Dr. Zhong Zhenzhen was born in 1950 in Nanjing. He is currently a professor at Nanjing Normal University and a doctoral supervisor. Director of the Institute of Ancient Literature Collation. He is also the guidance professor of the "Foreign Scholars Chinese Culture Research Scholarship" of the National Scholarship Council, the president of the Chinese Rhyme Literature Association, the vice president of the Global Chinese Poetry Association, the consultant of the Chinese Poetry Society, the general consultant of the "Poetry Conference" of CCTV, the consultant of the poetry platform of "Listening to the Rain in the Small Building", and the Distinguished Professor of the Wenjin Pulpit of the National Library. He has been invited to lecture at more than 30 famous overseas universities such as Yale and Stanford in the United States.
Professor Zhong Zhenzhen Q&A Mailbox(81)
Say "Shi Qu Lang" again
Send Pei Zhongcheng on an envoy
[Tang] Yang Juyuan
A Qing Huaidian false dynasty, the golden seal first greeted the fine willow yellow.
Resign tianwei and rain dew, out of the customs spring color shelter frost.
Why should Long Tao chen sanluo, the tiger brigade has come from a strong fang.
Declaring that the living beings are really heavy, Hui Xuan should ask Shi Qulang.
In yesterday's Q&A, I mentioned that the use of "ShiquLang" to refer to "Secretary Lang" was first seen in Yang Juyuan's poem; in the Tang Dynasty, it was only found in Yang Juyuan's poem. Today, let's move on to this topic.
In Song Dynasty literature and poetry, the use case of "Shi QuLang" is also rare. I have only seen two cases, both of which are lu you's poems.
(1) "Send Fan Xi Uncle to the Summons" The first of the two poems says: "The end of the world has fallen through Chongyang, and the maple leaf has been frosted." The decaying illness strongly accompanies the lotus curtain, and the desolation sends Shi Qulang. Duling Yanxia is a sad old man, and kasawa fish fat dreams hometown. I am afraid that from now on, the old will be forgotten by the new and the nobles. ”
According to the press, "Fan Xi Uncle" is Lu You's friend Fan Zhongbao, the word Xi Uncle. "SendIng Uncle Fan Xi to the Summons" two of the two said: "If you want to drive a car to persuade Xiao Liu, the southern bank of the South Mountain is even more autumn." A few geese urged the color, a dim lamp to say don't worry. Since the past article Guan Zhi Dao, that is, the current Taige wants celebrities. The white head is still a bookworm, leaving begging Zhu Huang and the school chicken. According to the last sentence of "Zhu Huang" (the red and yellow pigments used in ancient books) "school chicken", it can be known that the "summons" of Fan Xishu's "going" is "summoning the examination pavilion", and once the examination is passed, he can enter the secretary province.
In addition, Song Wei Qixian and Ye Di also compiled the "Five Hundred Broadcasting Fang Daquan Quanzhi" Volume 23 "He Qi Taishou" recorded Fan Xishu's "He Zhang Shouqi", which said: "The old things of the stone canal, sighing from the bridge to the drifting zero; the copper tiger Youen, expect the wind to be like it." It can also be seen that he did serve in the Secretarial Province.
(2) "Guangdu DaoZhongcheng Jichang" said: "Heavenly Stone Canal Lang, can come to accompany Chu Madness." The wind and frost are facing each other, and the lights are even in bed at night. The river is green, and the plum blossoms are fragrant. The drama talks about that, and the provenance should be flat. ”
According to the press, the "season chief" is Lu You's friend Zhang Jiao. Song Chen Qi's Records of the Southern Song Dynasty Pavilion Volume VIII "Guanlian" Download: "(Secretary Province) Orthography, Thirty-one People After Qiandao: ... Zhang Jiji, Tang An people. Mu to ask the list of jinshi origin. Poetry. In September of the ninth year (the ninth year of Qiandao), Chunxi was worried in November of the first year of Chunxi. ”
What specific position Fan Xishu held in the secretarial province is not recorded in the Records of the Southern Song Dynasty Pavilion. Zhang Jichang held specific positions in the secretary province, and only one item of "secretary province orthography" is recorded in the Southern Song Dynasty Pavilion Record. Above the "orthography", there is also "School Scrivener", and further up the "School Scrivener" is "Secretary Lang". If the Records of the Southern Song Dynasty Pavilion does not omit Zhang Jichang's position in the secretary province, then the "Shiqu Lang" in Lu You's poem may no longer be a special name for "Secretary Lang", but a general term for the official positions below "Secretary Lang" in the Secretary Province. After all, addressing others in higher positions is a compliment and is a common practice in line with social courtesy.
