In more families, the second child follows the mother's surname
The Mainland Marriage Law clearly stipulates that children can take their father's surname or their mother's surname. Why? Let's start with this. "Surname" and "first name" are originally twin brothers. But now some parents have changed their "surname" in order to take care of their children. After the birth of the child, whether it is the first child or the second child, the child's name can be surnamed Zhang or Wang.
The purpose of this provision is to demonstrate the full equality of husbands and wives in the marital relationship and to prevent the notion of "son preference" from leading to uncontrollable childbearing. However, with the progress of the times, social development and the improvement of people's living standards, "feminism" has become a trend. In the past, the situation was that "the name of the fat husband's child is not the same as the mother's family", in the past, it was generally the son-in-law who could follow the mother's surname, and the woman who married the man, regardless of how many children, was generally with the father's family name.
You may have noticed that with the opening of the second and third children, there are indeed many families with many children around, especially most of the second children have the name of the mother. This is not only because of the benefits of following the mother's surname, but also because of the current one-child policy, so that many parents have chosen to follow the mother's surname. Of course, there are many ways to follow a mother's name. However, in this case, many people still have difficulty accepting the child's surname as the mother's surname, let's take a look at the data from the Fourth Survey of Women in China in 2021:
Only 40 percent of respondents are willing to give their children the name of their mother, and even 28.7 percent of respondents said that children with different surnames cannot inherit their parents' inheritance equally. Behind this is people's prejudice against family genetics. So what is it that causes Chinese family concept to be so weak? Is it the deep-rooted family culture or is it the social environment that has caused this situation? The answer is self-evident! Unlike many people who have come out of thousands of years of tradition, the idea that women cannot pass on family genes is physiologically credible?
Male with familial genes? It's an incredible topic. However, in real life, there are men who have unique and powerful abilities and can even inherit the same or similar characteristics as women. Why is that? The truth is: the Y chromosome is shorter than the X chromosome and has a smaller gene load!
In real life, the child's genes do disappear with the mother's name for several generations, while the man's genes can be found for thousands of years, can only men inherit the family's genes?
To put it bluntly, the idea that men inherit family genes is completely incorrect! You know, every normal person's chromosomes and mitochondria have 20,000 to 30,000 genes. And each person has two or more chromosomes, so there are many differences. Whether male or female, 22 of the 23 pairs of chromosomes are autosomal and carry the same amount of genes, not just because you're male.
Essentially, the determinant sex chromosome is the 23rd pair of chromosomes in humans, corresponding to XX and XY for both men and women. Do you know? In fact, the Y chromosome is smaller than the X chromosome, which means that the X chromosome carries more inherited genes than the Y chromosome. That is to say, the Y chromosome carries much more genetic information than the X chromosome, so it plays an important role in the human body. So, what is "gene"? The Y chromosome carries the genes that determine male sexual characteristics, while the X chromosome contains not only genes related to sex, but also some genes related to intelligence.
Why do X-linked recessive genetic disorders like red-green blindness occur more frequently in men who bring their own? Why are women more susceptible to the disease than men?" The interaction between genetics and the environment leads to the inevitability of the occurrence of human diseases themselves. "This seems to have become a accepted conclusion in the medical community. But what's the problem? The answer is widely disputed. The root cause is that the Y chromosome in men is relatively small and prone to the lack of some genes that match X, while the sex chromosome for women is X, and as long as an X chromosome gene is normal, it usually does not appear.
Why does scientific research show that a man's intelligence is largely influenced by his mother? Why does a woman's intelligence gradually decrease with age? Can't we really blame heredity for these problems? (1) "Men's genes can be traced for thousands of years, while women's genes are gone for generations." The reason is that men's X chromosomes must have been obtained from their mothers, and some genes on the X chromosome happen to be related to intelligence. In short, whether it is the number of chromosomes or the amount of gene they carry, there is absolutely no scientific basis for the statement that "men's genes can be preserved for thousands of years, and women's genes can be preserved for generations".
