The royal family style is to a large extent the embodiment of the political style of the feudal dynasty. Since the southern dynasty of the Song Dynasty Emperor Liu Yu opened the country, the royal family style has fallen into a strange circle. In each dynasty, there will be several faint, cruel, and infighting-loving sons of the royal family, sometimes even in series, which will eventually lead to their own deaths or the collapse of the dynasty.
Liu Yu, who was praised by Xin Forsaken as "swallowing the wind like a tiger", had a total of seven sons, but none of them died well. The reason behind this has to be attributed to the "absent father".
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Shen Yue wrote the Book of Song
Book of Song and The Chronicle of Emperor Wen
The lack of tutoring is endlessly harmful
"Male outside the female protagonist" is a typical family model. Many men focus on their careers, and do not pay much attention to taking care of the husband and wife and the parent-child relationship. And Liu Yu is a typical representative of this type of man.
Liu Yu (363-422) was born in the late years and was very poor in his early years, until he became Sima Wuxian, the general of the Northern Jin Dynasty Army, and his life gradually became richer and more stable, and he had the ability to have children on a large scale. In 406, Liu Yucai, who was 43 years old, had his first son, Liu Fu, and after that, he was out of control, and by the age of 52 in 415, he had seven sons.
The most critical for parents to educate their children is from early childhood to adolescence, and the child's personality, values, and style of behavior are basically fixed during this period. When Liu Yu's sons were young and young, it was during the period of rapid rise in Liu Yu's career. From 406 onwards, Liu Yu was busy suppressing Sun Enlu's rebellion, rebelling against the usurped Huan Xuan, northern expedition to Southern Yan and Later Qin, and he was both a political leader and an army commander, entangled in state affairs and complicated military affairs, and had no time to educate his sons.
There are also many tyrants who have become great events in ancient times, such as Cao Cao and Sun Jian of the Three Kingdoms, who are doing their work while educating their sons. However, Liu Yu did not have the conditions of Cao Cao and Sun Jian: Cao and Sun were 20 or 30 years older than their sons, and when they started a business, father and son went into battle together, replacing family education with practical exercise, so Cao Pi and Sun Ce could become talents. Liu Yu is 43 years older than the eldest son, Liu Yifu, and when he started his business, his son was still a child, there was no possibility of practicing exercise, and several sons did not receive any effective family education.
Some people say, can't sons be educated with their mothers? Hard. In ancient times, women were basically not exposed to politics, and Liu Yu's wives and concubines lacked good education. After Liu Yu's departure, his family inevitably developed an upstart mentality. Liu Yu's wife Zang Aiqin died in 409, and Liu Yu's concubines probably broke out into a fierce struggle over the position of right wife, and the concubine Hu Daonu who gave birth to Liu Yu's third son, Liu Yilong (later Emperor Wen of Song), died suddenly and inexplicably, and both the Book of Song and the History of the South say that the Hu clan was "condemned to death". There are many places where wives and concubines fight for the wind and jealousy, but as for forcing people to die, it can be seen that Liu Yu's family atmosphere is bad.
Liu Yuzuzi was with them, lacking excellent cultural edification and education, and instinctively cultivated a nouveau rich and short-sighted nouveau riche mentality.
After Liu Yu's death, his eldest son Liu Yifu became emperor, and the eighteen-year-old boy spent all his energy on squandering and enjoying in the short one-year imperial career, and the history records that Liu Yifu "sold it in Hualin Garden for the sake of the column." He also opened up the soil, and sang with the boats of the left and right, thinking that they were happy. Swim in the Tianquan Pond at night, that is, sleep in a dragon boat. "It is as if the treasures in the treasury will disappear if they are not enjoyed in time, and not only is the political personality unsound, but even the basic values are distorted. After a year of observation, several auxiliary ministers Xu Xianzhi, Fu Liang, Tan Daoji, and Xie Han concluded that the young man did not possess the qualities of a human monarch, so they joined forces to depose Liu Yifu and kill him shortly afterwards.
Liu Yu's second son, Liu Yizhen, was also outrageous in his obsession with money. In the fourteenth year of Yixi (418), the 11-year-old Liu Yizhen stayed in Guanzhong and was defeated by The Great Xia Helian Bobo. It is reasonable to say that Liu Yizhen should throw away all weights and withdraw as quickly as possible. However, at that time, the generals plundered in Guanzhong, and the army carried a large number of treasures and populations, and the marching speed was very slow, and it was only ten miles a day. The general Fu Hongzhi bitterly advised to throw away his belongings, and Liu Yizhen loved money as his fate, but he did not listen. As a result, he was caught up by the Xia army, and Liu Yizhen's army suffered casualties. Man dies for money, and birds die for food. This is also common in ordinary people, but it is fulfilled in Liu Yu's son, and who is the root of the disease can be seen at a glance.
