Read the Analects once a year (2022.19)

Ten lectures in the Analects

Comment on each passage of the original book, and give each quotation cluster class;

The large categories were sorted according to certain rules, so there was a new Analects.

The fifth lecture is benevolence and wisdom

"Benevolent" and "wise" are two types of people, but Confucius liked to put these two types of people together.

The benevolent person is not necessarily wise, unless it is a true benevolent person;

A wise person does not necessarily have benevolence, unless he is a great wise man.

【Sage】

14.31 The Son: "He who does not rebel, who does not believe, or who is prophetic, is a virtuous!" ”

Not hindsight, not to blame others for not being deliberately deceitful.

Billion, with "conjecture", speculation. Don't speculate for no reason whether others are untrustworthy.

If you don't do this, you can also prejudge the other party's conspiracy, which is considered clever.

Do not give an afterthought, nor speculate whether the other party will be trustworthy, but in advance, according to the relevant information, make an accurate judgment, this is a wise person!

【Wisdom】【Speech】

15.8 Zi Yue: "You may speak with words but not with words, and you will lose people; you may not speak with words, and you will not speak with words, and you will lose your words." He who knows does not lose his word, nor does he lose his word. ”

Confucius spoke cautiously and studied speech very thoroughly.

He thinks that if you can talk to someone without talking, you will miss it; if you talk to someone who can't talk, you will slip your mouth. Truly intelligent people make neither the mistake of "losing people" nor the mistake of "gaffing words".

The key is to grasp the "can" and "can't", which is easier said than done. It's hard to do without a certain amount of experience, without quite deep thinking.

【Ren】

15.9 Zi Yue: "A man of good will, who has no survival to harm the benevolent, has to kill to become a benevolent." ”

Cheng: Complete.

Confucius spared his life, but life is precious, and benevolence and righteousness are more expensive. Confucius said that people with ambition and benevolence will not damage benevolence and morality in order to survive, but will only resolutely dedicate themselves to fulfilling benevolence and righteousness.

Zhu Ziyi: If you deserve to die and survive, you will have uneasiness in your heart, and it is a virtue that harms your heart. When you die, you are at peace and all your virtues.

15.10 ZiGong asks for benevolence. Zi Yue: "If a worker desires to do good, he must first use his weapon." Ju is a state, a sage who is a doctor, and a benevolent person who is a friend. ”

Zigong asked the way of benevolence, that is, how to do it in line with benevolence. Confucius believed that the first thing is to establish good relations with the elites of the country, the best doctors, and the most benevolent scholars. This is the same as the craftsmen to do a good job, first of all, the tools are ready is a truth.

Because Zigong is not a doctor, he can only be called a "scholar", so he is a "friend" to a scholar and a "thing" (service) to a doctor.

This is true for a country, and it is true for a unit. As big as a country and as small as a unit, the truth is the same. It is necessary to open up the "Second Pulse of RenDu" (human connections) first, and then we can do good things.

【Wisdom】【Ren】

15.33 The Son said, "If you know what you know, you cannot keep it, and if you gain it, you will lose it." If you know it, benevolence can keep it, and if you don't be solemn, the people will not respect it. Knowing what is known, benevolence can be kept, zhuang is not good, moving is not courtesy, and is not good. ”

KEY: Governance.

First of all, there must be wisdom, and wisdom must not be enough, and nothing should be said.

Wisdom and wisdom, get the hand, but also have to use benevolence, but also zhuang yizhi, that is, put on a solemn and mysterious appearance to show the people, the masses will fear you.

In the end, it must also conform to the norms of etiquette, otherwise it is not perfect, and it cannot start and end well.

15.35 Zi Yue: "The people are more benevolent than water and fire." Water and fire have seen the dead, and I have not seen the dead. ”

Confucius was disappointed not only in the rulers, but also in the common people. The benevolent way he advocated was avoided by the common people, rather than by water and fire.

Falling into the water will drown, jumping into the fire will burn to death, but hugging Ren will not kill people? Confucius did not understand. Good people are difficult to do, good people suffer losses, good people do not live long, and bad people live for thousands of years, which has been the case since ancient times.

Everyone is willing to let others be good people, let others be benevolent, and not do it themselves.

15.36 Zi Yue: "Do not give in to the teacher." ”

Aristotle said something similar, meaning "I love my teacher, I love the truth even more."

When: Value.

Faced with the choice of benevolence and righteousness, even his own teachers could not give in.

17.6 Zi Zhang asked Ren to Confucius. Confucius said, "Those who can do the five are benevolent in the world." "Please ask. "Congratulations, leniency, faith, sensitivity, and favor." Gong is not insulting, leniency is won by the multitude, faith is at the mercy of the people, min is meritorious, and hui is enough to make people. ”

Zi Zhang asked what benevolence was, and Confucius said that it was benevolence to be able to practice the five virtues in the world. Which five? The answer is respectful, tolerant, trustworthy, diligent and kind.

"Gong" is at the top, and "Hui" is at the end.

Respect will not be insulted, tolerance will be supported by the people, trustworthiness will make people trust, diligence and sensitivity will easily establish merit, and mercy will be able to make others listen to your orders.