Ancient literati painters send a circle of friends today, and the mother flower Must be the protagonist

Wen | Zheng Xuefu

Mother's Day is the second Sunday in May every year, and this year it is May 8. This festival first appeared in ancient Greece, and the modern Mother's Day originated in the United States. On May 9, 1906, the mother of Anna Javis in Philadelphia, USA, died tragically, and she was so sad that she organized a memorial service and sent 500 white carnations to all the mothers who participated in the event, and since then the carnations have been called "mother flowers". Regarding the mother flower, in fact, the mainland has existed for thousands of years, that is, the grass flower.

The ancients used the grass to refer to the mother. It is a perennial root herb of the genus Xuancao in the family Lilyaceae, with many aliases, including Golden Needle, Forgetful Grass, Yi Male Grass, Healing Sorrow, Deer Arrow and so on. Its flowers bloom in early summer, with petals flared around long flower buds. The grassland is produced in the mainland and has a long history of cultivation.

The Book of Poetry, Wei Feng, Bo Xi records: "The grass is the grass, and the back of the tree is spoken." Zhu Xi's note: "The grass is forgetful; the back, the north hall also." "Grass is grass.

Qian Songlun "Xuantang Yangshou Diagram" (Partial)

"Poetry Sutra" Yun: "The north hall is dark, you can plant Xuan." "Grass is strong, hardy, adaptable, wet and drought tolerant, sunny and semi-shade tolerant. In ancient times, it was often planted on the north side of the courtyard, and this place was often the residence of the mother and the family, so people used "North Hall" and "XuanTang" to refer to the mother.

In ancient times, men went on a military expedition and planted grass next to the North Hall, and when the mother saw the grass flower, she could ease her concern for her son.

Li Ling, a famous general of the Western Han Dynasty, led 5,000 infantry and 80,000 Xiongnu soldiers to fight in the desert on the orders of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, fighting a bloody battle for eight days and eight nights, and fell with exhaustion. Prior to this, Su Wuzhi sent envoys to the Xiongnu to be detained. They are both fallen people at the end of the world, and the two often have contacts. Later, Su Wu returned to China, and Li Ling could not return because he married Shan Yu's daughter. He put wine to send Off Su Wu, and during the banquet, Li Ling mixed sorrow and joy, and sighed thousands of works "Li Ling's Gift to Su Wu Farewell Poem", which said: "Relatives scattered with the wind, and the history was like a shooting star." Sanping is inseparable, thinking of the single screen camp. May the branches of grass be quenched for hunger and thirst. ”

The ancients often used xuancao to praise their mothers in their poetry. The Tang Dynasty poet Meng Jiao had a bumpy fate and a difficult career, and he took the imperial examination for two consecutive years. Jackie Chan's mother had high hopes for her son, and when Mengjiao was 46 years old, his mother asked him to go to Beijing again to take the exam. When Meng Jiao woke up in the middle of the night, he saw that his mother was still sewing clothes for herself under the lamp, stitching and stitching for herself to wear tomorrow, "The mother's hand is threaded, and the wanderer is clothed." Meng Jiao's eyes were tearful, and he quietly got up and used the moonlight to carry down a few grasses next to the steps of the hall house. Before leaving, my mother gave me thousands of instructions and did not give up. Meng Jiao felt a sense of emotion and recited the poem "Wanderer": "Xuancao shengtang steps, wanderers go to the end of the world." The loving mother leaned on the door of the hall and did not see the grass flowers. ”

Zhu Xi has "West Window Xuan Grass, formerly who raced." Before moving to the north hall, the grandchildren are circling around" verse expresses its pleasant feelings of happiness and harmony. The Song people wear retro poetry clouds: "The house is adjacent to the canghai, and the door is opened to a green screen." The grass in front of the hall is green, and the sideburns of shoumu are green. The Yuan Dynasty king crown has a poem: "The wind and day are good today, and the grass flowers in front of the hall are flowers." Holding the cup for the mother's birthday, there is no noise in joy. Both poems use grass to express love and blessing for their mother.

