Dr. Zhong Zhenzhen was born in 1950 in Nanjing. He is currently a professor at Nanjing Normal University and a doctoral supervisor. Director of the Institute of Ancient Literature Collation. He is also the guidance professor of the "Foreign Scholars Chinese Culture Research Scholarship" of the National Scholarship Council, the president of the Chinese Rhyme Literature Association, the vice president of the Global Chinese Poetry Association, the consultant of the Chinese Poetry Society, the general consultant of the "Poetry Conference" of CCTV, the consultant of the poetry platform of "Listening to the Rain in the Small Building", and the Distinguished Professor of the Wenjin Pulpit of the National Library. He has been invited to lecture at more than 30 famous overseas universities such as Yale and Stanford in the United States.
Professor Chung Chung ChunG E-mail(35)
1. Tang CaoSong's poem "Difficult to Recruit into the Sword Soul"
Netizen Snowflake asked: Tang Dynasty Cao Song's "Hanging Jia Island" poem two of the two poems are one of them: "Sir does not fold the gui, who goes to hold what wrong." It has been buried away from the swallow bone, and it is difficult to recruit the sword soul. The tomb is low but grassy, and the child cries over the ape. If you are lonely, you should invite you to discuss. "May I ask Teacher Zhong, what does the fourth sentence mean, "It is difficult to summon the sword soul"?
Zhong Zhenzhen replied: This has to start from the beginning of this poem.
"Sir does not fold the gui", which means that Jia Dao did not pass the examination. The New Book of Tang, vol. 176, "Han Yu Chuan Chuan Jia Dao Biography" records that Jia Dao "lifted up the jinshi" and "lifted up the top, not the first".
"Who goes to hold what is wronged" means that Jia Dao has been wronged and belittled. Ibid., Jia Dao "sat on the flying slander and degraded the main book of the Yangtze River during the reign of Emperor Wenzong." "Yangtze River", Changjiang County in the Tang Dynasty, belonged to Sui Prefecture (present-day Suining, Sichuan).
"Buried away from the swallow bone" means that Jia Dao has died and has been buried. According to the above book, Jia Dao was a Fanyang native. "Fanyang", Fanyang County in the Tang Dynasty, belonged to Zhuo Prefecture (涿州, in modern Hebei). During the Spring and Autumn Warring States period, the area belonged to the Yan state. "Leaving Yan" refers to Jia Dao leaving his hometown. The ibid., it is also recorded that Jia Dao "joined the army and moved to Sihu with Puzhou Sicang at the beginning of Huichang, but was not ordered to die." "Huichang" is the era name of Emperor Wuzong of Tang. "Puzhou", in the area of present-day Anyue, Sichuan. Jia Dao died in Anyue and was buried on the spot. His tomb is recorded in the Song Dynasty Elephant's "Jisheng of Youdi" and Ming Lixian's "Ming Yi Tongzhi".
"It is difficult to recruit a sword soul", which means that Jia Dao died in distant Sichuan, and the soul is difficult to return. "Sword", in the Tang Dynasty, there was Jiannan Province, and its main area was present-day Sichuan. The Changjiang County and Puzhou where Jia Dao served belonged to Jiannan Province. The road is named because it is south of the Sword Gate Pass. Jianmen Pass, in the territory of present-day Guangyuan, Sichuan, was one of the main transportation routes from Shaanxi to Sichuan. "Entering the sword" means that Jia Dao entered the sword gate and closed to the Jiannan Province to take office.
Netizen Xing asked: "It is like searching for sentences, it is advisable to invite He to discuss." "Why is it called He Zhizhang?
Zhong Zhenzhen replied: Because He Zhizhang had a very high status in the political arena and the literary world at that time, his poems were well written, and he had a strong ability to appreciate poetry, and more importantly, he could reward his backwards.
