Professor Zhong Zhenzhen Q&A Mailbox(90)

Dr. Zhong Zhenzhen was born in 1950 in Nanjing. He is currently a professor at Nanjing Normal University and a doctoral supervisor. Director of the Institute of Ancient Literature Collation. He is also the guidance professor of the "Foreign Scholars Chinese Culture Research Scholarship" of the National Scholarship Council, the president of the Chinese Rhyme Literature Association, the vice president of the Global Chinese Poetry Association, the consultant of the Chinese Poetry Society, the general consultant of the "Poetry Conference" of CCTV, the consultant of the poetry platform of "Listening to the Rain in the Small Building", and the Distinguished Professor of the Wenjin Pulpit of the National Library. He has been invited to lecture at more than 30 famous overseas universities such as Yale and Stanford in the United States.

Professor Zhong Zhenzhen Q&A Mailbox(90)

Song Mei Yaochen's poem "Defu Prefecture Cai Junmo Secret Study Book and Tea"

Defuzhou Cai Junmo secret book and tea

[Song] Mei Yaochen

Xue Laozi left the mountain peak, and the hundred feet were upside down to insert non-human traces.

Under it, Changle was too guarded and turned into a strange divine dragon.

Xue Lao, who has the intention of he guo, is a meeting with the strange pen.

Taishou's surname was from the Eastern Han Dynasty, and his name was Qi Jin Wei Wang and Zhong.

The ruler sent me pity on the decaying man, scraping the green tea cage vine wrapped around the seal.

There is a word in the seventy in the paper, dansha iron holding hibiscus.

The light of the burrow was afraid to fly away, and the lock was heavily lacquered.

The tea opens the leaves white, and the pavilion is drunk with a sip.

Yan Sheng drank the water on the pillow, and Han Zi lived in Puyong.

Although poor and old, they are not ashamed of the past, and they are far away from the good things to relieve their feelings.

Netizens asked without a name: Please ask Mr. Zhong, how should Mei Yaochen understand the poem "Scraping Green Tea Cage Vine Entanglement" and "Dansha Iron Holding Hibiscus" in the poem "Defuzhou Cai Junmo Secret Study Book and Tea"? Who does the "Hanzi" in "Hanzi Rice" refer to? Is Xue Lao, who begins the poem "Xue Laozi Liu Shan", the second father-in-law of Ouyang Xiu, Xue Kui? Xue Kui served as the county commander of Putian County, Cai Xiang's hometown. Thank you!

(Continued from the previous issue)

There were so many famous and well-known calligraphy connoisseurs in the dynasty who gave Cai Xiang's calligraphy the highest score of "the first in this dynasty", which is rare in the history of Chinese calligraphy.

The Song people spoke so highly of Cai Xiang's calligraphy, not only because of his "book", but more importantly, because of his "character".

Ouyang Xiu's "Wenzhong Collection" volume 35 "Duanmingdian Scholar Cai Cemetery Epitaph" records that Cai Xiang "worked in calligraphy and painting, quite sorry for himself, not vainly booked, so his chapters were broken, and people cherished them." And Renzong especially likes to call it. The inscription of the Imperial Yuan's uncle Longxi Wang, the Edict of the Emperor. Later, he ordered the scholar to write an inscription of Empress Wencheng, and then he refused to write it, saying: "This is to be done for the commandment." ’”

Cai Xiang, the great calligrapher, is really a "cow"!

Where has the "cow" come? When the emperor of the dynasty wrote an inscription for his uncle Li Yonghe of Longxi County, he was ordered to write; "Niu" to the emperor ordered him to write the inscription of Aifei (Zhang Guifei, posthumously honored as "Empress Wencheng"), and he did not even give face and resisted the resignation.

Why didn't Cai Xiang give the emperor face?

