Historical Background:
On September 14, 1945, Chen Yinke went to London, England, to treat his eyes, and the diagnosis of blindness in both eyes was a foregone conclusion. In April 1946, he was blind in both eyes, so he resigned as the chief professor of sinology in Oxford, learned that the Aesthetic Medicine had no good advice, returned with a companion, passed through New York, returned to Shanghai at the end of May in despair, went to Nanjing, and returned to Beiping in October to teach at Tsinghua University. The poem was written while living in Jiangning District, Nanjing.
On October 10, 1945, the Two Sides reached the Minutes of the Talks between the Government and the Representatives of the Communist Party of China (the "Double Tenth Agreement"). From August 15, 1945, Chiang Kai-shek mobilized the strength of more than 20 divisions and 9 guerrilla columns in five theaters to take the lead in besieging the Liberated Areas of the Central Plains. Until the outbreak of a full-scale civil war in June 1946, the two sides continued to erupt in military conflicts in the northeast, north China, central plains, northwest china and other places under the military mediation of the three sides, and continued to expand, especially in the northeast.
On August 9, 1945, the Soviet Union sent troops to northeast China, the Japanese Kwantung Army was defeated, and the Soviet army captured northeast China, Inner Mongolia, northern Korea, South Sakhalin Island and Kuril Islands. During this period, the Soviet troops stationed in the northeast repeatedly violated discipline, which not only seriously damaged their national image, but also caused the Chinese people, especially the people in the northeast, to gradually dilute their gratitude to the Soviet Union, and turned into resentment, hoping that the Chinese government would take over the political power as soon as possible and straighten out public order; Northwest Yan'an was also deeply dissatisfied with what the Soviet Union had done in the northeast, proceeding from the national sovereign interests and the general national righteousness, hoping that "the sooner the Soviet army withdraws from the northeast, the better." On February 22, 1946, more than 20,000 students, teachers and staff from more than 20 schools in Chongqing held a march, distributing along the way the "Letter to compatriots in the whole country" and the "Letter of Protest to the Soviet Union", etc. Fu Sinian, Ren Hongjun, Chu Anping and 20 cultural figures issued "Our Protest against the Secret Agreement of Yalta", demanding that the National Government "no longer have any behavior of losing national sovereignty and interests", which aroused widespread concern from all walks of life.
Original poem: Southern Dynasty
The Golden Powder Southern Dynasty is the old tour, and Concubine Xu is half-faced and full of wind.
The heavens have died for three thousand years, and the green bones have become gods for twenty autumns.
Going to the country wants to dry eyes and tears, and the floating family falsely says five lakes boat.
In England, the lights are high up at night, and the wounds are more white-headed.
In the spring of 1946, this record was cited in "On the Origin of Regeneration" when the title was "Cheng shu chun is ineffective in curing eye diseases, will leave London to return to China, temporarily live in Jiangning, feel endowed", Wu Mi banknotes are entitled "Coming to London to treat eye diseases will be returned to Jiangning in the east".
Appreciation:
The "gold powder" in the sentence "The Southern Dynasty of Gold Powder is the Old Tour" comes from the Tang Dynasty Jingzhen's "After the Title of the Book" verse: "Gold powder is the weight of the book, and the old Xu Right Army in the Yellow Court is many." "Meaning gold powder or golden powder." The Southern Dynasty (南朝) is a 420-589 dynasty in Chinese history that collectively referred to four dynasties established by the Han Chinese, the Upper Jin Dynasty and the Lower Qi Sui Dynasty, with a total of 24 emperors and 169 years; here it refers to Nanjing. The whole sentence is that nanjing, which has been played in the golden splendor before, has been played.
"Xu Fei half face foot wind flow" sentence is based on the Tang Dynasty Li Shangyin's "Southern Dynasty" "Hugh boasted that this place divided the world, only Xu Fei half face makeup" came. "Concubine Xu" (徐妃) was Xu Zhaopei (徐昭佩), a native of Tan County, Donghai County, the wife of Emperor Xiao Ofe of Liangyuan, who was ordinary in appearance, debauched, had an adulterous affair with the monk ZhiYuandao, a servant and Ji Jiang, who was fond of drinking and jealousy, often teased Xiao Xuan, killed Concubine Xiao Xuan many times, and in the third year of the Taiqing Dynasty (549), he was forced to commit suicide and die by throwing himself into a well. The literal translation of the whole sentence is that Concubine Xu was ordinary, but she was not debauched, alluding to the fact that the National Government at that time was constantly enjoying pleasure and being extremely corrupt.
The phrase "The heavens are dead for three thousand years" is derived from the slogan "The heavens are dead, the yellow sky is standing, the age is in the armor, and the world is auspicious" put forward by Zhang Jiao during the Yellow Turban Army Uprising at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. The literal translation of the whole sentence is that the Eastern Han Dynasty has been destroyed for three thousand years, alluding to the danger of the collapse of the National Government and its replacement.