The wind of arrogance and luxury is left to its own devices
When Liu Yu rarely educated and helped his son, his performance was very unsatisfactory. Liu Yizhen stayed with his father for several years, did not learn Liu Yu's excellent characteristics of firmness, courage, and sharpness, but learned Liu Yu's eclectic and non-etiquette side, because of the excellent characteristics need to be observed and studied for a long time and consciously, which is beyond instinctive active learning, rather than hearing and passive imitation can be done. On the contrary, Liu Yu's frivolous and free actions, which are extremely charismatic and easy to be imitated, have all been learned by Yizhen. The Book of Song says that he "moves lightly and has no moral karma", which is a characteristic similar to the style of his father when he was young.
Liu Yu did not notice the change in the young Yizhen, and did not correct what he did, so that Yizhen's character and style became more and more indulgent. In the year of Liu Yu's death, Yizhen went to the fiefdom of Liyang to take office. At that time, around Yi Zhen were some frivolous people, such as Xie Lingyun, Yan Yanzhi, Hui Lin Daoren, etc., these people originally shouldered the responsibility of educating and assisting Yi Zhen, who knew that their main business was not done, and they just played with Yi Zhen all day long. Xie Lingyun, in particular, "for sexual agitation, more regretfulness." Shang Shu worried Xu Xianzhi and sent someone to warn Yi Zhen not to get too close to them, so as not to damage the status of the king of the domain. But Righteousness really did not listen, and still went his own way. During Liu Yuguo's funeral, Yi Zhen took a boat to Li Yang, and seeing that his mother's wife's ship was more gorgeous than his own, he arbitrarily removed the ornaments on his mother's ship and decorated it on his own ship. This incident seriously violated the etiquette system of filial piety for the father, but Xie Lingyun and others not only did not stop it, but also aided and abetted the abuse, which made the people of the world cold.
Liu Yu was very fond of his fifth son Liu Yigong (413-465), and often took the young Yigong with him. Liu Yu's life is more frugal, usually eating with his family, the number of plates does not exceed five, but there is no restriction on Yigong, what to give, and the number of plates is uncountable. Some did not eat much and threw it away, wasting it badly, but Liu Yu never exercised self-control, so that he developed an arrogant nature. Liu Yu never took it seriously, thinking that the child was still young and would naturally change when he grew up.
How easy is it to change your personality habits? For example, if a small tree grows crooked, how much time and effort it takes to correct it. Liu Yu himself did not educate well, nor did he choose a morally hardened teacher for Yigong, and it was inevitable that Yigong would not become a tool when he grew up. When Yigong was 18 years old, he was more than his eldest brother Liu Yifu, squandering, rewarding, and wasting, completely losing Liu Yu's virtue of frugality. Moreover, a young child, he had already willfully married several wives and concubines. The third brother, Emperor Wen of Song, Liu Yilong, couldn't look past him and criticized him: "There is nothing to call for entering the moral cultivation, so I hate it and can't do it." (Book of Song) repeatedly warned him not to indulge his desires too much, especially when it came to spending money and marrying concubines.
It is only at this time that it is too late to persuade again. When Yigong became an adult, he had no strengths and was not valued by his brothers and nephews. Emperor Xiaowu of Song (son of Emperor Wen of Song and nephew of Yigong) raised an army to seize the throne, and although Yigong made great contributions and was worshipped as a taifu, Emperor Xiaowu's father and son were full of suspicion and contempt for him. Later, Emperor Xiaowu died and the former deposed emperor took the throne, and the absurd former deposed emperor killed his uncle Liu Yigong, "picking the eye essence, using honey to stain it, thinking that it was a ghost eye dumpling." "It led to a tragedy of clan killing."
Culture of exclusion Is rude and unwritten
In addition to the factors in the field of tutoring itself, Liu Yu's natural rejection of culture is also one of the reasons for the rudeness and inaction of zhuzi.
