Studying the Analects Together (19)

Sub-chapter

Zi Zhang Yue: "Soldiers see danger and death, see righteousness, sacrifice and respect, mourn and mourn, it can be finished." ”

Readers can give their lives in the face of danger, in the face of interests, more is to consider righteousness, sacrifice with respect, and mourn when mourning, and so on.

Zi Zhang Yue: "If you don't carry out morality and faith, can you do it?" Can you die? ”

One can practice benevolence oneself without educating others, but believing in benevolence but not firmly, is this kind of person virtuous or unethical? The Buddhists say that to live oneself oneself oneself oneself is to be one's own people.

Zi Xia's doorman asked Zi Zhang, and Zi Zhang said, "Zi Xia Yun He?" "To the Son: 'Whoever can do it with it, and he who cannot refuse it.'" Zi Zhang Yue: "It's different from what I heard." A gentleman is virtuous and tolerant of the multitude, and a gentleman is kind but not reserved. What is the intolerable nature of My GreatNess? If I am not virtuous, will people reject me, and if they reject others? ”

When asked about interacting with people, Zixia's students said that those who can communicate should communicate, and those who cannot communicate should stay away. Zi Zhang said: It's not the same as what I heard. Gentlemen respect the wise, treat others with leniency, praise those who are capable, and sympathize with those who are weak. If you are virtuous, what person can't tolerate it? If you are not virtuous, others will not associate with themselves, so where is the opportunity to reject others?

Zi Xia Yue: "Although there will be considerable people in the small path, zhiyuan is afraid of mud, and it is a gentleman who does not do anything." ”

Even small skills must have merit, but obsessively studying these may hinder the pursuit of ambitious undertakings, so gentlemen do not do these things.

Zi Xia Yue: "The day knows its death, and the moon does not forget what it can do, it can be said that it is good to learn." ”

Learning what you didn't know before every day, and not forgetting what you have learned every month, can be said to be easy to learn.

Zi Xia Yue: "Erudite and determined, asking questions and thinking closely, benevolence is in it." ”

Learning extensively and keeping one's own ambitions, asking questions earnestly and thinking often about what is at hand, Ren is in the middle of this.

Zi Xia Yue: "A hundred workers live recklessly to accomplish their own things, and a gentleman learns his way." ”

Craftsmen from all walks of life complete their work in the workshop, and gentlemen master the Tao through study.

Zi Xia Yue: "The fault of the villain must also be written." ”

Villains who make mistakes will surely cover them up.

Zi Xia Yue: "There are three changes in a gentleman: looking at it is like it, that is, it is also warm, and listening to his words is also strong." ”

A gentleman makes a man feel three kinds of changes: he looks solemn and fearful from a distance, he is gentle and amiable when he approaches him, and he is harsh when he listens to him.

Zi Xia Yue: "A gentleman believes and then works for his people, but if he does not believe, he thinks that he is strong, and if he believes and then advises, he thinks that he has slandered himself." ”

Gentlemen only serve them after they have gained the trust of the people, and if they do not have the trust, they do so, and the people will think that they are abusing them. When a gentleman has gained the trust of the monarch, he goes to counsel, and if he does not receive trust, he goes to counsel, and the monarch will think that he is slandering himself.

Zi Xia Yue: "Great virtue is not idle, and small virtue can come and go." ”

Big moral disciplines cannot be crossed, and some discrepancies in small sections are okay.

Zi You yue: "Zi Xia's gate man boy, when the sprinkling sweep should deal with the advance and retreat." Or is it true that there is nothing in the original, as in what? Zi Xia heard this and said, "Oh, words have wandered!" The way of a gentleman, who passes it on first? Tired? For example, the grass and trees, the district is different. Is the way of a gentleman slanderous? He who has a beginning and a pawn is only a saint! ”

Ziyou and Zixia had a heated discussion on the issue of teaching methods. Ziyou commented that Zixia's doormen were okay to do some sprinkling and sweeping, dealing with guests, and retreating etiquette, but they didn't know the fundamental way. Zixia believes that teaching should be gradual, first small sections, then major events, just like cultivating grass and trees, should distinguish their types, and adopt different cultivation methods.

Zi Xia Yue: "Shi and excellent are learning, learning and excellent is Shi." ”

If you still have spare strength to be an official, you should study, and if you still have spare strength, you should become an official.

Zi You said: "The mourning is mournful and stops." ”

The mourning is a sufficient expression of mourning.

Zi You yue: "My friend Zhang is also embarrassed to be able to do it, but he is not kind." ”

Zi Lobby: My friend Zi Zhang is precious, but he has not yet reached the realm of benevolence.

Zeng Zi said: "The hall is like Zhang Ye, it is difficult to be with and benevolent." ”

Zi Zhang, who is very dignified, is difficult to do benevolence with him.

