In 184 AD, the Yellow Turban Rebellion broke out. For the Eastern Han Dynasty, this was an important historical event towards decline and even demise. In order to quell the rebellion in various places, the Han Ling Emperor adopted Liu Yan's suggestion, which led to the gradual control of the military power by the assassins and Taishou in various places, so that they supported the army and respected themselves, and did not listen to the orders of the Eastern Han court. In 189 AD, after the death of the Han Ling Emperor, the general He Jin and the eunuchs engaged in a fierce contest, and the final result was that both sides were defeated, but Dong Zhuo was allowed to reap the benefits of the fisherman. After Dong Zhuo took power, he deposed the emperor and deposed Liu Xie, the emperor of the Han Dynasty, which further deprived the Eastern Han court of its authority and status. Thus, the era of division of the masses officially arrived.
When it comes to the princes of the Three Kingdoms period at the end of the Han Dynasty, Cao Cao, Yuan Shao, Yuan Shu, Liu Bei, Liu Zhang, Liu Biao, Sun Quan, Ma Teng, Han Sui, Zhang Xiu, Zhang Lu and others undoubtedly left a deep impression on people. As far as the Gongsun Du that I want to talk about today, he was a neglected prince during the Three Kingdoms period at the end of the Han Dynasty. For this prince, the territory was divided in the Liaodong region, that is, in present-day Liaoning Province. Because of the distance from the Central Plains, Gongsun Du and his descendants were able to exist for a long time. Of course, as far as Gongsun Du's descendants were concerned, they were eventually eliminated by Sima Yi, the general of Cao Wei. In the following, let's understand gongsun du as a prince.
One
According to the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms and other historical sources, Gongsun Du (150-204), also known as Shengji, was a native of Xiangping, Liaodong (present-day Liaoyang, Liaoning). In the middle and late Eastern Han Dynasty, Gongsun Du's father, Gongsun Yan, came to Xuanju County, and Gongsun Du later became a county official. At that time, Gongsun Bao, the son of Gongsun Zhen of Xuanju County, was eighteen years old, but he was prematurely folded. Gongsun Du was also called Gongsun Leopard when he was young, and he was about the same age as Gongsun Ju's son, and as soon as Gongsun Yu saw him, he loved him very much, sent him to study, and married him.
In the second year of Jianning (169), the imperial court elected talented men, and Gongsun Du, along with Xie Bi of Dong Commandery and Chen Dun of Donghai, was recommended to serve as Shang Shu Lang (Later Han Shu as Lang Zhong), and later promoted to Ji Prefecture Assassin History, but was immediately deposed. In this regard, in the author's opinion, if Gongsun Du really became the assassin of Jizhou, it is likely that he will wither prematurely at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty when the hordes of deer are chasing deer. At that time, Jizhou could be said to be a place where soldiers and families had to fight, that is, it was fought over by Han Fu, Yuan Shao, Cao Cao and other princes.
In the first year of Chuping (190), Gongsun Du's compatriot Xu Rong became a general under Dong Zhuo. As far as Dong Zhuo was concerned at that time, he could be said to be in the sky, holding the power of the Eastern Han Court. At that time, Liu Xie, the Emperor of Han Xian, became a puppet in dong Zhuo's hands. On the recommendation of his compatriot Xu Rong, Gongsun Du was made the Taishou of Liaodong Commandery by Dong Zhuo. From then on, Gongsun Du and his descendants were able to divide the Liaodong region for a long time.
Two
After becoming the Taishou of Liaodong Commandery, although Gongsun Du did not participate in the contest between Yuan Shao, Yuan Shu, Cao Cao and other Central Plains princes, Gongsun Du frequently sent troops to the surrounding tribal forces. According to the Book of later Han, Goguryeo "had a fierce nature, strength, and good Kou banknotes", Gongsun Du served as a county official of Xuanyu County, and was familiar with Goguryeo's false reality, and Gongsun Du attacked Goguryeo in the east after taking Liaodong County, and after this battle, Goguryeo was dispatched by Liaodong. During Gongsun Du's expansion of Haidong, the Goguryeo king Bogu feared Gongsun Du's prestige, and during Gongsun Du's crusade against the Fushan thieves, he also sent Dajia (大加 as the name of a Goguryeo official) to help him.
After that, Gongsun Du even conquered Goguryeo in the east, Karasuma in the west, and Wei Zhen overseas. At that time, the Central Plains were in turmoil, and most of the Central Plains people took refuge in Liaodong, including Guan Ning, Bing Yuan, Wang Lie, Tai Shi Ci and other well-known figures. Among them, Tai Shi Ci later became a member of the Eastern Wu fierce generals. Influenced by literary works such as the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Tai Shi Ci had a relatively high degree of popularity, and Gongsun Du, who took in Tai Shi Ci at that time, became an unknown prince.