Is the Y chromosome really passed from male to female, but can only the maternal mitochondrial gene pass on to her offspring?
In real life, there are still people who accuse women of having boys, but people who know a little about chromosomes can't be so wrong. In fact, this statement is wrong. The so-called "giving birth to a boy" and "giving birth to a girl" is actually a biological concept. From a genetic point of view, there are no more than two reasons for having children: one is heredity; the other is the role of the mother. Simply put, in order to have a son, you have to get a Y chromosome from your father, and that's something your mother can't decide because the most typical feature of the Y chromosome is that it "passes from male to female" and is only present in the male gene cells of the body.
What is even less well known than this is that, in addition to the genetic properties of the Y chromosome, mitochondrial genes are actually specific when inherited, because their distribution mechanism is not random or evenly distributed between the mitochondrial genes of both parents, but comes entirely from the mother.
It is well known that sperm are much smaller than oocytes. The number of mitochondria in the plasma of the two cells is not the same. So-called mitochondrial genes are present in the mitochondria. Even if the mitochondria in sperm enter oocytes during fertilization, they are broken down by enzymes, so the mitochondrial genes in the child's body come entirely from the mother.
That is, men tend to inherit more than 4% more genes from their mothers than from their fathers, further negating the idea that men inherit family genes.
Genetically speaking: "The son follows the father's surname, and the woman follows the mother's surname", or "the son follows the mother's surname, and the woman follows the father's surname", all of which have their rationality!
In real-life scenarios, requiring a child to follow his father's surname or a son to follow his mother's surname may be labeled "son preference", but for genetic reasons.
Life begins with the union of sperm and eggs, so the genetic material that new life obtains from its parents, although not exactly "AA", is not much different, the risk of childbirth is borne mainly by women, and therefore it is unfair that the surname of a child cannot be jointly determined by the mother.
However, this is not the main point I want to say today, but from a genetic point of view, it is reasonable for children to use the surname of their father or mother:
For example, "the son follows the father and the daughter follows the mother", according to this statement, family history can be traced back to the maternal and patrilineal lines, respectively, and the mitochondrial DNA of women with the same surname is the same, and the Y chromosomes of men with the same surname are the same.
Men inherit their father's Y chromosome, which can only come from patrilineal ancestors, so the surname is closely related to the Y chromosome.
Both men and women get mitochondrial DNA from their mothers, but once men get it, they can't pass it on, so passing mitochondrial DNA from mother to offspring, and daughters taking the mother's surname is equivalent to linking the mother's ancestors to female heirs with common mitochondrial DNA.
Why is it reasonable to say that "the son follows the mother's surname and the daughter follows the father's surname"? In fact, it depends on how much genetic material you inherit. That is to say, the way and order of inheritance are not fixed, but constantly changing. So, what is the law of this change? Let's start with an example. As mentioned earlier, in theory, men get more genetic material from their mothers than from their fathers, which is determined by the fact that the Y chromosome is shorter, carries less of its own gene load (and is in a degenerative state), and only the mother's mitochondrial DNA can be passed on to the son.
The daughter's two X chromosomes, one from the mother and the other from the father, have a larger gene load than the Y chromosome, so the daughter inherits more genetic material from the father than the son inherits from the father. (4) Based on the above conclusions and analysis results, we can conclude that daughters are more able to inherit patrilineal culture than sons; at the same time, it can also be shown that women in ancient times had a stronger influence on their offspring than men. In other words, a daughter inherits more genes from her father than a son, and a son is less qualified than a daughter to use her father's surname, if correct from the ancient view of "procreation".
If the name of the mother of the second child is taken as a strange phenomenon, and it is believed that she inherited the name of her grandfather, then it is better to think of the freedom of her name as an advocate for diluting the surname and the son's ability to inherit incense, etc. From a medical point of view, following the mother's surname and the father's surname is not a bad thing. Fundamentally, no matter who the child's name is, it does not affect the information inherited to the body, the mother's name does not change, and the father's name does not change.