones are exposed in the wild, there is no chicken chirping in thousands of miles, this is cao Cao's poem depicting the chaotic scene of the late Han Dynasty, since the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the aristocratic forces of all sides have carried out land annexation, the life of the people under the world is difficult, and the displaced people are everywhere. Then Zhang Jiao ascended in the east, and within a few months, hundreds of thousands of troops roared in, thus opening the prelude to the chaotic years at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
After Emperor Fusong and others suppressed the ZhangJiao Rebellion, the Eastern Han Dynasty experienced the Rebellion of the Ten Constant Attendants, He Jin lost his life in the court, Dong Zhuo entered the capital, and the princes of the world rose up, and the Eastern Han Dynasty court lost control of the world from then on. The world's heroes instantly split the country and mountains, and the chaotic world entered a climax.
Subsequently, the annexation war between the princes began, Yuan Shao and Gongsun Zhan fought against each other, Yuan Shu, Sun Ce and Lü Bu and others rose up, Liu Biao, Zhang Lu and Liu Yan divided up, Cao Cao raised troops to regain the old rivers and mountains, successively destroyed Lü Bu and Yuan Shu, and then pacified Yuan Shao and Liu Biao, and destroyed Zhang Lu and Ma Teng. After unifying the north, and at the same time Sun swept away Jiangdong, Liu Bei divided his territory in Western Shu and officially entered the Three Kingdoms era.
White bones are exposed in the wild, and there is no chicken chirping for thousands of miles
During this period, there were many famous battles that amazed the entire history of China, the small battle of the Boundary Bridge, Yuan Shao broke Gongsun Zhan, and also created a precedent for China to ride with steps. Then, the Great War and the Battle of Cao Cao's Guandu greatly broke Yuan Shao, with fewer victories and more victories, and his reputation went down in history. In addition, in the Battle of Chibi, Zhou Yu's talent was brilliant, and he burned the Cao camp in Chibi, laying the foundation for three divisions of the world in one fell swoop.
The three kingdoms were established side by side for decades, and the war was chaotic every year, and the final outcome was that Cao Wei's power fell by the wayside, and then Deng Ai and Zhong would destroy the Shu state, and Sima Shi stole the Cao Wei regime and established the Western Jin Dynasty by virtue of the merits of destroying Shu, and more than ten years later, the Western Jin Dynasty went south, finally destroyed Eastern Wu, and the world was reunified.
Five nonsense
4. The Five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms were in turmoil between the Northern and Southern Dynasties
The chaotic era of the Five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms was the darkest and most chaotic era in the history of China, and this period of chaos can be said to be the bane of the policies of the early years of the Western Jin Dynasty, and it is also a tragedy caused by the political situation of the Western Jin Dynasty. In the late Western Jin Dynasty, due to Sima Yan's mistake, it indirectly led to the chaotic government of Jia Hou. The chaotic government of Jia Hou plus the system of Sima Yan's great division of feudalism, two major mistakes within the imperial court and outside the government and the public, directly led to the outbreak of the Rebellion of the Eight Kings, and the Western Jin Dynasty has been in chaos since then.
After more than ten years of rebellion of the Eight Kings, the people's livelihood in the world was withering, the clan moved south, and the Central Plains were in chaos, so the Xiongnu leader Liu Yuan took the opportunity to launch a rebellion and enter the Central Plains. The forces of the Central Plains competed, with the Duanbu Xianbei in the northeast stationed near Youzhou, Murong Xianbei also beginning to rise, and the northwestern departments were also eager to move, and the Zhang clan completed the division.
Subsequently, the two generations of the Han Zhao regime Liu Yuan and Liu Cong completed the war against the Western Jin Dynasty, and finally Liu Yao attacked Guanzhong, Shi Le took Youzhou and other places, and Han Zhao completed the basic unification of the north. After Liu Cong's death, Han Zhao put down a coup d'état and then split into Former Zhao and Later Zhao, and Later Zhao defeated Former Zhao, completing the basic unification of the north. The rest of the Jin Dynasty moved south to Jiangnan and established the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
Sixteen kingdoms in turmoil
Subsequently, in the last years of Later Zhao, the world was in chaos, Xianbei went south, Ran Min rose, and then Former Yan took the Kwantung region, and then, Former Qin rose in Guanzhong, and finally under the leadership of Jian Jian and Wang Meng, destroyed many countries in one fell swoop, and even recovered the western region, took Bashu, and realized the true unification of the north in a short period of time. Subsequently, in the Battle of Shuishui, Former Qin horses lost their front hooves, and many forces in the north rose one after another. Later Yan, Western Yan, Later Qin, Daiguo, Qiuchi, Western Qin, Houliang, Nanliang and other states rose up one after another. Then the Huxia regime also rose, and many countries in the north were at war.
Subsequently, Tuoba Jue changed the state to Northern Wei, which lasted for three generations, and finally Tuoba Tao unified the north, and the southern dynasty also began because Liu Yu took the Jin Dynasty to stand on its own. Subsequently, the north and south confronted each other, although there were local battles, but there was no continuous outbreak of major wars, both the north and the south achieved recovery and development, and Jiankang City and Northern Wei Luoyang were successively built into metropolises with a population of more than one million.
The Southern Dynasty experienced the Song Dynasty, Liang, and Chen Four Dynasties, while the Northern Dynasty had about a hundred years of Northern Wei, and then was divided into Eastern and Western Wei by Gao Huan Yuwentai, and then the Gao family and the Yuwen family successively established their own states, and Northern Qi and Northern Zhou were established successively. Then, Northern Zhou destroyed Northern Qi to unify the north, Yang Jian plucked the fruits of victory from Northern Zhou to establish the Sui Dynasty, and finally the Sui Dynasty was unified in the south, and the nearly three hundred years of chaos ended, and the world was reunited.