Since Bo Yi refused Dayu's move to take the throne and let Dayu's son Xia Qi inherit the throne, the hereditary system with clan blood as the link replaced the Zen system and became the main way for the succession of the major dynasties to change the throne, after all, no emperor was willing to easily give the jiangshan he had worked so hard to fight to the people of foreign tribes.
But the hereditary system will also have many problems, such as when the emperor leaves the throne, the new emperor is still a small hairy child, and he does not have the ability to govern the world at all, how can he sit on the throne and let the subjects be convinced and govern the world?
In order to solve this problem, the method of "entrusting orphans" has emerged. The so-called entrustment of the young emperor to the former emperor's extremely trusted people, let the orphans teach and assist the little emperor, until the emperor grows up to be able to stand alone and rule the world, and then completely return the power to the emperor.
But people's hearts have been unpredictable since ancient times, and even the emperor could not predict what would happen after his death, so the matter of entrusting oneself to the lonely has both succeeded and failed in history.
Successful orphan - Liu Beituo orphan Zhuge Liang
After Liu Bei became the King of Zhongshan Jing, he had the orthodox status of the Han Dynasty at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. In addition, he ruled the country with benevolence and virtue, and was very fond of and cared for his subordinates, so Zhang Fei, Guan Yu, Zhao Yun and others would be loyal to Liu Bei all their lives, and including the famous Zhuge Liang.
In 223 AD, Liu Bei fell ill and died. Before he died, he entrusted Zhuge Liang to Zhuge Liang and said to Zhuge Liang: "The king is ten times more than Cao Pi, and he will be able to secure the country and finally make great things happen." If the heir can be supplemented, he shall be supplemented; if he is not talented, he may take it upon himself. When Zhuge Liang heard this, he was moved by the tears, and from then on he made up his mind to be loyal to Ah Dou Liu Chan and only wanted to carry out the Northern Expedition to fulfill the last wish of the former emperor.
And this idea, until Zhuge Liang died of illness and death, wuzhangyuan still did not change in the slightest. Therefore, Liu Bei's entrustment is regarded as an extremely successful orphan in history.
Failed Orphan - Liu Yutuo Lonely Fourth Minister
From the perspective of materialistic dialectics, everything has two sides, and if there is a successful orphan, there will naturally be failure, and Liu Yu's orphan is even more the "best" among the failed orphans.
Liu Yu was born in 363 AD, and like Liu Bei, he was a relative of the Han Dynasty, and his ancestor was Liu Bang's younger brother Liu Jiao, and from this identity, Liu Yu had an orthodox advantage among the major forces of the Wei and Jin dynasties.
Since the return of the three families to the Jin Dynasty, there seems to be no monarch in the entire Jin Dynasty except for Sima Yi at the beginning who has the ability to govern the world. In 299 AD, there was also the Rebellion of the Eight Kings, which weakened the central jin dynasty and the rapid rise of the localities, and suddenly returned to the chaotic image of the late Eastern Han Dynasty.
In 399 AD, Liu Yu had become a general of the Jin Dynasty, and was ordered to suppress the rebels, defeating the rebel armies of Sun En, Lu Xun and others in succession, establishing a great military feat, which became famous in the Central Plains in just a few years, and then successively attacked Southern Yan, conquered Sichuan shu, and swallowed Jingyang, killed Later Qin, and became a powerful vassal of the Jin Dynasty.
In 420, Liu Yu demoted Sima Dewen, the last emperor of the Jin Dynasty, to the position of King of Lingling, and he ascended the throne himself, establishing the Liu Song regime. After ascending the throne, Liu Yu made great efforts to govern and practice frugality, so that the people who had been in war for many years could breathe, so they were very loved by the people of the courtiers.
Unfortunately, such a good emperor died of illness in 422, only 2 years after ascending the throne. At this time, the crown prince Liu Yifu was only 16 years old, and he was greedy by nature, and he had no ability to govern a country at all. Therefore, Liu Yu entrusted himself with the four ministers of Xie Han, Tan Daoji, Xu Xianzhi, and Fu Liang to assist the crown prince Liu Yifu.
These four people are all Liu Yu's confidants, who have made great contributions to Liu Yu's laying the foundation of the world, and can be regarded as Liu Yu's most trusted courtiers, so it is actually a very wise choice to let these four people as orphans and heavy subjects.
However, Liu Yu took into account the qualifications of this minister of life, but did not take into account the character of his own children. After Liu Yifu ascended the throne, he still had a good time and did not care about the government, even if the national disaster was still deaf, playing in the courtyard of the deep palace all day long, and the words to several orphaned and important ministers were also left ear in and out of the right ear, so he lost the hearts of the people and the military.
Therefore, in 424 AD, the four entrusted ministers together led troops into Liu Yifu's palace, forced Liu Yifu to hand over the jade seal, drove Liu Yifu out of power, and let Liu Yu's third son Liu Yilong ascend to the throne. At this time, less than 2 years have passed since Liu Yutuo was lonely.
epilogue
Liu Yu's trust was undoubtedly a great failure, even if Cao Rui entrusted the orphan Sima Yi, who was well known to everyone, Sima Yi was loyal to Cao Fang for nearly 10 years, and it was not until 14 years after Sima Yi's death that the Sima family usurped the Northern Wei regime, which was still "successful" compared to Liu Yu's orphan.
However, although Liu Yu failed to be isolated, it was actually a good thing for Jiangshan Sheji, after all, if Liu Yifu continued to be defeated like this, the Foundation of Jiangshan that Liu Yu had built for decades would collapse in a short time. Therefore, feudal hereditary inheritance is often unreliable, or it is most appropriate to choose the person who governs the country based on the level of moral integrity.