Dr. Zhong Zhenzhen was born in 1950 in Nanjing. He is currently a professor at Nanjing Normal University and a doctoral supervisor. Director of the Institute of Ancient Literature Collation. He is also the guidance professor of the "Foreign Scholars Chinese Culture Research Scholarship" of the National Scholarship Council, the president of the Chinese Rhyme Literature Association, the vice president of the Global Chinese Poetry Association, the consultant of the Chinese Poetry Society, the general consultant of the "Poetry Conference" of CCTV, the consultant of the poetry platform of "Listening to the Rain in the Small Building", and the Distinguished Professor of the Wenjin Pulpit of the National Library. He has been invited to lecture at more than 30 famous overseas universities such as Yale and Stanford in the United States.
Professor Zhong Zhenzhen Q&A Mailbox(89)
Song Mei Yaochen's poem "Defu Prefecture Cai Junmo Secret Study Book and Tea"
Defuzhou Cai Junmo secret book and tea
[Song] Mei Yaochen
Xue Laozi left the mountain peak, and the hundred feet were upside down to insert non-human traces.
Under it, Changle was too guarded and turned into a strange divine dragon.
Xue Lao, who has the intention of he guo, is a meeting with the strange pen.
Taishou's surname was from the Eastern Han Dynasty, and his name was Qi Jin Wei Wang and Zhong.
The ruler sent me pity on the decaying man, scraping the green tea cage vine wrapped around the seal.
There is a word in the seventy in the paper, dansha iron holding hibiscus.
The light of the burrow was afraid to fly away, and the lock was heavily lacquered.
The tea opens the leaves white, and the pavilion is drunk with a sip.
Yan Sheng drank the water on the pillow, and Han Zi lived in Puyong.
Although poor and old, they are not ashamed of the past, and they are far away from the good things to relieve their feelings.
Netizens asked without a name: Please ask Mr. Zhong, how should Mei Yaochen understand the poem "Scraping Green Tea Cage Vine Entanglement" and "Dansha Iron Holding Hibiscus" in the poem "Defuzhou Cai Junmo Secret Study Book and Tea"? Who does the "Hanzi" in "Hanzi Rice" refer to? Is Xue Lao, who begins the poem "Xue Laozi Liu Shan", the second father-in-law of Ouyang Xiu, Xue Kui? Xue Kui served as the county commander of Putian County, Cai Xiang's hometown. Thank you!
(Continued from the previous issue)
Zhong Zhenzhen replied: To ask, Mei Yaochen's poem is like splitting into words and words, the so-called "iron stone", the literal meaning is "purple as iron" of "Dansha" and "block"; the so-called "hibiscus" of "hibiscus" literally means "dansha" of "like a hibiscus head (lotus flower, lotus flower bud)". For example, in terms of the whole sentence of "Dansha Iron Treasure Hibiscus", it is to describe Cai Xiang's book "Seventy words in the paper", just like seventy-one iron Dansha Hibiscus heads gathered together, the words are precious, and the spirit is magical.
Regarding the "Dansha Iron Holding Hibiscus", it has been basically explained clearly so far. But there are two other things related to calligraphy, especially related to Cai Xiang's calligraphy, which are also worth mentioning.
First, the so-called "Book of Cai Junmo" in the title of Mei Yaochen's poem, the main meaning of that "book" is probably "letter" rather than "calligraphy work". Since Cai Xiang was a famous calligrapher, the "letters" he wrote also had the meaning of "calligraphy works". The physical representation of a "calligraphic work" is ink on paper. As a result, it has a close connection with the "ink" in the four treasures of the study room.
At least in the Tang Dynasty, the precious ink was already mixed with dansha. Li Bai's poem "Rewarding Zhang Sima to Give Ink" reads: "Shangdang Bisong Smoke, Yiling Dan Sand." Lan Musk condensed precious ink, and the essence was kankan. Yellow-headed slave double crow beard, the pocket of the bag of nourishment. Today it is given to Lan Ting to go, and the pen will be sprinkled on the mountain. The ink that Sima Zhang gave li bai was made of dansha from Yiling (夷陵, in present-day Yichang, Hubei Province) into powder, mixed with pine smoke from Shangdang (which had been abolished into present-day Changzhi City, Shanxi Province), and glue.
Song Dynasty name ink, there are also mixed with dansha. Su Shi's "Notes on Qiu Chi" scrolls down "Wang Jinqing Ink": "Wang Jinqing made ink, using gold and dansha. Ink into, price and gold, etc. "Wang Yi (王诜), courtesy name Jinqing (晋卿), married Princess Yingzong of Song," the daughter of Emperor Yingzong of Song (宋英宗), and worshiped the general Zuo Wei (左衛將軍) and the Duke of Ma (驸馬都尉). He was a friend of Su Shi and a famous calligrapher and painter of the Northern Song Dynasty.
In addition, Song He Xue's "Chunzhu Chronicle" Volume VIII "Ink Says Hainan Pine Coal" said: "Mr. Dongpo was in Dan'er, made by Pan Heng, and the inscription 'Hainan Pine Coal, Dongpo Fa Mo' is also." Its method, or cloud per wat with golden flower tobacco fat number cake, so the ink color bright hair, better than the use of dansha also. "When Su Shi lived in Dan'er, Hainan (present-day Danzhou, Hainan), he ordered the ink worker Pan Heng to make "Hainan Pine Coal" ink and mix it with rouge, which was better than Dansha. This also confirms from the negative side that Song Mo has mixed dansha.
