The early stage of the Three Kingdoms can also be regarded as the rule of excellence, and the later period has nothing to do with the rule of excellence, they are busy engaging in infighting, or they are enjoying themselves, and where there is any spare time to exert themselves.
Cao Wei's efforts to govern were actually mainly in the Cao Cao period and the Cao Pi period, and by the Time of Cao Rui, political theory was no longer the center of gravity, mainly the eastern resistance to Wu and the western rejection of Shu, all of which were defensive wars, and no effort was made in domestic governance. After Zhuge Liang's death, the border was relatively stable, and Cao Rui quickly began to overhaul the palace and go to enjoy himself, laboring the people and hurting the wealth and wasting national strength.
After Cao Rui's death, during the reign of Cao Zhen and after the change of Gao Pingling, Cao Wei's focus was also on political power struggles, in addition to continuing to resist Wu in the east and shu in the west, there were also three rebellions in Huainan, all of which were large-scale military rebellions, and the consumption of national strength was relatively large. In particular, the Zhuge Birthday Rebellion lasted for more than a year and lasted for a relatively long time, and the soldiers of Tuntian in Huainan were conscripted as soldiers, and the damage was relatively large.
Although the Shu Han Dynasty continued to carry out the Northern Expedition during the Zhuge Liang period, the internal governance was generally good, relatively stable, and the economy recovered, but the population increase was not obvious. After Zhuge Liang's death, during the reign of Jiang Huan and Fei Yi, that is, maintaining a peaceful situation, it was relatively stable inside and outside, and there were no particularly obvious achievements in domestic governance. After Fei Yi's death, Liu Chan himself took power and engaged in internal and external balance, and Jiang Wei continued to carry out the Northern Expedition, and there were several major defeats, which were also losses to the army.
The situation in Eastern Wu was even worse. By the end of Sun Quan's life, the situation of the Three Kingdoms was relatively stable, and no one could break the equilibrium, and Eastern Wu began to engage in constant political power struggles, although there was no major battle, but it was not a good effort. After Sun Quan's death, eastern Wu continued to fight, and it was not until Sun Hao's time that the centralization of power was completed again, and he did not focus on domestic governance before. After Sun Hao centralized power, he was not a good effort to govern, but his power was relatively stable.
In the process of Sima Shi's usurpation of power, he constantly compromised with the clan clan and learned the lesson of Cao Wei's defense against the excessive strictness of the clan, so he reused the clan room, let the kings of the clan out of the town, and gave military power to supplement the royal family to prevent the situation of the lord being weak and the subjects being strong. Even during the period of the founding emperor Sima Yan, the focus was on the balance of power in all aspects of the interior, which was also relatively absurd, and the allusion to the sheep cart patrol was well known. The founding emperor was so absurd, it was the only one in history.
At the time of Sima Yan's death, the basic political pattern of the Western Jin Dynasty was that the imperial court was assisted by heavy ministers and foreign relatives, and the local government was led by Zong Wang, which was ostensibly a balanced situation, but there was a problem in the power center, and Empress Jia was dissatisfied with the foreign relatives to assist the government, secretly summoned Zong Wang to the capital, and killed foreign relatives, which caused the rebellion of the Eight Kings. The Rebellion of the Eight Kings meant that the original political pattern of internal and external checks and balances in the Western Jin Dynasty was broken, so the Emperors raised troops one after another, and the war was endless.
The so-called Wuhu Chaohua was actually a nomadic people who had migrated to the interior or border areas at that time, and were gradually transitioning from a nomadic production lifestyle to an agrarian society. It was because the Rebellion of the Eight Kings lasted for a long time, no one could re-establish absolute power, the political order could not be stabilized, and the population in their respective jurisdictions was exhausted in the war, that they each attracted Wuhu to help themselves.
For example, Tuoba Xianbei was recruited when Sima Yue, the king of the East China Sea, was in power, and the Five Ministries of the Xiongnu were recruited when Sima Ying, the king of Chengdu, was in power. It was only when Liu Yuan, the leader of the Five Xiongnu, saw the decline of imperial power in the Western Jin Dynasty, the disintegration of the country, and the great chaos in the world that he decided to raise an army to become emperor himself, opening the prelude to the Wuhu Rebellion. Shi Le initially used to be a slave to others, and later relied on the Han warlord Wang Mi and others, gradually growing his own power in the process.
Therefore, the Wuhu Rebellion itself is not a problem with the Wuhu itself, but a problem with the political structure of the Western Jin Dynasty itself, which cannot maintain sustained stability, and its own internal collapse and chaos first, and it is not the Wuhu that took the initiative to rebel when the world was at peace, destroying the political stability of the Western Jin Dynasty. On the contrary, before the Rebellion of the Eight Kings, there was also the Qi Wannian Rebellion, and the Northwest Qianghu basically participated, but at that time, the Western Jin Dynasty was still relatively stable internally, so there was not much of a problem, so it was suppressed.