Tang Mengqi (according to the original "Meng Tang", according to Professor Chen Shangjun's research, as "Meng Qi") "Benshi Poem Gao Yi" said: "Li Taibai first came from Shu to Beijing and gave up the reverse brigade. He Jianzhi heard of his name and visited him for the first time. Both strange and strange, please ask for the text. Out of the "Shu Dao Difficulty" to show it. Unfinished, the number of sighers is four, and the number is 'who immortal'. Untie the golden turtle for wine, and pour out drunk, the period is not intermittent. By is the praise of the glory of the he. He also saw his "Wuqi Qu" and sighed bitterly: "This poem can cry ghosts and gods." ’”
This can also be confirmed in Li Bai's own poems. One of the two poems of his "Remembrance of Wine" is known: "There are crazy guests in Siming, and the wind and currents are he Jizhen." When Chang'an saw each other, he called me an immortal. Once a good cup of contents, turn into pine dust. The golden turtle changed the wine, but remembered the tears. "He Zhizhang character Ji Zhen, in his later years to call himself "Siming Fanatic", see the new and old "Tang Shu He Zhizhang Biography".
When Li Bai first arrived in Chang'an, the name of the poem was not very obvious, and it was He Zhizhang who made him popular. Therefore, Cao Song said at the end of the condolence poem: Mr. Jia, if you are still writing poems in the underworld, it is best to ask Lord He Zhizhanghe to comment - he will definitely make your poem famous!
This is a lament that the fame of Jia Dao's poetry before his death is not big enough, and it is not commensurate with his actual achievements.
"Hades", referring to Hades. Tang Li fuyan "Continued Xuan Wei Lu Lu Servant Shooting from history": "Servant shooting goes to people for a long time, why not be born in people, and stay lonely for a long time?" ”
"Search sentences" accurately describes the characteristics of Jia Dao's poem "bitter chanting".
2, Song Wu Wen English words "afraid of smelling the well leaf west wind"
Poet friends ask now and once: Song Wu Wenying's "Qiu Rui Xiang Qixi" words: "Lazy bath new cool sleep early." Xuejing burgundy smiled. Leaning up the stairs to put the embroidery needle small. Moon cold wave light dreaming. 〇 afraid to smell the well leaf west wind arrived. Hate how much. Pink River did not say a word. The clouds and rain are not yet here. "Teacher, what do you mean by the word "well leaf"?
Zhong Zhenzhen answered: The sycamore leaves by the well.
In Tang and Song poetry, especially when it is written that autumn comes, "well" and "sycamore" are "standard". Tang Wang Changling's "Long Letter Autumn Words" five songs are one of them: "The autumn leaves of the Golden Well Sycamore are yellow, and the bead curtain does not roll up the night to frost." Li Bai's poem "The Jiangnan of the Farewell Brother Taiqing" says: "The sycamore falls into the golden well, and a leaf flies to the silver bed." Cen Shan's poem "Autumn Night Reading Youxing Dedication Department Li Shilang" says: "Rain and moss invade the green steps, and autumn sycamore covers the well yellow." Zhang Shu's poem "Chu Concubine Complaint" says: "The golden well under the leaves of the sycamore, the horizontal frame is reeled and the su su is pulled." Zhang Hu's "Wall Flower" poem two of the two: "Crickets mingling cave room, sycamore falling into the golden well." Song Liuyong's "Qi Clan" (late autumn) words: "Sills are sparse, and jingwu is chaotic and smokey." Liu Zhihan's "Water Tune Song Head Xiantian Du Tong" lyrics: "Cool dew washes the golden well, and a leaf under the sycamore." Fan Chengda's "Bu Operator" (Cool Night Bamboo Hall Virtual) said: "Where is the most knowledge of autumn, the wind is in WutongJing." Yu Jie's "Rui He Xian" (strange newcomer thin) words: "Mink Qiu is getting colder." Listen to the sycamores and knock on the dew well. Wu Wenying's first "Huan Xi Sha" (wave face copper flower cold not received) also said: "The west wind Wujing leaf is first worried." "These are all examples, see also.
Editor's Note:
Welcome friends to continue to the public number behind the album, leave a message you want to ask Professor Zhong all the questions about poetry. The answers will be published in this issue.
Author/Zhong Zhenzhen Editor/Feng Xiao
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Xiaolou Weekly submission format, for example:
Revisit Gaizhu Mountain
Zhang Xuefang (Zhejiang)
The mountain cover is green bamboo, and the wind depicts ink drawings.
Alone with the drizzle, stepping on the pain and falling flowers.
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