In the sentence "Qingbone becomes a god in the twenty autumns", the "green bone" Of the Jin Dynasty Ganbao "Search for Gods" Volume V: "Jiang Ziwen, Guangling people also." Alcoholic, lustful, unscrupulous, often claiming to be pure in his bones, and dying as a god. Later, "green bone" refers to fairy bones. "Green bones into gods" refers to the god-making movement from Sun Quan of the Three Kingdoms to the Six Dynasties era to daxing jiang wang temple and sacrifice Jiang Ziwen. The literal translation of the whole sentence is that Jiang Ziwen was sacrificed as a god in the temple of King Chiang kai-shek for twenty years, which is a metaphor for Chiang Kai-shek's ruling power in the National Government and becoming the supreme commander.
The phrase "to go to the country with tears in your eyes" has many meanings, and here it is to leave the country. Literally translated as the tears in his eyes when he left the motherland, he would dry up. It is a metaphor for leaving his homeland to the United Kingdom to treat eye diseases, but he was diagnosed with the pain of blindness in both eyes.
The phrase "floating family falsely says five lakes boat" describes the boat as home, living on the water, drifting uncertainly, borrowing to live on a boat to London, England. "Hypocrisy" is a reduction of the idiom truth. "Five Lakes Boat" refers to the story of Fan Li in the "Chinese Yue Language" in which Fan Li took a light boat to float on the Five Lakes. The whole sentence refers to his life on the boat to and from London to cure eye diseases, just like Fan Li swims on the five lakes in a small boat, and no one knows his inner pain.
The phrase "England" refers to the British Isles, including England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, which should be a name for the United Kingdom during the Republic of China. The literal translation of the whole sentence is that the British high-rise buildings are lined up and illuminated at night.
In the sentence "Hurt farewell to the spring is more whitehead", the "wound farewell" is sad because of the parting, and it is speculated that the author mainly refers to the fact that when the author was passing through New York, Zhao Yuanren and several other old friends boarded the ship to visit, and according to relevant historical records, the scene was very tragic when they were separated. "Wounded Spring" directly means sad spring light passed, in fact, it is a metaphor for major national events, and like Du Fu's several "Wounded Spring", it shows what those corrupt and incompetent people who live in the temple have made the country look like. The whole sentence is to say goodbye to friends and touch on the national events that have passed away with the spring light, which can only add more white hair on the head.
The poem borrows allusions and stories such as Xu Fei's affair in the Six Dynasties era, Jiang Ziwen's god-making movement, Fan Li's floating on the Five Lakes in a light boat, and combined with the scene of his disability and parting after being diagnosed with blindness in London, England, the sad and indignant people in power are constantly enjoying themselves and being corrupt to the extreme, alluding to the corrupt and incompetent temple dwellers of the National Government, making the country look like the Southern Dynasty. There is its own misfortune in the poem, and there is also the great misfortune of the country.
Original poem: Northern Dynasty
The sheep cheese soup has been aged, and the Yangtze River Graben Bureau has been renovated.
Jin Ou is no longer in Henan, and Yu Ma is competing for outer spring.
The banner of the Tiger Brigade Hanying was changed, and the Pelican Hu language complained frequently.
Only the remaining volumes of Galan records, tears stained thousands of autumns of paper dust.
Spring 1946.
In the sentence "The soup of the sheep cheese is already chen", the "蓴" is the same as the "莼". "Sheep cheese soup" comes from the "World Speaking New Language and Speech": "Lu Ji Yi Wang Wuzi, Wuzi in front of the number of sheep cheese, refers to Lu Yue: 'Why is Qing Jiangdong hostile to this?'" Lu Yun: "There are thousands of miles of lettuce soup, but there is no salt soy sauce ear." Later, this canon refers to the specialties of the hometown, with the meaning of praising and missing the hometown, mostly referring to Wudi, and here it refers to Nanjing. The story of "sheep cheese soup" directly translated as Wuzi and Lu Ji and Lu Yun is old, alluding to the fact that the Nanjing government is about to become an old story.
The sentence "Renovation of the Yangtze River Heavenly Graben Bureau" is from the "Nanshi Sun Fan Biography": "The Sui division will be the Jijiang River, and the group of officials should be prepared, Fan Song said: 'The Yangtze River Heavenly Graben, the ancient times are dangerous, how can the yu army fly across?'" "It refers to the Yangtze River as a natural pit and danger, and describes the terrain of the Yangtze River as dangerous and insurmountable." "Renovation" should be changed from the old to the new, or also mean to change. The whole sentence is that although the terrain of the Yangtze River is dangerous and insurmountable, the situation is quietly changing. This sentence can be read continuously with the poem "The Yangtze River Heavenly Graben is in Ya" in the author's 1949 "Self-Ugly Qingming Day Role Dongpo Rhyme", and you can know the metaphor in it, which refers to the quiet change in the power of the Kuomintang and the Communists.