At the time of Gongsun Du's southern expedition to the North, the Central Plains region could be described as constantly in war. First, the princes of Guandong united to fight dong Zhuo, and then Lü Bu joined forces with Wang Yun to kill Dong Zhuo, so Yuan Shao, Yuan Shu, Cao Cao and other princes began to fight separately and divide one side. On this basis, Gongsun Du naturally did not take the Eastern Han Court seriously.
Three
For Gongsun Du, the Liaodong Commandery was divided into two counties, Western Liaoning and Central Liao, with the post of Taishou, crossing the sea to collect donglai counties, and setting up yingzhou to assassinate history, that is, taking advantage of the war in the Central Plains, Gongsun Du had expanded his power to the area of present-day Shandong Province. Of course, later, because of Cao Cao's strength, Gongsun Du could only retreat to Liaodong. In this regard, Gongsun Du proclaimed himself marquis of Liaodong and Mu of Pingzhou, and posthumously named his father Gongsun Yan the Marquis of Jianyi. Erected temples for the two ancestors of the Han Dynasty, set up altars in the south of Xiangping City according to the ancient system, sacrificed heaven and earth in the suburbs, personally cultivated the fields, governed the army, and rode on the Luan chariot that the emperor could only sit on, with nine jade strings hanging from the hat, and the cavalry wearing hats on their heads was the Yulin army.
From this, it is very obvious that although Gongsun Du did not claim the title of emperor at this time, his actual behavior had already exposed his ambition to be called emperor. Of course, it is likely that Yuan Shu's arrogance over the title of emperor and his immediate demise led to the lessons of Gongsun Du not repeating the same mistakes.
Because of the need to focus on the Central Plains, in the face of such an arrogant Gongsun Du, Cao Cao did not choose to send troops to fight, but instead recruited Gongsun Du to be the general of Wuwei and the Marquis of Yongning. In the face of Cao Cao's canonization, Gongsun Du said, "I am claiming the title of king in Liaodong, what do I want Yongning to do?" "Hide the seals in the arsenal." However, although Cao Cao's canonization was not taken seriously, on the surface, Gongsun Du did not choose to be an enemy of Cao Cao.
Four
Finally, in 204 (the ninth year of Jian'an), Gongsun Du died, and his son Gongsun Kang succeeded him to the throne, giving the title of Marquis of Yongning Township to his younger brother Gongsun Gong. Gongsun Kang succeeded him as Taishou of Liaodong after his father's death. In the twelfth year of Jian'an (207), he beheaded the brothers Yuan Shang and Yuan Xi, who were plotting against him, and dedicated his first rank to Cao Cao, and was worshipped as a general of the left and made the Marquis of Xiangping. After Gongsun Kang's death, his sons Gongsun Huang and Gongsun Yuan were still young, and the Officials of Liaodong created Gongsun Gong as the Taishou of Liaodong. In the second year of Taihe (228), Gongsun Gong was forced to abdicate and imprisoned by the grown-up Gongsun Yuan.
From then on, Gongsun Yuan began to take power in Liaodong. During the reign of Gongsun Yuan, he sent envoys to contact Sun Quan of the State of Wu. In the first year of the Qinglong Dynasty (233 AD), Sun Quan wanted to make Gongsun Yuan the King of Yan, and sent 10,000 people to Liaodong with treasures. Gongsun Yuan beheaded the eastern Wu emissaries, captured more than 10,000 Eastern Wu generals, and was worshiped by Emperor Ming of Wei as the Grand Sima and given the title of Duke of Lelang. In the first year of the Jing Dynasty (237), after defeating The Rebellion against Wei after defeating Yuqiu Jian and others who had come to fight, Gongsun Yuan established himself as the King of Yan, with the title of Shaohan and a hundred officials.
Faced with Gongsun Yuan, who was no longer subordinate to Cao Wei, The Wei Ming Emperor Cao Rui naturally could not tolerate it. Therefore, in the second year of the Jing Dynasty (238), Emperor Ming of Wei sent Sima Yi, a lieutenant, to lead an army of 40,000 into Liaodong. In the face of the scheming Sima Yi, Gongsun Yuan was naturally not an opponent. In this battle, Gongsun Yuan resisted defeat and was beheaded by the Wei army with his son. After being destroyed by Sima Yi, the Liaodong area was naturally incorporated into Cao Wei's territory. What do you think about that? Feel free to leave your views and let's discuss them together.