There is a story in "Han Feizi" that Dao is a Chu man who wrote a letter to the Yan State Minister.
At the time of the revision of the book, it was late in the day, and the Chu people commanded the attendants: "Raise the candle." As he spoke and wrote, he unconsciously wrote "holding up the candle" into the letter.
After seeing the letter, Yan Xiang repeatedly pondered the word "holding up the candle" and felt that it had a deep meaning: "Isn't the so-called 'holding up the candle' the meaning of Shang Ming?" And to establish a Qing Dynasty, it is impossible not to join the grand event with the talents. ”
Therefore, he presented this understanding to the King of Yan, who gladly accepted it, and the politics of the Yan kingdom also appeared to be on the rise.
Speaking of this story, Han Fei said sarcastically: "Governance is governance, not bookishness." Scholars in this world are more like this. ("Han Feizi Wai Chu said on the top left")
Reading the "Biography of Mao Shi" in the Han Dynasty, I have to think of the story of Han Fei from time to time--mao Heng and Mao Chang are not the "scholars of this world" mentioned by Yin Shuyan?
At least, when they explain the following "There is a Fox", I am afraid it is inevitable to be suspicious:
There are foxes and suissy, in PiQi Liang. The heart is troubled, and the son is unseen.
There are foxes and suissy, in Pi Qi Li. The heart is troubled, and the son is without a belt.
There are foxes, on the side of Pi Qi. The heart is troubled, and the son is unconvinced.
- "Poetry, Wei Feng, There Are Foxes"
To this little poem, the Biography of Mao explains:
There are foxes, thorns when also. The men and women of wei lost their time and lost their concubines. The ancient country has a fierce wilderness, then it kills and faints, and it will be a husbandless man and a woman, so the people are also educated.
- "Mao Shi Justice"
According to Mao Chuan, the poem "There Is a Fox" is about a widow who was unfortunately widowed in the war and accidentally saw a fox. The appearance of the fox Yu Yu alone made her feel pity in her heart—not for the fox, but for a widower who lived alone.
This unfortunate woman, who has experienced the breakdown of her family, is eager to start a new life with him.
From the narrative logic alone, "there is a fox" and "son" must be related, which we cannot but admit. After all, the structure of the three chapters of song and poetry is to start with the "fox" first, and then to describe the "son".
Is it just that this "fox" and "son" are really tied together because of a woman's pity, as "Mao Biao" says? Then I think there is still a need for discussion.
The reason why "Mao Biao" makes such an association is based on the fact that it interprets the "Sui Sui" of "sui sui" as "piling" (that is, walking alone).
Regarding this "Sui" character, the Shuowen Jiezi says that its original meaning is the rope used to pull when boarding the train. To board the car, of course, you must first tighten the rope and stabilize the car, so the word "Sui" can be derived from here to mean stability and appeasement.
The Qing Dynasty scholar Ma Ruichen's "General Interpretation of Mao's Poetry Notes" interprets "Sui Sui" as "Shu Xu Self-Sufficiency", using this extended meaning of the word "Sui". As in the Mao Chuan, the semantics of "loneliness" derived from the word "Sui" cannot be relied upon in exegesis.
And the lack of this basis will disintegrate the whole interpretation of "There is a fox" in "Mao Chuan": once there is a fox Sui Sui" can not be understood as a lone male fox, then why does the hostess Weng think of her favorite widower through this fox?
I personally thought that Mao Chuan's interpretation of this poem "There Is a Fox" probably made a mistake of "Yin Shuyan said". This is not only because of its unfounded interpretation of "Sui Sui", but more importantly, it ignores the cultural connotations inherent in the ancient folklore of the fox.
According to the Shuowen Jiezi, the fox was a demon beast ridden by ghosts in ancient legends. For this reason, the "Book of Poetry and The North Wind" describes that the Weiguo nobles wanted to escape under the dark and harsh rule, and borrowed foxes to render the doomsday scene of the group of demons dancing:
Mo Chi Bandit Fox, Mo Black Bandit Wu. Benefit and good me, hand in hand with the car.
