The poem "In and Out of The Poor Smoke and Smoke" comes from Tang Hanyu's "Mountain Stone", which writes about his experience of throwing himself into the temple at dusk and going to the next day to bid farewell, which was extremely prestigious during the Tang and Song dynasties. Jin Yuanhao asked to criticize Qin Guanyun: "Pull out the retreat of the "Mountain Stone" sentence, and know that the canal is a girl's poem. That is, to think that such a poem can be called a husband's poem. The Qing Dynasty Fang Shiju's "Notes on the Chronicle of Han Changli's Poetry Collection" is based on Han Yu's "Inscription of Huilin Temple in Luobei", knowing that this poem was written on July 22, 801, the seventeenth year of Zhenyuan (801), accompanied by friends Li Jingxing, Hou Xi, and Wei Chifen, and the temple to which he was thrown was Huilin Temple. You might as well transcribe the whole poem below:
The mountain stone is indeed a small act, and the bat flies to the temple at dusk.
Ascension hall sits on the steps of new rain feet, banana leaves large branches of fat.
The monk said that the ancient Wall Buddha was well painted and used fire to illuminate what he saw.
Make a bed and set up a spoonful of rice, and the loose bread will also fill my hunger.
In the middle of the night, there are hundreds of insects, and the moon shines into the mountains.
There is no road in the morning, and there is no smoke in and out of the high and low.
The mountains are red and the streams are full of blue, and the pines and trees are all ten times around.
When the stream barefoot tramples the rocks, the sound of the water stirs the wind to blow clothes.
Life is so self-cola, it will be bound to people.
Oh my party's second and third sons, and I will not return to my old age.
The first eight sentences write that when the temple arrives at dusk, the temple is picturesque, and the monks of the temple receive them attentively, guide them to watch the Buddha paintings, and arrange dinner for making the bed mats, although they are not hearty, they have enough food and clothing. The next two sentences write the feeling of overnight stay, quiet and moonlight into the room, fit the temple of the temple. The last six sentences write about the feeling of leaving in the early morning, the smoke is filled, the changes are abrupt, the road is twisting and turning, the landscape is full of red and green, the illusion is endless, the mountains are far away from the hustle and bustle, and the author feels the casual and comfortable life here. The last four sentences have aroused discussion, beautiful so, it is the best paradise in life, why return to the secular world, bound by the firm?
Han Yu lamented his life because of this one-night experience, and I would like to pick up a sentence to outline my academic experience. In this verse, "in and out" is a partial positive structure, and at this time it is "out", which is actually the mountain path that "entered" yesterday. When the mountain road is high, it is winding low, twisting and changing, bumpy and uneven. When leaving in the morning, the fog is shrouded, and "no road" means that the road is not clear. The smoke is changing in the flow, and Mr. Liu Xuekai's "Commentary on selected poems of Tang Dynasty" explains this sentence with seven words: "Extremely condensed and refined, showing that the poet climbs to a high place for a while, walks down for a while, walks out of the smoke for a while, and disappears into the smoke for a while. Han Yu's feelings are actually the feelings that everyone who lives in this world must have. Birth can not be chosen, school and job search and courtship are optional, but who can guarantee that every choice you make will be correct? In the smoke-filled world, all you can see is always a moment in front of you. Academia can be a more complicated life, and anyone who first enters this path will feel that there is no way out of the way, and it is bumpy and difficult. Of course, there will be friends, there will be classmates, there will be teachers, there will be relatives, who can lead you out of the way? Reading the Zen Lantern Record, we can see that many senior monks have had the experience of visiting the mountains and forests and not getting the opportunity, and later obtaining the Deed Festival, saying the great enlightenment, is the accidental encounter after visiting famous teachers for a long time, and it is the final harvest after "going in and out of the high and low and poor smoke". With this poem, I would like to outline my academic experience and feelings, and I am even more grateful that I have personally become a famous teacher, and in the course of reading and interacting with the former sage Zhexin, I have to consult with the former sage Zhexin.
This article is written in 1986
I am now teaching at Fudan University, majoring in ancient literature, with a special focus on the study of the literature and history of the Tang Dynasty and the construction of basic documents. My ancestors did not set foot in the field of literature and history, and my own study experience was quite bumpy, so I can't fully explain why I embarked on this path. The first time I stepped into this university was in the autumn of 1966, when I was only in the first year of junior high school, I knew that there was a university, and I didn't know how the university divided the subjects, how to teach, and I couldn't imagine that there were people who specialized in academic research. After that, he blended into the vast world and knew that he was almost twenty years old when he had "Three Hundred Poems of Tang Dynasty". In the same unit, there are many high school students from Nantong Middle School, who often talk about their teacher Yan Dichang and classical poetry, so they read the "History of Chinese Literature" and "Su Dongpo Collection", as well as various Chinese and foreign masterpieces, many of which are fragments. Mr. Yan later became a famous artist of The Cure, and knowing him after 2000, he talked about the past and had a lot of feelings.