In the literature and poetry after the Song Dynasty, the use case of "Shi Qu Lang" is also very rare. I've only seen three.
(3) Ming Li Dongyang's "Sima of Cambodia Liu Dongshan" (2nd of the second): "Cai Ming chang with pink incense, went to Dongshan Idle Grass Pond (suspected to be 'Caotang'). It is difficult to disobey the mandate of the Heavenly Son, and Hui Xuan should ask Shi Qulang. Sometimes the clouds smell the heavenly music, and the drama wants to say hometown in front of the bottle. Sundae Zhi Gezi Temple, a "Jiang Han" Meixuan King. ”
According to the press, "Liu Dongshan" is the famous minister of the Ming Dynasty, Liu Daxia. The History of Ming, vol. 182, "Biography of Liu Daxia", says that in the autumn of the eleventh year of Hongzhi (1498), Bactria "returned from three evacuations, built a grass hall under the mountain, and read among them." In the second year of Yue, the courtiers submitted a recommendation, and the right capital Yushi was raised, and the military affairs of the two Guangdong were generally controlled... For fifteen years, he worshipped the Shangshu of the Bingbu And repeatedly resigned to worship his life. Having summoned him, the emperor said, "If you use qing for the number of people, why should the number lead to the disease?" The first words of the Great Shaton: "The subject is old and sick, and when he sees that the people of the world are exhausted, and they are not afraid of it, they are responsible for the military department, and they do not do it by their own strength, so they resign." ’”
Li Dongyang's poem was written immediately in the thirteenth year of Hongzhi (1500) when Liu Daxia "raised the imperial history of the right capital and made the two guangdong military affairs", or in the fifteenth year (1502) when Liu Daxia "worshiped the Shangshu of the Army". At that time, Li Dongyang was already a scholar of Wenyuange University. In the poem, "Huixuan should ask Shi Qulang", the whole use of Yang Juyuan's poem into a sentence, compared with "Shi Qulang", is a modest name.
"Wenyuan Pavilion" is the national library of the Ming Dynasty, similar in nature to the Shiqu Pavilion of the Han Dynasty and the secretary provinces of the Tang and Song dynasties. However, although "Wenyuange" is a national library, "Wenyuange University Scholar" is only a "University Scholar" named after this Cabinet, and has no substantial relationship with the National Library. In Li Dongyang's time, the "university scholar" had become the de facto prime minister, and the "Wenyuange university scholar" was not in charge of the national library, but the entire state affairs, and the status was much higher than that of the "secretary Lang".
Li Dongyang's use of this sentence in Yang Juyuan's poem is very clever. Where is the cleverness?
First, "Wenyuange University Scholar" and "Shiqu Lang", the scope of power and status of the two are very different, and they cannot be said in the same day; but "Wenyuan Pavilion" and "Shiqu Pavilion" are both national libraries, "this cabinet" is the same as "Bi Ge", stealing the concept, "This Pavilion University Scholar" is also close to "Bi Ge Lang", can be called brothers and brothers. This is "elegance", high-level humor.
Second, Li Dongyang, with the prominence of "Wenyuange University Scholar", demoted himself to honor and honored himself as "Shi Qulang", which not only showed his "low-key demeanor" style, but also gave Liu Daxia enough face. Li Dongyang and Liu Daxia were old classmates and scholars of the same branch, but Li Dongyang was ten years younger than Liu Daxia, and his officials had risen faster, and he was now Liu Daxia's superior leader. Such wording fully expresses his respect for his brothers and subordinates, which is very decent.
In this case, in form, it is exactly the opposite of the Lu You poem quoted above. But it's essentially the same: calling yourself by a lower status is also a form of social courtesy.
(To be continued)
Editor's Note:
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