To this question, Cai Xiang himself answered in a letter to Ouyang Xiu. His "Duanming Collection" volume 27 "Reply to Ouyang Yongshu Shu" said: "A certain Qi. The Book of Meng, with the Preface to the Collection of Ancient Records, is the book of stones. Eighteen years, and a thousand volumes. And Bao Yixia for thousands of miles, thousands of years since the Zhou Dynasty, Qin, Han and Wei, the deeds of the sages and saints, the deeds of thieves, often outside the history of the legend, prove falsehoods, and the amount of it is gained, although the labor is beneficial, is it better than the rhinoceros pearl gold and jade, what the world wants? With Uncle Yong's article and the interesting Shang, take it as a result, and do it very much, and then pass it on! However, the inscriptions of the ancients are also passed down from books to those who have been passed down. Looking at others, they will not be diligent and hard-working, but they will become their art. So-and-so, very shallow. The townspeople were to serve His Majesty Qingguang, and from time to time there was a heavenly will, and ordered to write imperial inscriptions and palace inscriptions. Do the people of the world know the book? The above envoys ordered to the House of Honor, and asked the imperial court to issue an edict. A certain inscription is written in recent times, such as capital, if the order of the imperial court, there is a sicun yan, to be commanded by his office. Now and to be commanded to compete for profits, is it okay? Words are enough. A certain person who does not take the name of the book as a high, sincerely sees the benefit of the unknown. Cover its resignation, its inexorable does not resign. As the public text and the shang, sincerely attached to the end of the chapter, in order to forever pass it on, he is fortunate, he dares to resign? Don't declare, goodbye. ”

Hong Mai, a famous scholar of the Southern Song Dynasty, also said that shen said this. The Article of Cai Junmo's Stele, volume 16 of the Rong Zhai Sanbi, reads: "See Cai and Ouyang Xiu (Ouyang Xiu) a thesis: 'The dawner has to serve His Majesty Qingguang, and sometimes there is a heavenly will, and orders to write imperial inscriptions and palace inscriptions.'" To the house of Xunde, please ask the imperial court to issue an edict. Xiang said that in recent times, if he wrote inscriptions, he had the capital, and if the court ordered it, he had the si Cun Yan and waited for his office. Now and to be commanded to compete for profits, is it okay? Words are enough. Cover its resignation, its inexorable does not resign. Then he knew that Cai Gong's will was so. Although the House of Xunde invited Yu Dynasty, those who issued edicts also resigned, and more than one Wen Cheng monument was only a stele. Its Kiyoshi has a keep, the future generation or unknown, so it is contained here. ”

According to the Northern Song Dynasty, there was a royal academy under the Hanlin Academy, which was a so-called "technical official", a professional "writer", and was called "book to be edicted". As the name suggests, it is to wait for edicts and use their calligraphy skills to prepare for the unforeseen needs of the court. This kind of "official" does not enter the stream, and generally has no official qualities. After serving in the palace for a long time, "senior" can also be granted other formal and decent official positions. Their status is low, and their salaries are naturally not high. According to the ancient custom, writing a monument for people, the main family is to "tip". Whether it is the emperor's "tip" or the family members of the high-ranking officials and nobles "tipping", they will not "cut the door", otherwise they will be sorry for the spirit of the deceased in heaven. For those to be edicted, such "extra-wage income" is undoubtedly an important source of economic livelihood. Therefore, Cai Xiang said that he was unwilling to "compete with the zhao for profit" and robbed them of their financial resources. For this reason, Hong Mai praised him for "being a keeper of the Qingsuke".

Cai Xiang himself said this clearly, Hong Mai is sincere and sincere, and he really believes it. However, I read the epitaph written by Ouyang Xiu for Cai Xiang and the letter written by Cai Xiang to Ouyang Xiu, and after thinking about it repeatedly, I felt that things were not as simple as Cai Xiang said. He said that he did not want to "fight with the edict for profit", and perhaps there was some truth, but this was only the shallowest reason. It can even be said that this is just an "excuse" that can be brought to the table.

So, what are the deeper reasons?

(To be continued)

Editor's Note:

Welcome friends to continue to the public number behind the album, leave a message you want to ask Professor Zhong all the questions about poetry. The answers will be published in this issue.

Professor Zhong said, readers pay attention to reading is support, peach to repay Li, not to think of the newspaper, always think good also!

Author/Zhong Zhenzhen Editor/Feng Xiao

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Revisit Gaizhu Mountain

Zhang Xuefang (Zhejiang)

The mountain cover is green bamboo, and the wind depicts ink drawings.

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