The four ancient civilizations are ancient Egypt, ancient Babylon, ancient India and china. Interestingly, for the first three of ha have added gu? Because these three countries and the countries they are now in the country are completely different civilizations.
That is to say, in addition to the continuation of our Chinese civilization from ancient times to the present, the civilizations of the other three ancient civilizations have experienced very serious faults, and their existence can only be found in archaeological excavations.
The four ancient civilizations, in addition to China's great characteristics, ancient Egypt is also worth mentioning, why? Because this ancient civilization is known as the oldest ancient civilization.
First, the history of ancient Egypt is about 3,000 years earlier than ours.
It is a pity to tell you that ancient Egypt and modern Egypt are two completely unrelated countries. Although everyone is on the same land, the differences in civilization are too great.
Moreover, modern Egypt has not inherited the various cultures of ancient Egypt at all, so ancient Egypt can only survive in the archaeological world. So how long is the history of ancient Egypt, according to the discoveries of the archaeological community?
It was first formed in 5450 BC, what is this concept? The Xia Dynasty, the oldest slavery dynasty in China, was first formed in 2070 BC. This means that ancient Egypt predates our Xia Dynasty by more than 3,000 years.
More than 3,000 years can completely create another long civilization, and there are many civilizations that have not even been more than 3,000 years old. It can be seen that the civilization of ancient Egypt is indeed admirable, and it is the pride of all mankind.
In 3150 BC, the early dynasty completed the unification of the north and south of ancient Egypt, establishing the world's first unified state. If this country is compared with our Qin Dynasty, then the time gap can be reflected again.
The Qin Dynasty, led by Qin Shi Huang, completed its unification in 221 BC. That is to say, the early dynasty of ancient Egypt was nearly 3,000 years earlier than our Qin dynasty.
So where was the time of the fall of ancient Egypt? I'm sorry, but for now, the timing of the demise is still controversial. But that's basically the case.
1. Perished in 332 BC.
In 525 BC, the Persian Empire conquered ancient Egypt for the first time and established the 27th Dynasty. In 404 BC, the ancient Egyptians revolted and overthrew the dynasty established by Persia. Later they themselves established the 28th to 30th dynasties.
In 343 BC, the undead Persian Empire invaded ancient Egypt again, establishing the 31st Dynasty. By 332 BC, Alexander the Great, king of Greek Macedonia, had conquered the area, destroying the age of the pharaohs that had lasted in ancient Egypt for more than 3,000 years.
2. Perished in 30 BC.
So was 332 BC the end of ancient Egypt? In fact, there is a theory that when Alexander the Great died of illness, the general Ptolemy declared independence in Egypt and established the Ptolemaic dynasty.
Even though this era is no longer the age of the pharaohs, it is still recognized by historians as the last pharaonic age. The Ptolemaic dynasty collapsed in 30 BC. So the end of ancient Egypt can also be said to be 30 BC.
Why did ancient Egypt develop so early?
If it were not for divine providence, how could the ancient Egyptians have mastered so much super wisdom so early? It can be seen that the ancient Egyptians developed early, and naturally there was an element of divine favor in it.
From an objective point of view, it is also the result of the local people's own efforts. We can look at it from several aspects, why ancient Egypt was able to establish a unified civilization so early.
1. Ancient Egypt came with a complete language and writing system.
Before Qin Shi Huang unified the six kingdoms, each princely state had its own script, which caused the subjects of various princely states to be unwilling to unify. Therefore, Qin Shi Huang will unify the writing after the great unification.
In 2280 BC, ancient Egypt already had a fairly mature writing and language system, and Middle Egyptian became the classical literary language of Egypt. The writing and language of this period were already quite mature, and the process of gradual maturity was a long-term process.
For example, the coffin formed in 3150 BC, the inscription formed in 2700 BC, the holy book body formed in 2100 BC, etc., all indicate that the development of ancient Egyptian writing and language was quite developed at a very early age.
With text and language, it is naturally more convenient to upload and issue commands. In the past, everyone could only pass it on by word of mouth, and it was estimated that the meaning would change completely after it was passed on, but with the text, the efficiency and accuracy of passing orders would be greatly improved.
2. Complete religious belief system.
We all know that the big boss of ancient Egypt was called Pharaoh, but we don't know why it was called Pharaoh. In fact, Pharaoh was not only a nominal monarch, but also a religious leader at that time.
The religion at that time was the religion of ancient Egypt, a complete religious system that they had developed themselves. The three main themes of the religion are nature worship, king worship, and the worship of the undead.
And there are gods of all levels, of which the highest main god is related to the sun, namely: the sun god Ra, the sun god Amun and the sun god Aton.
The second is the high-ranking main god, and most of these gods are the children of the high-ranking lord god. For example, Tefnut is the sun god who coughs and coughs.
There are also some other ranks of gods. It can be seen that ancient Egypt established a religious system that belonged only to them. People at that time were very religious, and it is not the same now! Therefore, using religion as a tool of rule is the most convenient way.
3. Establishment of a centralized system.
If any civilization wants to develop by leaps and bounds, it must establish a centralized system. Qin Shi Huang's efforts to destroy the Six Kingdoms were to establish such a system.
The same was true of ancient Egypt, where the rulers were clever, not only inventing writing and religion to manipulate the country, but also deveoting a centralized system.
Pharaoh was the big boss, and all power went to Pharaoh. These include judicial power, executive power, legislative power, and so on. Pharaoh's orders were carried out by the following whole set of government teams.
The central government is responsible for the jurisdiction of local governments, while local governments are responsible for governing ordinary people, and the hierarchy is quite clear. And all levels of government were responsible to Pharaoh.
Under the pharaoh there was the prime minister, and under the prime minister there were bureaucrats at all levels, in addition to priests and nobles at all levels. They form the basic structure of government.
Further down are the ordinary people, the people are also classified, there are mainly several groups of people such as agriculture, industry and commerce, who are mainly responsible for the production work of the country. For example, you say that the pyramid was built by these old brothers.
Summary: Without wisdom, where is the civilization?
Many people say that the ancient Egyptian civilization was bragged about, and some even think that the pyramids are the product of hundreds of years. If you have conclusive evidence that this is the case, then you can publish a paper that is recognized by people around the world, and you can definitely sensationalize the world.
In the final analysis, the development of ancient Egyptian civilization is actually inseparable from wisdom. Writing, language, religion, institutions, etc., the establishment of these things, all need wisdom as a support.
As for the ancient Egyptian civilization before our ancient civilization, there is nothing to argue about. Besides, being earlier than us doesn't necessarily mean any benefit, does it? Isn't it destroyed! There is no need to say that it must be fake earlier than we are. Chinese civilization continues to this day, how can it be without a broad mind?
【Warm tips】:The source network of the article, the copyright belongs to the original author, if there is any impropriety, if there is infringement, please contact the notification to modify or delete
Share, watch and like, at least I want to have one