The "Jin Ou" in the sentence "Jin Ou is no longer lacking in Henan Province" comes from the "Nanshi Zhu Yi Biography" that "the mainland family is like a Golden Ou, and there is no injury." "A great river and mountain that is a metaphor for the integrity of the motherland." Henan "Henan" Henan, ancient name of the Central Plains, Yuzhou, Zhongzhou, because most of them are located south of the Yellow River, so the name Of Henan is referred to as "Yu", which refers to the Central Plains. The literal translation of the whole sentence as the complete river and mountain once again misses the Central Plains, alluding to the fact that the Kuomintang and the Communist Party took the lead in clashing in the Central Plains.
There are many interpretations of "jade appearance" in the sentence "jade appearance controversy and exaggeration of outer spring", and it is more appropriate to use the honorific title or youth of people's appearance here. "Saiwai" refers to the outer border areas of China, generally referring to the northern region of China, and here refers to the northwest region centered on Yan'an. The literal translation of the whole sentence is that the good-looking people rushed to praise the spring light outside the country, alluding to the fact that the NLD, founded on March 19, 1941, responded to the call of the Communist Party of China to establish a democratic coalition government, and in the course of the Political Consultative Conference and the peace talks between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, the NLD cooperated closely with the CPC delegation to promote the success of the peace talks.
The "Tiger Brigade" in the sentence "Tiger Brigade Hanying Banner Change" is a combination of the Tiger Brigade and the Brigade Ben Clan, referring to the brave army, which is a metaphor for the Northeast Soviet Army. "Han Camp" refers to the Han Dynasty's yingpan, which borrows the story of Ku Yue's pro-Cao Cao under Liu Biao, and here is a metaphor for The Rivers and Mountains of China. The literal translation of the whole sentence is that the brave army will change the flag sooner or later on the land of the mainland, alluding to the Soviet army in the northeast to change the ownership of the land.
In the sentence "鹍絃胡語 grudge en pin" the sentence "絃" is the same as "string". "Pelican String" is from Liu Xiaoqi's "Night Listening to the Prostitute Endowed with Dark Night Cry" "The quail string and quit playing, the crane exercise suspends the emblem." "Refers to the lute strings made from the processing of quail tendons, which here is a metaphor for the Soviet Union. "Hu language" Hu language is a language that refers to the ethnic groups in the northwest and the north, alluding to Yan'an in the northwest. "Grievance" originated from the Spring and Autumn Guan Yin, and later Xin abandoned the disease to change the ancient poem "Qinyuan Spring" and there is a verse that reads "Lao Tzu lived a peaceful life, laughed all over the world, and the children complained", which refers to the love and resentment. The literal translation of the whole sentence quail string and Hu language frequently promotes love and resentment, alluding to the relationship between the Soviet Union and the northwest, there are Soviet troops to recover the favor of the northeast, there are also complaints about violations of discipline in the northeast.
The "Jialan Ji" in the sentence "Only a few volumes of Jia lan ji" is the abbreviation of the Luoyang Jia Lan Ji written by Yang Xuanzhi of the Northern Wei Dynasty, which is a famous work that integrates history, geography, Buddhism, and literature, and together with Li Daoyuan's "Notes on the Water Classics", it has always been considered to be the double bibi of Northern Dynasty literature. The full sentence is literally translated as the Only Few Volumes left of the Garan Chronicle, a metaphor for the author's antipathy and resentment toward the Soviet Union's forcing the Nationalist government to sign and recognize the independence of Outer Mongolia.
In the sentence "Tear stains are dusty on paper", "tear stains" refers to tear stains. "Thousand Autumns" refers to a thousand years of time. "Dust" here can refer to the dust that stops attached to the object, and can also refer to the red dust or mortal dust of the real world of Buddhism and Taoism. The whole sentence is based on Wang Anshi's "Reading History" from "It is better to be virtuous and to keep the dust on the paper of a thousand autumns alone", which literally translates as tear stains soaked with the dust on the paper of the millennium, alluding to his dissatisfaction with and powerlessness with the dust in reality, especially the indignation of the Soviet Union forcing Outer Mongolia from the great rivers and mountains of the motherland as a buffer country.
The whole poem is used a lot of dictionaries, and it is particularly obscure. He mainly expressed his antipathy to the Soviet Union for forcing the Soviet Union to force the Soviet Government to sign the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance (this treaty and related annexes stipulated the independence of Outer Mongolia and some other matters that undermined China's sovereignty and interests), drew out the indignation of Outer Mongolia as a buffer country from the great rivers and mountains of the motherland, and the indignation that acted arbitrarily and wantonly in the northeast, and expressed his dissatisfaction with and powerlessness in reality.
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