Dr. Zhong Zhenzhen was born in 1950 in Nanjing. He is currently a professor at Nanjing Normal University and a doctoral supervisor. Director of the Institute of Ancient Literature Collation. He is also the guidance professor of the "Foreign Scholars Chinese Culture Research Scholarship" of the National Scholarship Council, the president of the Chinese Rhyme Literature Association, the vice president of the Global Chinese Poetry Association, the consultant of the Chinese Poetry Society, the general consultant of the "Poetry Conference" of CCTV, the consultant of the poetry platform of "Listening to the Rain in the Small Building", and the Distinguished Professor of the Wenjin Pulpit of the National Library. He has been invited to lecture at more than 30 famous overseas universities such as Yale and Stanford in the United States.
Professor Zhong Zhenzhen Q&A Mailbox(76)
Song Yang Wanli's poem "Crossing a Hundred Family Crossings" "Taking Advantage of the Fish"
Over 100 Jiadu Four Absolute Sentences (Part 1)
[Song] Yang Wanli
Out of the city, everything is quiet, and the Xiangxiang is half-rich and worth fishing boats.
I also know that the fisherman father took advantage of the fish rush and turned over the spring shirt without wrapping his head.
The poet Zhi Wei Zhai asked: Professor Zhong, there is a scholar who commented: "Take advantage, catch it." In this sense, niǎn should be read, not chèn. "Is this note correct?
Zhong Zhenzhen answered: Not exactly. "Take advantage" is a polysyllabic word. Yang Wanli is a Song person, so we will use the rhyme book of the Song Dynasty to explore this pronunciation problem. This is called "song to prove the Song", which is a normative practice of academic evidence, which is more reliable.
During the song zhenzong period, Chen Pengnian and others compiled the "Guangyun" volume three "Shangsheng Twenty-Seven Milling": "Take advantage of the fact that Ni Zhan Cut, Jian Ye." That is, to read niǎn, its meaning is "practice". Volume IV, "Twenty-one Shocks", says: "Take advantage of it, take advantage of it." The previous word "疢" is pronounced "ugly blade cut", and the zhuyin of this word is omitted from the above. That is, pronounced chèn, and its meaning is "chasing". If so, the word is pronounced differently and has a different meaning. If the "Guangyun" prevails, then the "taking advantage" of "taking advantage of the fish" is "chasing" rather than "practicing", and can only be read chèn, not niǎn.
However, slightly later than the "Guangyun", during the Song Renzong period, Ding Du and others compiled the "Jiyun" volume 6 "Shangsheng" and the "Twenty-Seven Milling": "Take advantage of it, follow it, and chase it away." That is to say, if the "Collection rhyme" is the standard, then the "take advantage" of "taking advantage of the fish" can be read both chèn and niǎn.
To sum up, in the Song Dynasty, the "take advantage" of "taking advantage of the fish" can be said from a wide range, and it is possible to read chèn and read niǎn; strictly speaking, only chèn can be read, not niǎn. Scholars who note Yang Wanli's poem think that "when you read niǎn, don't read chèn", it is exactly the opposite.
As for his use of "taking advantage" as "catching up", this interpretation is not bad, but it is slightly ambiguous.
The word "take advantage of the fish" is first seen in the second of the five poems of Tang Du Fu's "Heavy Than He": "Flowers are suitable for warblers carry butterflies, and streams are noisy and otters take advantage of fish." "The otter swims very fast, it can chase the fish upstream, catch the fish one by one, display them on the shore, and then feast. Therefore, the ancients ridiculed those who liked to drop the book bag, calling their practice of listing allusions and piling up texts as "otter sacrifice fish". This is off-topic, by the way.
The strange thing is that Lao Duzhi's "taking advantage of the fish", no poets in the Tang Dynasty followed the trend, but the Poets of the Song Dynasty especially loved to use it. For example:
Yang Yi's poem "Spring Suburbs Matter": "The distant forest mulberry is cocooned, and the wild water ping opens the otter to take advantage of the fish." ”
Huang Shu's poem "You Shi Chi Tan" says: "For several years, the hand plate bears the green mountain, and the sound of the fish is not in the ear." ”
Huang Tingjian's poem "Temple Zhai Sleeps" says: "Returning from food to the north window dream, a river spring moon to take advantage of the fish boat." ”
Li Liao's poem "Ruzhou Wang Xueshi Shooting Bow Line" says: "When the boat people sing, they play the flute, and the boat takes advantage of the fish line to buckle the port." ”
Deng Shen's "Things in the Boat" poem three of them are three: "Winged cormorants reflect the sun obliquely, upside down flocks of ducks to take advantage of fish and shrimp." ”
Li Shi's "Fan Poem" ([Zhou Tong] Fisherman Fishing in the City of Fu) said: "The fine grass on the yang slope follows the deer, and the smoke and water still flower gulls take advantage of the fish." ”
Mou Wei's "Ten Absolute Fishing Gears" and its eight "sails" said: "The wind is busy taking advantage of the fish, and one piece is as big as a palm." ”
Wang Yuanliang's poem "Years of Twilight Passing through Xinzhou Lingxi" says: "The clouds are low, the sky is wide and the eagle is calling falcons, and the water falls on the creek and the otters take advantage of the fish." ”
Among them, the most noteworthy of our attention are Huang Shushi's "Take advantage of the fish's port sound" and Li Liao's poem "The boat takes advantage of the fish to buckle the port", which provide a particularly useful message - when the fisherman "takes advantage of the fish", he is going to knock on the boat gang (port)! Why knock on the boat gang? It should be to make a noise and drive the fish swimming in the direction of the net. Its role is similar to that of "ringing hammer". The so-called "singing hammer" is a wooden hammer specially used to beat the sound to drive away the fish.
It can be seen from this that the fisherman's "taking advantage of the fish" is "taking advantage" of the more precise meaning of "expulsion", which is different from the "chasing" of "following".
Specific to Yang Wanli's poem, "I also know that the fisherman took advantage of the fish's hurry, turning over the spring shirt without wrapping his head" Yunyun said that the fisherman encountered the fish, and the opportunity could not be lost, but hurried out of the boat to drive them into the net, did not care to wrap his head in a scarf, and even wore the reverse of the clothes.
In terms of capturing details, Yang Wanli is a first-class master among ancient poets. This poem is a good example of this.
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Author/Zhong Zhenzhen Editor/Feng Xiao
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