Just as football games have to have commentators, literary creation is inseparable from literary criticism. A crappy commentator can ruin an otherwise great game, and clumsy literary criticism can make a classic look nothing more.
In Chinese literature, there are two such good books that have been "told badly" by literary reviews.
One is "Dream of the Red Chamber". Probably because Chinese novels originated in wild history, some critics always want to explore the mysteries in the novels and find out the so-called "truth of history".
Either thinking that "Dream of the Red Chamber" is the family history of the Qing Dynasty's powerful minister Nalan Mingzhu, or thinking that there is a secret story about the kangxi dynasty's deposed prince Yin, and even more mysterious and mysterious, pointing to this novel as an assassination plan against Emperor Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty.
If you read this kind of literary criticism too much, and then pick up "Dream of the Red Chamber" to read, I am afraid that like nash, the paranoia scientist in "Beautiful Mind", he will always have to think that there are codes in the short life stories of those parents and have to be deciphered.
In addition to "Dream of the Red Chamber", another book that critics have told is the "Book of Poetry". Among the reviews about it, the negative impact of "Mao's Poetry" is the greatest.
It not only confused the audio-visual of ordinary people, but even some giants listed in literary history could not avoid being fooled by "Mao Biography". Many years ago, I memorized Xiang Xiu's "Thinking of the Old Gift", which contained these two sentences:
Sighing at the "Huang Li" Zhou Xi, sad "Mai Xiu" in Yin Ruins.
The meaning of these two sentences is that the "Huang Li" in the "Book of Poetry and Wang Feng" tells a similar story to the song of "Mai Xiu" preserved in the "History of the Song Dynasty". Sima Qian wrote in the Song Shijia:
After that, Jizi went to Zhou, passed away from the past, felt the destruction of the palace, gave birth to grass, and cried, and if he wanted to cry, he could not; if he wanted to cry, for his closest wife, he composed the poem "Mai Xiu" to sing it. His poem says: "Mai Xiu gradually becomes moist, and the oil is oily." He is cunning and not good with me! "The so-called cunning child, Shuya. When the people heard it, they all rant.
- "History of the Song Dynasty"
Miko was the brother-in-law of King Shang, the king of the fallen kingdom. The King of Sui loved himself and acted recklessly, and Miko repeatedly advised him on his immorality. Helplessly, the King of Qiu did not comply, and finally completed the Wu King Xingzhou, the world's Dingge. After the Western Zhou Dynasty Shang, Jizi was enfeoffed with the Song Dynasty, continuing the Yin Shang Yu vein.
It is said that as a prince, he passed through the Yin Ruins on the way to the pilgrimage to Zhou Tianzi, and the ruins of the broken walls and the deserted grass in front of him reminded him of the hatred of the king of Lu who refused to advise and destroyed the country, so he sighed and wrote a poem, which became this "Mai Xiu".
From ancient times to the present, many people believe, like Xiang Xiu, that history has had a surprising reincarnation: many years later, the Zhou people who personally buried the Yin Shang Dynasty also tasted the same sadness as Jizi.
An unknown Zhou Dynasty physician returned to HoJing after King Ping moved east to Luoyi, and the desolation of the old capital was no different from what Jizi had seen in Yin Ruins. So he imitated Miko's old work and wrote the following "Huang Li":
The detachment of The Pi, the seedling of the Pi Ji. The line is moving, the center is shaking.
Those who know me say that I am worried, and those who do not know me, what do I ask for?
Heavens and heavens! Who is this?
The detachment of the Pi, the spike of the Pi Ji. The line is mesmerizing, and the center is drunk.
Those who know me say that I am worried, and those who do not know me, what do I ask for?
Heavens and heavens! Who is this?
Peter is separated, and He is the truth. The line is moving, and the center is like choking.
Those who know me say that I am worried, and those who do not know me, what do I ask for?
Heavens and heavens! Who is this?
- "Poetry Wang Feng Huang Li"
The story about "Huang Li" was first told in the "Biography of Mao Shi". The original words of the Biography of Mao are as follows:
As for Zong Zhou, the palace room of the ancestral zong temple is all he, and the subversion of the Min Zhou room seems to be unbearable to go, and the composition is poetry.
- "Mao Shi Justice"
Realistically speaking, the content of the poem itself does not confirm that the identity of the protagonist is the "Zhou Dynasty Doctor" mentioned in the "Biography of Mao", and there are no relevant records that can support this identity in other documents.
The story told in mao chuan is not so much a test of the birth of the Book of Sorrows as a prophetic assertion, which has appeared in many of mao's commentaries on the Book of Poetry.
What is the basis for this assertion? I think the following situation is unlikely to occur:
That is to say, the "Biography of Mao" locked the protagonist of the poem "Huang Li" through the records of some historical documents that we do not know, and the historical documents that locked the identity of the characters unfortunately failed to circulate with the "Mao Biography" to this day.
If this is the case, then the Preface to Mao's Poems seems to refer to who the real protagonist's surname is, rather than the phrase "Zhou Dynasty Doctor" as it is now.