Ming Li Zai Xuan Hua Tu (Partial)

In ancient times, painters also often painted with grass and dedicated it to their mothers or female elders. Ming Dynasty court painter Li Zai has a masterpiece "Xuanhua Tu", in which a branch of Xuancao stretches obliquely to the upper right, and several Xuanhua flowers on the stem are dotted with light ink fine brushes, or blooming, or buds waiting to be released, dignified and beautiful, elegant and warm. The upper left corner of the picture is titled Seven Unique Songs: "The curtain rolls and the wind is long in summer, the flowers contain the mouth of the crane near the high hall, the feast before the jieshou parents are happy, and the colors are radiant and colorful." Judging from the inscription, this painting was made in praise of the mother.

The Ming Dynasty painter Xu Wei created a "Bai Xuan Tu" to wish the birthday of "Shen Taijun", using Xuancao to refer to "Shen Taijun", pine cypress representing longevity, and inscribed a poem: "Cypress is a hundred years, and the town of Xuancao in front of the hall is fresh." Whoever refines the Dan Sand Qi, the Biti Zhu Flower seems to be cast. ”

The Ming Dynasty painter Tang Yin also painted "Xuan Cao Tu" to wish his mother a happy birthday, expressing good wishes, with the inscription poem: "The grass tree in the North Hall has new branches, and the hall is dressed in clothes to offer life." May the flowers be added to the age, and the old age celebrate the time of flower appreciation. ”

Li Peng's "Songxuan GuilanTu"

The Qing Dynasty painter Li Li painted the superb work "Songxuan GuilanTu" as a blessing, although it is not known for whom, but it must be a female elder. The painter places seasonal flowers that do not belong to the same season - pine, Xuan, Gui, orchid in the same picture, the composition is harmonious, each taking its beautiful meaning, with the quality of high life, motherly love, firmness and elegance. At the top left of the canvas there is An inscription by Hua Yao: "Wei Gui has a son, Wei Lan has a grandson, Song Xuan tongshou, gua ou Lian Deng." "I wish the hostess health and longevity, and the children and grandchildren are full of children."

It has the character and fraternity of a mother. Cao Zhiyou has the hymn Xuancao Huamei Ye Yu, Yi Xing Jiade, and his "Yi Nan Hua Ode" said: "The grass number Yi Nan, both Ye and Zhen." What is its virginity? Only Dry No. What is it? Green leaf Danhua. The light is shining brightly, and the sun is asahi. Gentleman's pleasure, good and piano. Solid as a ant, only the hole zang. Fuqi Taiji, Yongshi Kechang. ”

Whether the land is fertile or barren, the grass grows incessantly and stoically. In the Hundred Gardens, she did not have the grace and magnificence of peony flowers, the national color and heavenly fragrance; nor did she have plum blossoms like frost and snow, which were admired by thousands of people. However, she is still standing tall. The grass flower is a flower of devotion, and in the spring of thousands of purples and thousands of reds, she hides, does not go to join in the fun, and does not compete for spring. And in the early summer when the flowers are gone, she quietly opens up, eliminates all the sorrows in the world, sprinkles affection for the world, makes people carefree, and is happy every day.

Qing Jinnong", "Xuan Sketch"

The Qing Dynasty painter Jin Nong wrote to himself in "Xuan Cao Tu": "Flowers bloom and smile, above the North Hall, a hundred years old spring and autumn, a lifetime of joy, never worry about people, and sure enough, Xuan Cao can forget worries." When autumn came, she dried herself again and dedicated herself to the people's tables.

"Naturalist" said: "Xuancao, food makes people happy, forget worries, so forget worry grass." "When people are sick and in pain, she turns into a good medicine, heals the wounds, has the effect of clearing heat and diuresis, cooling the blood and stopping the bleeding." Song Renren Xuan Weng has a poem "Xuan Cao": "The poet Mei Xuan Cao, Gai is worried and forgettable." The Son of Man cherishes this flower and plants it in the North Hall. It is pleasing to the heart, and it is very compassionate and fragrant. The king has a loving mother, and the stars live long and well. ”

Contemporary scholar Wang Jinyu wrote in the poem "Mother Flower": "Mother, I found a grass flower, and she bloomed in the place closest to mother's love. I also smelled her sweet fragrance, heard her caring words, and saw her stretched smile. I dream of her every silent night, I think of her every hurtful day. Some people say that she is a filial piety of the wanderer, and she is the eternal concern of her children, because for thousands of years she has always been honored as a mother. ”