Zeng Zi said, "I have heard of the masters, and those who have not attained self-help will also be killed!" ”

I heard my teacher say that people do not take the initiative to fully show their feelings, if there is, it must be when their parents die!

Zeng Zi said: "I have heard of the masters, the filial piety of Meng Zhuangzi, and other possibilities; it is difficult for him not to change the father's subjects and the father's government." ”

Zeng Zi said: I have heard my teacher say that Meng Zhuangzi's filial piety can be done by others in other aspects, and he does not change his father's old subjects and his father's political measures, which is difficult for others to do.

Meng Shi made Yang Pi a scholar and asked Yu Zengzi. Zeng Zi said: "The people have lost their way, and the people have been scattered for a long time." If you get it, mourn and don't rejoice! ”

Meng made Yang Fu the official in charge of punishment, and Yang Skin asked Zeng Zi for advice. Zeng Zi said: Those who are in power have lost the right path, and the people's hearts have been separated for a long time. If the truth is revealed at the trial of the case, we should be sad and pitying, not complacent!

Zi Gong Yue: "It is not as good as it is even worse." It is the evil of a gentleman who is inferior, and the evil of the world is returned. ”

The Shang King's lack of way was not as serious as it is now. Therefore, a gentleman is afraid to be stained with dirt, because once he stains his deeds, all the bad things in the world are concentrated on him.

Zi Gong Yue: "The transgression of a gentleman is like the eclipse of the sun and the moon." Everyone sees it, and everyone looks up to it. ”

A gentleman's faults, like eclipses and lunar eclipses, are visible to everyone when there is a fault; when it is corrected, everyone looks up to him.

Wei Gongsun Chao asked Yu Zigong, "Zhongni Yanxue?" Zi Gong Yue: "The way of literature and martial arts has not fallen to the ground, but in people." The sage knows the great, the unwise knows the small, is there no way of literature and martial arts, and the master does not learn? And what is the constant teacher? ”

Gongsun of weiguo asked Zi Zi where Zhongni's knowledge had come from. Zigong said that the ways of King Wen of Zhou and King Wu of Zhou have not been lost and are still preserved in the human world. The virtuous master the important parts, and the incompetent remember only the details. The way of King Wen of Zhou and King Wu of Zhou is everywhere, where can teachers not learn? And why have a regular teacher?

Uncle Sun Wu Shu Yu Dafu Yu Chaoyue: "Zi Gong Xian Yu Zhongni." Zifu Jingbo told Zi Gong, Zi Gong Said: "For example, the wall of the palace, the wall of the bestowal is also up to the shoulders, and the good of the chamber and the family is glimpsed; the wall of the master is counted, and it is not allowed to enter through its door, and the beauty of the temple and the wealth of the hundred officials are not seen." Those who have gained his door may be widowed, and the cloud of the Master is not suitable! ”

For the question that Zigong is stronger than Zhongni, Zigong said: Let's use the wall as an analogy, my family wall is only shoulder-high, and you can see the beauty of the houses inside from the outside of the wall. The teacher's wall is a few inches high, and if you can't find the gate to go in, you can't see the beauty of the temple and the richness of the house. Perhaps too few people can find the gate. So isn't it natural for Uncle Sun Wu to say that?

Uncle Sun Wu destroyed Zhongni, and Zi Gong said: "There is no way to think, Zhongni cannot be destroyed." The sages of others, the hills, can be surpassed, and the zhongni, the sun and the moon, are beyond the gain. Although people want to kill themselves, why does it hurt the sun and the moon? It is more common to see its unknown amount also. ”

Uncle Sun Wu slandered Zhongni. Zigong said: Don't do this! Jonny is not to be denigrated. The merits of others, like hills, can be surpassed; Zhongni, like the sun and the moon, is insurmountable. Even if a person wants to cut himself off from the sun and the moon, what harm does it do to the sun and the moon? It just shows that he doesn't measure up.

Chen Ziyao said to Zi Gongyue: "Zi is Gongye, zhongni is xian yu zihu?" Zi Gong Yue: "A gentleman thinks he knows what he says, but he thinks he doesn't know what he says, and he must not be careless in his words." The Master's unattainable, judas's unattainable ascension. The Master of the Kingdom, the so-called Li Zhi Li, the Tao Si Xing, sui Si Lai, the Moving Si He. His life is also glorious, and his death is also mournful, so how can it be reached? ”

Chen Ziyao said to Zigong: You are too humble, how can Zhongni be more talented than you? Zigong said: A gentleman can show wisdom in one sentence, and a sentence can also show that he is not smart, so he cannot speak without caution. No one could catch up with my teacher, as if the blue sky couldn't climb through the stairs. If the teacher governs the country and says that he will stand on the courtesy, the people will stand on the courtesy; guide the people, and the people will follow; appease the people, and the people will come to obey; mobilize the people, and the people will work together. He was glorious when he was alive, and it was sad to die, how could anyone else catch up with him?

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