- "Poetry, Shaofeng, North Wind"
Since the fox is so ominous, the woman compares a certain man to a fox, and she is afraid that she is not talking about acacia entanglement, but the opposite meaning of acacia entanglement.
For example, the betrayed abandoned woman in "Xiaoya He Rensi", when she mentioned the negative man, she rebuked him:
For the ghost is the sting, it is not available. There is a shy face, and it is reckless to regard people.
- "Poetry Xiaoya He Rensi"
"Dragon", according to the "Biography of Mao", is a short fox. So these four verses translated into the vernacular should look like this:
If you are a ghost or a fox spirit, then we must not see each other again in this life. Now you have a shy face and a nose and an eye, but the impression is capricious.
Seeing this, do you still believe that "there is a fox sui sui" can make a woman think of her beloved lover?
"Mao's Poetry" tells "There is a Fox" as a story similar to the American movie "Valley of Light" (Chinese translated as "True Love Recovery"):
In a remote mountain village town, a young widow falls in love with a wandering veteran. They suffered a lot in the big war that just ended, and this relationship rekindled their hopes for life — the story is good, but it has nothing to do with "There is a fox".
What story does "There Be a Fox" tell? The following event is likely to be a breakthrough in our understanding of this little poem:
In this poem, the mistress Ong goes out of her way to mention "son"—a word that, as literally translated, should be interpreted as "the man." But in the language habits of the Book of Verses, it is often synonymous with lovers - "no clothes", "no belts", "no clothes". Speaking of clothes, it is inevitable to remind people that fox fur is a dress that only those who are high-ranking officials and nobles can wear!
The Book of Poetry, Qin Feng, and Zhongnan writes:
Gentleman to the end, brocade fox fur.
- "Poetry Qin Feng Fox Qiu"
The Biography of Mao says that "fox fur" is "the dress of the imperial court." This explanation is accurate because the "Juniper Wind Lamb Qiu" "Lamb Qiu Idle, Fox Qiu To Chao" provides strong evidence for it.
According to this understanding, "there is a fox Sui Sui" should be an allusion to a nobleman dressed in court clothes wandering in Xu Shu on the shore of the Qishui River, and who will he be?
The answer may be inspired by the "Book of Poetry, Nanshan", because there is a sentence in this poem that is very similar to "there is a fox sui":
Nanshan Cui Cui, Male Fox Sui Sui. Lu Dao has a swing, Qi Zi by return. Both the end of the destination, the end of the twilight and the end of the nostalgia?
- "Poetry Qi Feng, Nanshan"
"Nanshan" is a poem that satirizes Qi Xianggong. Xianggong was despised by the chinese because of the improper male-female relationship between him and his half-sister Wen Jiang. At that time, Wen Jiang was already the wife of duke Lu Huan of the neighboring country. However, Duke Xiang of Qi committed adultery with Wen Jiang when Duke Huan and his wife came to visit the State of Qi. The scandal was revealed, and he killed Lu Huangong again.
What is the difference between such a mind and such an act and the devil? That's why poets used the phrase "male fox sui sui" to describe the ugly soul wrapped in the gorgeous leather robe.
"There are foxes" and "male foxes" look like twin brothers, and it is not excluded that they mean the same thing.
Gao Heng's Commentary on the Book of Poetry says:
The poor woman wrote this poem when she saw the exploiters, dressed in luxurious clothes, strolling freely by the water,while her husband was working naked in the fields.
- "Notes on the Book of Poetry"
Imagine standing at the "Qi Liang", sometimes appearing in the "Qi Li", sometimes stopping at the "Qi Side", and the ugly ruler wandering like a ghost.
And under his arrogant gaze, a group of naked coolies were immersed in the cold water of the ice, how could their wives not lament that "the heart is troubled, the son has no clothes"?
— THE END —
The text | Prince of Jin
Typography | cream belly
The picture | the network