Another possibility, it seems, seems greater. That is, this vague figure of the "Zhou Dynasty Doctor" is an imaginary figure based on the following reasoning.
"Huang Li" is the first article of the "Book of Poetry and Wang Feng". Among the fifteen national winds, "King Wind" is a very special one. The Biography of Mao explains that "Wang Feng" means that after moving east to Luoyi, the status of Zhou Tianzi declined, his authority collapsed, and he had fallen to the point of being on a par with the princes of the nations, so the poetry that originated from Wang Qi of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty could no longer be regarded as "Yashi", but should be regarded as a work of the same nature as the poetry of the nations.
Regardless of whether this interpretation accurately hits the yuan meaning of "Wang Feng", it at least shows that in the consciousness of Mao Heng and Mao Chang, this word and even the volume of poems with its purpose are full of feelings of changes in the world and the rise and fall of the world.
Coincidentally, "Huang Li" is listed at the beginning of the "Wang Feng", and the way of starting up of "Pi Di Li, Pi Ji Zhi Miao" looks quite similar to the "Mai Xiu gradually fading, He Huang Oil Oil" in "Mai Xiu", which inevitably makes people think that "Huang Li" will not be the sigh of a certain Eastern Zhou author who hanged the old capital Of Haojing, just like the situation of many years ago, Mizi relied on hanging the song?
If, as I have reconstructed, "Mao Chuan" relies on the above reasoning to determine that "Huang Li" should be an ancient work, and even further infer that its author should be an Eastern Zhou doctor, then this inference may not be very reliable. Because the situation described in "Huang Li" is very different from that of "Mai Xiu".
"Mai Xiu" has only four sentences, "Mai Xiu is gradually getting dirty, and the oil is oily" We may as well think of the situation that Miko witnessed when she accidentally passed through the song.
However, when we apply this story and deduce that "as for Zong Zhou, it seems that he can't bear to go", these three chapters of the description in "Huang Li" are difficult to explain:
The detachment of The Pi, the seedling of the Pi Ji.
The detachment of the Pi, the spike of the Pi Ji.
Peter is separated, and He is the truth.
From breaking the soil and sprouting to flowering and spitting out ears, and then to producing a harvest of fruits, is this Zhou Dynasty doctor going to wander for a season in the ruined hometown?
Doesn't the "Biography of Mao" say that he was like a pilgrimage to Beijing and a hurried jizi, "marching to the end of the week", with a mission?
The poetry that arose in "Mai Xiu" was finally gathered in the two sentences of "He is cunning and cunning, not good with me". In these two verses, two characters appear, one is "I" and the other is the "bad boy".
The poet's lament focuses on the discordant relationship between "me" and "bad boy." For the Yin Shang Dynasty, "I" (i.e., Mizi) and "Bad Boy" (i.e., King Yin) were important figures, so the rupture of their relationship inevitably evoked the fate of the fall of the dynasty.
Unlike Mai Xiu, the poetry that arises in "Huang Li" should refer to the loneliness of "me":
"He who knows me is worried, and he who does not know me is what I ask for."
Although these two sentences are opposites, the meaning is on the side of "those who do not know me". It is precisely because I cannot find a voice and am not understood by people that "I" have to call out to heaven: "Oh my God, what kind of person am I?" The implication is, "You should have known, right?" ”
Why does "I" have such a strong sense of loneliness?
Let's reconstruct the scene of the poem: "I" saw the crops in the field sprouting from the ground and sprouting all the way to the fruit, and in my heart there was not only no joy of harvest, but all the melancholy and heaviness in my heart.
If he had changed Chen Zhongzhong's Bai Jiaxuan, who was embarrassed after a day of work, could he understand this melancholy? I guess not. Not only can he not, but who can understand any cropper who is as honest as he is?
So the story told in "Huang Li" presents such a strange scene: "I" am like those croppers who have been wandering among the acres all year round, watching the crops sprout and watching the crops blossom. After the harvest, everyone rejoiced, and only "I" turned a blind eye and was full of sorrow.
What kind of story should this be? Speaking of which, I am reminded of another passage in the Chronicle of History:
When Chen Shi was young, he tasted mediocre farming with people. On the ridge of quitting farming, I hated it for a long time. "Rich and noble, no forgetting!" The mediocre laughed and replied, "If it is mediocre farming, how can it be rich and noble?" Chen Shitai said, "Oh, Yan Que An Zhi Zhi Zhi Zhao!" ”
- "History of the Chen Shijia Family"
The birds and birds were all buried in the ground and pecking, but the eyes of the birds were only the vast sky. He didn't feel lonely and sighed to the sky, what could he do?
Of course, mentioning this story does not mean that I want to fight with "Mao Biao", but to point out that the author of "Huang Li" should be Chen Sheng.
I mean, when the poet shouts out "Yo yo heavens!" When he was in a state of mind, his state of mind was probably similar to that of Chen Sheng, who lamented the birds and birds. At this point in the poem, the work of commentary should actually be over. Take another step forward, I am afraid that it will become a snake painting.
— THE END —
The text | Prince of Jin
Typography | cream belly
The picture | the network