with Mr. Chan Yoon-gil, November 2021
After eight years of farming, I actually read some books in addition to the heavy drama work. When I was recommended for admission in early 1977, my greatest pleasure was that books that had previously been known only by name and rarely found were in the library. The course is very shallow, and I seize the time to read fully, completely disorganized, aimless, and indulgent, as if I understand and not understand, and move forward. That class of students decided where to graduate before they entered the school, and my destination was the Ministry of Culture. In the autumn of that year, as the class representative of the selection of historical works opened by Mr. Chen Yunji, Mr. Chen was very serious and would go to the student dormitory on Wednesday night to tutor. I accompanied him throughout the whole process, and more time was spent on the two of them chatting about ancient and modern learning, and wherever there were doubts about reading, they asked him for advice, and the harvest was huge. He also learned that I was a little more basic and had a wide range of interests. At the end of that year, the college entrance examination was resumed, and the following spring began to recruit graduate students, advocating eclecticism and discovering talents. I never had confidence in myself, and my classmates encouraged me to give it a try, and Teacher Chen found Mr. Wang Yunxi to recommend it. At that time, the professional courses had not yet resumed, and there were only two months to prepare from registration to examination. When I heard that only one person was recruited, the number of applicants had exceeded ninety, and my confidence was completely frustrated. When I met Teacher Chen on the road, he thought that my actual level was not inferior to that of previous college students, and I could have confidence. His judgment strengthened my confidence, and I actually passed the exam, so that I had the opportunity to embark on a professional path.
In December 1981, the author (back right) took a group photo with Mr. Zhu Dongrun (front seat). On the back left is Huang Baohua.
The graduate student direction is Tang and Song Dynasty Literature, and the tutor, Mr. Zhu Dongrun, was eighty-three years old and energetic, and he attended classes every other week, from 3 to 5 p.m., in the study on the second floor of his home. One academic year class, respectively, talk about Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty literature, talk about authors, and also take the reading of poetry. Mr. Zhu advocated that to talk about Chinese literature, we must know foreign literature, when we talk about modern literature, we must know ancient literature, and we must also say that to read works, we must know why the author wrote in this way, what is different from the previous generation, what is the intention, and what techniques are there. In the meantime, sir will constantly ask you how to see it, saying that the study of scholarship must have its own experience, do not follow the crowd. Mr. Li's explanations in the "Book of Poetry", "Chu Ci", "Historical Records", biographical literature, and the history of criticism have all been said not to be the focus. At that time, although I tried my best to read mr. Wang's published works, the distance between my learning abilities was too far, and I often disappointed him. I am also working hard, the homework submitted in the first academic year, the first time in my life to independently write an article with my own opinions, involving the key points of Du Fu's life that countless people have studied, Mr. Du Also affirmed after reading it, but also corrected the flaws. This is the general position of the gentleman, and he feels that excessive praise between teachers and students is inappropriate. There are a few overrated comments that I still hear many years later. The homework submitted when doing the dissertation, Mr. Read after reading the evaluation is, so from the combing of the basic literature to do, three years is not enough. In the graduation appraisal, the evaluation of my academic level only said that I was good at finding problems and making judgments in complex literature. In the past ten years, he has sorted out Mr. Fang's writings many times by chance, and Fang understands that many of the topics that Mr. Li casually talked about were studied in depth in the early years. Sorting out the manuscript is a re-study, and the harvest is far greater than that year.
At that time, the person in charge of the basic courses of graduate students was Mr. Wang Yunxi, the director of the teaching and research department. In terms of the style of being a person and learning, Mr. Wang and Mr. Zhu are very different. He has an easy-going personality, speaks peacefully, and the content of his lectures is like a trickle, and he comes in a down-to-earth manner. It is most suitable for beginners who have not yet started. When talking about Chinese history or intellectual history, he only lists important works and important scholars, and points out the key points of governance. After explaining the basic principles, he will focus on the three books of "Han Zhi", "Sui Zhi", and "General Catalogue of the Four Libraries". For modern academic schools, they talk about the differences between the various schools of Western learning and eastern learning, and position themselves as the Shigu school. Students' questions, no matter how deep or shallow, are answered rationally and adequately. For insightful assignments, I am also willing to take the initiative to recommend publication, and I have received this treatment several times. I was fortunate to have Mr. Wang's guidance in the initial stage.
At the beginning of 1988, he took a group photo with Mr. Wang Shuizhao (first from left), Mr. Wang Yunxi (second from left) and Mr. Luo Yuming (first from right) in Fudan Xiyuan.
To explain the above, I tried to explain that my entry into academia was very accidental, and although I had professional training, I initially had a long period of self-study. The advantage of self-study is that you are motivated and fearless, and the disadvantage is that you are homeless and lack of systems. After staying in school, it seems that there has been a change, and it has not changed completely. Fudan's academic atmosphere always reminds me that I must pursue to be a first-class and qualified scholar, and what is first-class and qualified can only be understood by myself. Today's people like to judge high and low by publications, peer review, academic awards, and even international recognition, but forty years ago it seemed that all of them were not spoken about. Looking back now, about the recognition of first-class scholars is the most important, I position myself, and I hope to do more work that has not been done by predecessors, or has not been done well. To achieve this, it is necessary to have a good understanding of the work of the predecessors. At that time, I was really diligent in reading, soaking in the library all day and reading everything. The ancients said, "If you don't know anything, the shame of the Confucians," now they say how is it possible, but then they really believed. Finding problems from the reading of the original works of the ancients should always belong to their own gains, but Qian Daxin's "Twenty-two Shi KaoYi" preface says that although he has gained, if anyone has said it before, it should also be deleted, and it should also become a principle. Modern scholarship is characterized by the division of labor and clear barriers, but since I began to be involved in learning, I have been involved in four parts, and the atmosphere of Fudan can be tolerated, so let's insist on it.