The so-called culture is not only a poetry endowment, but also a broad sense that includes many fields such as morality, philosophy, and education. When the Eastern Jin Dynasty transitioned to the south, the culture was in a period of sharp decline. The scholar class was the spokesman of culture at that time, but this class gradually became corrupt and degenerate during the two Jin Dynasties, lost its political and military status, and was replaced by the gradually rising han people.
The so-called Han people include both ordinary People with a certain level of education but low rank, as well as soldiers who started with military merit, and Liu Yu is the representative of the latter. The hallmark of this type of person is that he is rude and uneducated, and at the same time he despises the cultured scholars.
Liu Yu is a typical big old man, and his writing is very ugly. When the petty official does not matter, after mastering the power, you need to write instructions to your subordinates, you can't always write like a chicken pecking rice, Liu Yu's number one aide Liu Muzhi thought of a way, let him write big characters, the bigger the better, a piece of paper often only write six or seven words is full. Liu Muzhi said: "The big is enough to cover, and its momentum is also beautiful." "The effect of writing it is actually not bad, quite the domineering spirit of the emperor." These little tricks did not help to improve Liu Yu's cultural level, Liu Yu claimed to be the empress, did not make up for cultural knowledge like Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang, one was too short, he died after two or three years as emperor; second, he really had no motivation to learn cultural knowledge.
The worst thing was that Liu Yu carried out a brutal killing of the Gaomen clan at that time. The representative figures of the Taiyuan Wang clan, Wang Yu and Wang Sui' father and son, the representative of the Xie clan of Chen County, Xie Chao (grandson of Xie An, a famous minister of the Eastern Jin Dynasty), and famous scholars such as Diao Kui, Yin Zhongwen, and Xi Shengshi, were all killed by Liu Yu under various pretexts, including Liu Yu's entrepreneurial assistant Liu Yi. This person is a good scribe and quite involved in classics, although he is also a soldier from the cold door, but his personal temperament is diametrically opposite to Liu Yu. The two later turned against each other, and Liu Yi rebelled and was defeated and killed.
In such a big environment, the scholars are either far away from the political center, or change their identity to become military generals, and there will naturally be no famous scribes around the Liu Yu family, and formal assistance and education naturally cannot be talked about. On the contrary, a large number of small people with low cultural attainments and who like to take advantage of risks and profits gathered around the Liu sons, which aggravated the corruption of the personal qualities of the Liu sons.
However, Liu Yu's third son Liu Yilong was an exception, when he left the town of Jingzhou, the assistant ministers around him, such as Wang Hua and Wang Tan, were outstanding disciples of the scholar clan, and Liu Yilong could form a sound personality, a good character, and a considerable degree of literary accomplishment. Wang Hua and Wang Tan were the descendants of Wang Dao, a famous minister of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, a first-class high-gate clan, but they witnessed the dangerous situation at the end of the Jin Dynasty, wisely abandoned the growth path of the warrior clan who was stray and enterprising, and instead devoted themselves to the military brigade despised by the scholar clan in order to seek political progress, and the dilution of the label of the scholar clan made them escape Liu Yu's butcher's knife. Liu Yu himself did not expect that his own kindness would bring an excellent education to his son.
Liu Yu's other sons did not have such good luck. Liu Yu's sixth son, Liu Yixuan, was born with a short tongue and was not good at speaking, and has not been valued by his father and brother. Later, when he left the town of Jingzhou, a group of cold people around him instigated a rebellion to overthrow the newly enthroned Emperor Xiaowu, Liu Jun. Liu Yixuan could not stand them for a while, anyway, Liu Jun was also using force to seize the throne, why can't I? So they hastily raised troops to rebel, and finally they were eliminated because of their improper reputation and lack of preparation.
Liu Yu gave birth to seven sons, the eldest son Yifu and the second son Yizhen were all deposed and killed by the chancellor for misconduct, the third son Yilong was killed by his son, the fourth son Liu Yikang was killed by Yilong's suspicion, the fifth son Yigong was killed by his nephew, the sixth son Yixuan rebelled and was killed, the seventh son Yiji drank indiscriminately and fell seriously ill, plus he was jealous of the third brother Yilong, he died at the age of 33, and none of the seven brothers died a good death, which made people sigh. There are many reasons for this tragedy, but the lack of family education is a very important part. Liu Yuquan, the emperor of the Song Dynasty, who was extremely powerful and full of energy, knew that he would not regret it.
(Original title: "Many sons against the disaster" of the Song Wu Emperor)
Source: Beijing Evening News
Author Chen Fengtao
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