The use of dansha in the ink can make the ink black and red, which is the so-called "ink color bright hair". Dansha is expensive, used to make ink, then its ink is naturally expensive, very ink comparable.
In Cai Xiang's letter to Mei Yaochen, whether the ink used was mixed with dansha, it is impossible to determine, nor can it be determined. What is important is that the reason why Mei Yaochen used "Dansha Iron To Save Hibiscus" to praise Cai Xiang's words is likely to be associated with "Dansha" by the precious ink association of "Dansha Ink".
Fortunately, Mei Yaochen's novel and wonderful metaphor for Cai Xiang's calligraphy has not yet been used by later poets and is still so fresh and vivid!
Second, Cai Xiang calligraphy, in the Song Dynasty reputation is particularly high, has the "first of the dynasty" is called.
This evaluation began with Su Shi. His "Dongpo Zhilin" volume VIII says: "In the five dynasties of the late Tang Dynasty, the articles were algae and beautiful, and the calligraphy and paintings followed." And Yang Gongning's handwriting is unique and strong, often comparable to Yan (Zhenqing) and Liu (Gongquan), and even strange... However, cai Junmo has recently been both talented and knowledgeable, and should be the first in this dynasty. ”
Song Anon.'s Xuanhe Shu genealogy, volume VI, Zhengshu, iv, Song: "Wenchen Cai Xiang ... I-lettering, the force will be matched with the ancients. The big characters are huge and the small characters are like hairs. The position of the pen force, the big one does not lose the dense, the small one does not lose the small. As for the kodou (tadpole), the seal, the zhengli, the flying white, the line grass, the chapter grass, the topsy grass, the beautiful are not perfect, but especially long in the line, in the predecessors have their own flavor. The pen is very strong and beautiful... Man is said to be the one who can respect his books in ancient and modern times, but the king dedicates himself to the ear and the ear... Self-cherishing his book, in order to say that there is a trend of xianglong dancing birds, the knowers do not think too much, and re-push as the first of this dynasty. Commentators cite the following words: Zhenxing and Jianzhajin are the first; the main book is the second; the big character is the third; and the cursive script is the fourth. Is it true? This is more than the main book. The three main books in the current imperial palace are: "Southern Suburbs Qingcheng Poems", "Tea Records", and "Huan Ying Poems". ”
Song Chao Gongwu's "Reading Chronicle of junzhai" volume four "Bei Ji Category" under the "Seventeen Volumes of Cai Junmo Collection" said: "Imperial Dynasty Cai Xiang ... The Gongshu is the first of this dynasty, and the fragments of the manuscript (as a 'broken manuscript') are treasured by the recipients. ”
Song Yue Ke's "Baozhen Zhai Fa Shu Zan" Volume IX "Song Celebrity True Manuscripts , Cai Zhonghui Zhao Clan Divine Wonder Post" record Song Jiang You's "Inscription" said: "The Book of Junmo, the critics think that this dynasty is the first. Looking at his book ruler now, he believes in it. ”
Song Li Guang's Zhuang Jian Ji (庄簡集), vol. 17, "The Fa Ti Collected by The Book of Thesa of Thea" (跋許觐藏藏法帖), says: "In this dynasty, Cai Junmo was extremely talented, supplemented by mechanics, and thus became the first of this dynasty." ”
Song Cao Xun's Song Yin Ji (松隐集) vol. 32 "Judgment of Cai Junmo's Book of the Old Man of the Heart" says: "The Gong Kai Law and xingcao are the first in this dynasty. ”
Song Zhou Bida's "Wenzhong Collection" Volume 18 "Provincial Zhai Manuscripts" 18 "Chu Linjiang Shou Pan Tao Received Cai Junmo Writing Korean Sanzhen" said: "Cai Zhonghui Gongshu is the first in this dynasty, Su Wenzhonggong (Su Shi) said it, who dares to change the evaluation? As for knowing the righteousness of the public heart because of the righteousness of the pen, is it not here? ”
Song Wang Shipeng's "Meixi Houji" Volume 17 "Fu Xinghua Sent Cai Duanming Collection to Wen Gongwen for Seeking Duanming Thesis" poem: "At the beginning of the rectification of the pedantic posthumous text, send Jun liao to report Qiongju. The southern neighbors are still not bored, and they are looking for the first book of the imperial dynasty. ”
Song Liu Kezhuang's "Houcun Collection" volume 31 "Inscription, Cai Duanming LinzhenCao Qianwen" said: "Zhonghui Cai Gong calligraphy is the first in this dynasty. ”
Song Lin Xiyi's "Zhuxi Qizhai Eleven Drafts" sequel volume 13 "Bao Cai Duanming Legacy Jian Kang Du Jun Yi XingCao Four Posts" said: "Cai Zhonghui zhengzi is the first in this dynasty, and the grass is wonderful, but there are very few people who have obtained it. This volume is especially valuable. ”
There were so many famous and well-known calligraphy connoisseurs in the dynasty who gave Cai Xiang's calligraphy the highest score of "the first in this dynasty", which is rare in the history of Chinese calligraphy.
(To be continued)
Editor's Note:
Welcome friends to continue to the public number behind the album, leave a message you want to ask Professor Zhong all the questions about poetry. The answers will be published in this issue.
Professor Zhong said, readers pay attention to reading is support, peach to repay Li, not to think of the newspaper, always think good also!
Author/Zhong Zhenzhen Editor/Feng Xiao
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