In the postgraduate stage, I have a strong interest in the scholarship of successive dynasties, and I also choose to read the works of first-class scholars who have both managed literature and history in modern times and experience the methods of governance. As far as the major topics I completed independently are concerned, I still take the Tang poetry collection as the starting point. At first, I felt that the scholars who had achieved success in governing Tang poetry since the Tang and Song dynasties had been thousands of people, and the basic work had long been exhausted by the predecessors, leaving no room. Seeing the publication of the "Outer Edition of Quan Tang Poems", combined with the texts that had already been seen, it was found that there were still great omissions, and Fang vowed to re-record it. When I examined the gains and losses of the compilation of the general collections of the past dynasties, the most inspired were the families of Lu Qinli, Tang Guizhang, and Sui Shusen, and later I learned the significance of Wang Zhongwen's work in the Quan Song Ci. I will derive from Yu Jiaxi's method of bibliographic studies, from Chen Yuan's position on the origin of history, and from the achievements of the compilation of the aforementioned collections, and transfer them to the examination and compilation of Tang poems. "Quan Tang Poems" is known as King Ding, there have been fixed comments for a long time, it is easy to make up one or two poems, it is easy to make up for a generation, how easy it is to talk about!
Before and after the above work was carried out, the domestic Tang poetry research atmosphere was also undergoing obvious changes. Contacts with the mainstream research circles, after 1986, but since 1978, published treatises, it has become obvious that under the position of literary and historical integration, the work of pursuing the life of Tang poets and the writing skills of Tang poetry has been carried out comprehensively and effectively, and the methods of Chen Yinke and Cen Zhongmian in governing Tang history have been clearly implemented in the study of Tang literature. My work began from two aspects, one was to liquidate the previous generation, to investigate the sources of nearly 50,000 poems of the "Quan Tang Poems" and the gains and losses of the predecessors' compilations one by one, and earlier published the "Examination of the ErroneousLy Received Poems of the Quan Tang Poems" and "Reading the Six Notes of the Supplementary Notes of the Quan Tang Poems", hoping to see the negligence of the predecessors arouse the vigilance of their own compilations; the second was to extensively inspect the Qunshu, fully compile them, and change them from the encounters of the predecessors to follow the catalog and plan. The gains in both aspects are far beyond imagination, of course, there are many problems, especially after the digitization of ancient book retrieval, the gains and losses of the early years of work have been infinitely magnified. Because I am still doing the relevant work continuously, of course, I can see it more clearly than others.
When he studied with Mr. Zhu, he repeatedly said that good students should dare to surpass the teacher, and students who do not want to exceed the teacher will never be good students. I know that this is the encouragement and encouragement of the teacher, full of expectations. I also know that if I dropped out of school in my early years, I would have started late, go with the flow, and not be eliminated, it would be a blessing, how dare I make too many fantasies. Since it is difficult to create something according to the norm, why not expand the hall and occupy the field of neglect of the predecessors. This is true of Tang poems, and it is also true of Tang wen's appendices thereafter. Later, when he wrote the "New Series of The History of the Old Five Dynasties", he continued chen Yuan's unfinished work, imprisoning the books and subdividing the literature in order to restore the true appearance of the historical books of the first generation. Beyond literature, adhere to historiography, feel that they have special gains, but also cherished.
With the passage of time, the years are gradually increasing, Fang Wu is like one of my generation, although born a little late, just in time for the great era of the overthrow of heaven and earth: a social stability, the country rises, there are forty years to be able to calmly academically, the predecessors are difficult to expect. The second is to open up to the outside world, and the sea ban is forbidden, so that it can calmly go overseas and see the study of different meteorology; it is widely involved in foreign countries and communicate with other cultures. The horizons are wide open, the new theories are diverse, and the academics are more diverse. From the means of writing to the retrieval of literature, from the disclosure of rare books to the timely information, no matter what way of learning is done, it is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity. My personal work has also undergone several different changes. In the early days, as mentioned above, I studied quietly in my school, and I had to point out and understand the theory a little. Since then, he has made extensive contacts with academic colleagues at home and abroad, asked for advice from seniors in different fields, and more rarely, has visited and taught overseas many times, and his academic interests have also changed significantly.
(Chen Shangjun's "Entering and Leaving the High and Poor Smoke - Division Commanders Inside and Outside Fudan", to be published by the Commercial Press)
Author: Chen Shangjun
Editors: Andy, Qian Yutong
Editor-in-Charge: Shu Ming
*Wenhui exclusive manuscript, please indicate the source when reprinting.