As a literary ally, Han Yu has many students influenced by it, and the most representative of them are Mengjiao and Jia Dao.
Speaking of these two, they were named "Thin on the Cold Island in the Suburbs" by posterity. From this name, it can be seen that in fact, these two people are very poor.
Mengjiao was forty-six years old before he was awarded the title of Lieutenant of Liyang County, and he did not like this job, so he had to ask someone to take over the post, and the remaining little of Feng Lu was used to support his elderly mother. What about Jia Dao, why be a monk? Among them, there is naturally a need to solve the problem of food and clothing.
Ouyang Xiu once discussed with his friends who was poorer in Mengjiao and Jia Dao? Mengjiao said:
Autumn solstice is older and poorer, and the broken house has no door.
A moon fell on the bed, and the four walls of the wind entered the clothes.
- "Fifteen Songs of Autumn Nostalgia"
Jia Island said:
Although the sideburns are silky, they can't weave winter clothes.
Sit and smell the cold of the west bed, freeze and fold two or three strings.
- "Ke Xi"
Meng Jiao had to take care of his old mother, who was "close to the seam" for him, and had to continue to move forward after spitting out bitterness. Jia Dao, if he does not agree with him, he will go into hiding, and if he does not succeed in the scientific expedition, he will become a monk. Not only does he not look at the face of the society, but he is also not fed by the food, so Ouyang Yongshu feels that Jia Dao is actually poorer. This story can appear at the Tang Dynasty Poets' Conference, but it is poetry that really makes them famous.
How powerful are Jia Dao's poems? I have to start with a visit to a friend. On this day, Jia Dao went to visit his hermit friend, Li Ning. When I came back, I meditated as usual. Think on the bed, think on the ground, think on the road on a donkey. Just as he was leaning on a donkey and li he was looking for a chapter excerpt, he bumped into the car of the official Shangshu and mayor Han Yu. Jia Dao was taken up confused, saw Han Yu, explained that he was just composing poetry, and chanted out the two sentences he had obtained--"Birds stay in the tree by the pond, and the monk pushes the moon under the door." Han Yu pondered for half a day and said, "It's better to 'knock' the word." In this way, the two donkeys and horses went hand in hand, talked about poetry papers, and formed a deep friendship. After Jia Dao returned home, he completed the poem, which read as follows:
Idle and few neighbors, grass path into the desert garden.
Birds stay in the trees by the pond, and monks knock on the door under the moon.
Crossing the bridge is divided into wild colors, moving stones and moving cloud roots.
For the time being, I still come here, and the quiet period is not worthy.
- "Title Li Ning's Seclusion"
This poem is his masterpiece, and it is difficult to understand Li Ning's identity. However, to be able to become good friends with Jia Dao, I think he is also an unconventional idle cloud wild crane. Jia Dao wrote Li Ning's almost abandoned courtyard as fresh and unworldly, which is indeed very remarkable. But more importantly, the specific situation of this meeting, Jia Dao did not mention it at all. Therefore, some people speculate: is this a long night of poetry, or a hermit who does not meet?
In fact, the author has already given the answer. The last couplet said: "For the time being, I will come here for the time being, and the quiet period will not be worthy of my words." "Reluctant to go, it shows that I am very happy to stay here, and the time is naturally not short, even more than one night, maybe two or three days." Before leaving, the two also set a date, and must not forget the next agreement. Therefore, Jia Dao and his friends must have been together, and they talked very happily. The whole poem is neat and tidy, saying that to write about seclusion is to write seclusion. Generally speaking, Jia Dao's poems think less about society, but when he focuses on the things he likes, good poems naturally come out.
After Jia Dao was taught by Han Yu, he was inspired by him to go out of the mountains to take the imperial examination. But it failed for years. Depressed, he made trouble in the field, was expelled from the scene by the chief examiner, and was named "Ten Evils". So, he became a monk again, and the Dharma number had no foundation. This probably comes from the words of Huineng: "There is nothing in the original, where is the dust?" "However, writing poetry and composition is not a sourceless foundation, a wood without earth. Art is higher than life, and it comes from life.
Jia Dao was hit many times by life and fell in love with writing poetry from then on. In a letter to a friend, he said:
If you don't write poetry for a day, your heart is like a waste well.
The pen is a reel, and the chant is a silk.
The morning re-introduction, still has to be cold.
The book is given to the same people, and the words are hard and hard.
- "Drama for Friends"
If I don't write poetry for a day, I'm not myself anymore. My heart is like a dry well. At this time, the pen and chant are the only ones who can save me. Writing poetry every day is like drinking water, which can make my body and mind feel cool. This makes me sigh involuntarily, writing poetry is really a hard thing!
How hard is it for Jia Dao to write poetry? He has a poem "Sending the Invincible", the poem Cloud:
Gui Feng Ji is new and sends this caotang person.
The tail is the same as the temple, and the singing is temporarily separated from the relatives.
Walk alone in the shadow of the pond, counting the trees.
Eventually there will be smoke and the roof as a close neighbor.
This is incomparable, in fact, it is his cousin, Jia Dao wrote this poem, is to send his brother to go into hiding. Among them, "the shadow of the lone pond, counting the trees." In a word, it seems very simple, that is, hanging on to each other, walking and stopping. Jia Dao himself said:
Two sentences for three years, a groan and a double tear.
If Zhiyin is not rewarded, he will return to his hometown in autumn.
- "After the Inscription"
Honestly, it wasn't poetry that brought him to tears, but brotherhood. After the cousin left, the meeting was far away, of course, for the monks, "it is better to see each other than to see each other", but Jia Dao could not do it.
Jia Dao's reminiscences and farewell poems are of a relatively high level. The more classic is this song "Remembering the Wu Virgins on the River":
Min Guo sailed away, and the toad lost and returned.
The autumn wind is full of water, and the leaves are full of Chang'an.
The meeting here is at night, when the thunderstorm is cold.
Lan Huan has not returned, and the news is in the clouds.
It's been a long time since my friend went to the south. I still remember the moment when we were separated- the autumn wind was full of water, and the fallen leaves were full of Chang'an. These two sentences do not need to be "deliberated", it is completely lu you said that "the article is natural, and the clever hand occasionally obtains it". Jia Dao bid farewell to his friends on the night of the thunderstorm, and since then, the news about him has disappeared beyond the clouds along with his figure.
Speaking of Lan Zhou, Jia Dao's poem to Han Yu is also mentioned.
This heart was with Mulan Boat until the head of the tide in the south of the sky.
The chapters across the mountain came to Huayue, and the letters out of the customs flowed through the stream.
The peak hanging road is broken, and the sea soaks the old trees in autumn.
The miasma of smoke and wind swept away overnight, and the west building of the wave was on the early morning of the moon.
- "Sending Han Chaozhou Yu"
It can be said that this verse is still relatively good. Although I can't go, my heart has been with you to arrive in Chaozhou. There is a lot of miasma on the seashore, but the wind is rolling, and the natural smoke disappears. By then, the bright moon was still as sunny and bright as the capital. Perhaps because his friend's wishes were too pious, Han Yu did come back and establish military merit; Jia Dao also entered the career path and began a new journey in life.
Therefore, if you look at his poems that have been written for decades, it seems that he wrote poems for the sake of writing poetry, but in fact he recorded them for friendship. Writing for friendship is the greatest love for poetry.
- Author - Kong Yao. Pen name Daiko. Love life, love literature, love poetry. A pure and simple literary and artistic youth; a red fan who is difficult to extricate himself; an ethereal ancient poetry writer!