Go east along the Luozheng Highway, not far from the White Horse Temple, you will see the ruins of the ancient city of Luoyang in the Han and Wei dynasties. In the southern suburbs of the ruins, it is the Dongqi Gang and the big suburbs of Dianzhuang Town, Luolong District, Luoyang City, there is a huge rammed earth platform between the two natural villages, standing majestically on the earth. In ancient times, the Luo River was like a silver belt, passing through its north side and flowing to the east. In the southern suburbs of the ancient city of Luoyang in the Han and Wei dynasties, there is a only high platform site, which is the Eastern Han Dynasty Lingtai, which is well-known at home and abroad and observes celestial phenomena.
In 1974 and 1975 in the eighties of the last century, the Luoyang Workstation of the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences excavated the Lingtai site. The entire area of the site is more than 40,000 square meters, there are walls on the east and west sides, and there is a central building in the wall, that is, the rammed earth platform that can be seen in the distance today. Judging from the excavation, the length and width of the platform under his ground are 50 meters each, the remaining rammed earth platform on the ground is 31 meters from east to west, the length of the north and south remnants is about 41 meters, and the residual height is about 8 meters.
According to the schematic diagram and the actual situation of the excavation of the ancient city ruins of Luoyang in the Han and Wei dynasties, out of the south of Luoyang City in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the second gate of the East Pingcheng Gate to the south, there is an ancient north-south avenue, which can be measured to be 23 meters wide. The ruins of Lingtai are located on the west side of the ancient north-south avenue, about one kilometer away from the Pingcheng Gate. "Lingtai is in the south of Luoyang, go to the city for three miles" "Lu Ji Luoyang Ji".
There is also an ancient building on the east side of the ancient Luoyang North-South Avenue, its whole range is about 386 meters wide from east to west, about 400 meters long from north to south, according to the data and historical records, it should be the site of the Eastern Han Dynasty Mingtang. This is completely consistent with the historical record that "the east of the avenue is the Ming Hall, and the west of the avenue is the Lingtai".
The ruins of Luoyang City in the Han and Wei dynasties, excavated and found a rammed earth high platform, surrounded by two layers of platforms, and there are architectural remains on the platform. The lower platform, the surrounding original corridor, the north side is basically well preserved, the ramp in the north is in the middle, the upper platform can be accessed, the ramp has a corridor on the two, five rooms in the east and west, each 2.5 meters wide and 2 meters deep. The upper platform, there are five buildings on each side, each face is 5.5 meters wide, the back wall of the building is the same as the lower floor, the back wall is dug and the column is slotted, and there is a square column base under the column.
The ground is all paved with small rectangular bricks, according to the customs of the four spirits worship and the five elements doctrine, the four square buildings are painted with blue, white, red and black powder respectively, and the pink line of the relics can be distinguished so far. On the west side of the upper platform, there is a depth of 2 meters, and the outer room is separated from the inner room, and the interior is paved with square bricks. This inner chamber may be the secret room where the copper armillary sphere invented and made by Zhang Heng at that time was placed.
From the excavation of bricks and tiles and other building materials, it belongs to the Eastern Han Dynasty building. This rammed earth platform should be the spiritual platform of the Eastern Han Dynasty, its top is for observing celestial phenomena, and its shape should be "no house on the level". But with the passage of time, the erosion of wind, frost, rain and snow, the appearance has lost its former appearance. The buildings around the Lingtai should be the residence and office of the Lingtai observers in the Eastern Han Dynasty to record and sort out the observation data.
The Eastern Han Dynasty Lingtai is the earliest observatory in the mainland, which has been around for more than 1,900 years and covers an area of about 44,000 square meters. The top of the platform is a place for observing celestial phenomena, and it is surrounded by the office of the observer. After 250 years before and after the construction of the Lingtai, the famous ancient scientist Zhang Heng served as Taishiling twice for more than 10 years, in charge of the observation of the Lingtai.
How high is the spiritual platform? One records that the Lingtai is three zhang high and has twelve gates, and the other records: "Hanguang Wuzhu, six zhang high, twenty steps square". The Eastern Han Dynasty is 7.08 meters and 14.16 meters in 6 zhang. Now the residual height of the Lingtai is more than 8 meters, and it can be determined that the statement of the three zhang is wrong.
"Luoyang Jialanji" proofreading volume, third, Chengnan, 1978, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, page 140 is described as follows: "There is Qin Taishi Park in the east, the second temple is in Jingming South Yili, the Queen Mother of the West Temple was established, and the imperial aunt of the East Temple was built, and it was blessed by his father, so it was named. The name of the time is the Twin Girl Temple...... There is a Lingtai in the east of the temple, although the base toe is decadent, it is still more than five zhang high, that is, it is the one who was established by Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty, and the one who was established by Wei Wu in the east of Lingtai. This shows that Liuzhang's account is credible.
According to the records, there were 43 people working here at that time. In addition to "Cheng" one person in charge of the work of the whole Taiwan, two other people are responsible for moon observation, 14 people are responsible for stargazing, three people are responsible for wind observation, 12 people are responsible for observing meteorology, three people are responsible for sundial scenery, and seven people are responsible for Zhonglu. The other is a sacrifice person, and the division of labor is very clear. Such a team of celestial observers is unique in the world. It fully shows that the emperors of the Eastern Han Dynasty attached great importance to Lingtai, and it also shows how developed astronomy was at that time.
Lingtai was the largest national astronomical observatory in the Eastern Han Dynasty at that time, and it was a subordinate institution of Taishiling. Zhang Heng served as Taishi Ling twice, and personally presided over and led the observation and astronomical research of the Lingtai. He personally wrote the books "Earthquake Countermeasures", "Armillary Sphere Annotation", "Lingkuan and Lingkuo Diagram", Lingkuo Diagram is the first astrological map in the mainland, and designed and manufactured the armillary sphere, geodynamic instrument, and wind instrument. As soon as these instruments were placed on the spiritual platform of the Eastern Han Dynasty, they accurately measured the continuous earthquakes in Luoyang in 133, 135 and 137 A.D., and they were all displayed on the ground motion instrument. In 138 A.D., the geodynamic instrument also accurately measured an earthquake in Longxi, thousands of miles away, which was the world's earliest instrument to detect earthquakes. It is 1,642 years earlier than the seismograph invented in Europe (1880).
The historical facts of the continent prove that the continent is the earliest country in the world to invent astronomy. Our ancestors were the first to record the Chinese calendar, which is also the most advanced astronomical record. The Xia dynasty recorded an earthquake in 1590 BC. The Book of Xia records the earliest solar eclipses in China. The "Bamboo Book Chronicle" records the earliest meteor shower in the world of the Xia Dynasty. These are the crystallization of the wisdom of the working people, and they are also the most special contributions to the people of the world.
The excavation of Lingtai is an important cultural reproduction in China's scientific community, and it is a historical monument. It records the perseverance of Zhang Heng, an ancient scientist, in order to understand and master the changing celestial bodies, and his wisdom and contributions have yielded fruitful results in the scientific community, and he is still leading the scientific road.
Although the Lingtai is a historical and cultural relic, it is also the pride of the descendants of Yan and Huang in China. We are proud of our ancestors.
About author:Cheng Weidong, male, born in 1947, from Dayuan Village, Luoning County, former deputy director of the Tobacco Office of the county government, retired in 2008, member of the China Collectors Association, member of the Chinese Society of Chinese Studies, consultant of the Luoning County Surname Culture Research Association, and director of the Luoyang Surname Research Association.
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