Read the Analects once a year (2022.23)

Ten lectures in the Analects

Comment on each passage of the original book, and give each quotation cluster class;

The large categories were sorted according to certain rules, so there was a new Analects.

The seventh lecture is politics

"Politics" cannot be understood in a narrow sense.

It is not only when you are a national leader that you can talk about "politics".

Nor can we only talk about "politics" if we enter state organs.

Wherever there are people, there are rivers and lakes, wherever there are rivers and lakes, there are levels, and wherever there are levels, we can "serve the government."

【For the government】【Right body】

12.17 Ji Kangzi asked Confucius. Confucius said to him, "Politician, Zhengye." Zi Shuai is righteous, who dares to be right? ”

When students ask for advice, it is "so-and-so asks politics", such as "Zi Zhang asks politics". People with positions discuss that "so-and-so asks the government of Confucius", such as "Qi Jinggong asks the government of Confucius" and "Ji Kangzi asks the government of Confucius".

Ji Kangzi asked Confucius for advice on the way to govern. Confucius replied to him: "'Politics' means 'righteousness'. Those who serve the government themselves must first be upright and do the right thing. Leaders take the lead in decency, and who dares not be decent? ”

The upper beam is not right and the lower beam is crooked, and the people below are often like a model. Good ones are hard to learn, bad ones are learning fast. Big greedy big boss, small greedy little head. The big self is greedy, will he discipline the greed of the small ones? He who is not greedy does not dare to use it!

Fan Shi Yue: There is no one who is not righteous but can correct others.

【For the government】【Right body】

12.18 Ji Kangzi was ill with thieves and asked Confucius. Confucius said to him, "He who does not desire a son, though he does not steal what he rewards." ”

In ancient Chinese law, "thief" and "thief" are different. Theft refers to the crime of property infringement, while thief is mostly a crime of personal injury.

Ji Kangzi was worried about the frequent occurrence of thefts and asked Confucius.

Confucius said to him, "You must take the lead in not coveting money, and if you can be ashamed of greed, and the people below will also be ashamed of greed, then you are rewarding them to steal, and no one will go." ”

This passage carries on from top to bottom, meaning coherent. In the previous paragraph, "The son is righteous, but who dares to be right", this paragraph "The son does not desire, and the people do not want it". The next paragraph reads, "The Son desires to be good and the people are good, and his own desires are right and the people are righteous."

【For the government】【Toward good】

12.19 Ji Kangzi asked Confucius, "If there is no way to kill, then there is a way, how can it be?" Confucius said to him, "The son is the government, and the son is killed?" The Son desires goodness and the people are good. The virtue of a gentleman, the virtue of a villain. The wind on the grass will blow. ”

Just, close means.

Yan, falling, the metaphor is impressed, inspired.

Ji Kangzi has his own ideas about government, he said: "How about killing all the bad people and praising the good people more?" What criteria does Ji Kangzi consider the "good guys" and "bad guys" to be determined? The high probability is that it will be based on his preferences and interests. Those who steal must be killed quickly, right? And isn't he the biggest advocate and practitioner of theft? The so-called princes of the thief.

Confucius scoffed at this: "Why do you have to rely on severe punishment to maintain your rule?" You take the lead in goodness, and the people follow in doing good. The character of a gentleman is like the wind, and the character of the people is like grass. As soon as the wind blows, the grass falls, and the key is that the wind must play a good role model and take the lead. ”

【For the government】【Right body】

13.6 Zi Said: "He who is righteous does not act according to orders; his body is not righteous, although he does not obey orders." ”

Politicians, Masaya.

The body refers to oneself, one's own good conduct, the first to work, the tireless, the faithful to the deeds, the handsome and righteous, who dares to be right? On the other hand, if you stand up for yourself, rely on the legal system and rely on severe punishment, you may not be able to control people. The way is virtuous, the same is courtesy, shame and dignity. The way is to govern, the same is to punish, and the people are spared and shameless

Yin Shi Yue: Those who teach by example follow, and those who teach by words sue.

【For the government】【Right body】

13.13 Zi Yue: "If you are righteous, why should you engage in politics?" If you can't straighten out yourself, what if you are a righteous person? ”

The body refers to oneself.

People refer to others.

Gou, if the meaning.

If you can do good character, then what is so difficult about politics? His body is straight, and he does not do it.

If you can't lead by example, how can you correct others? His body is not righteous, although he does not obey. Not only is it not from, it may even be against you. You can touch it, why can't I touch it?!

【For the government】【Juxian】

13.2 Zhonggong is the Ji clan zai, asking the government. Zi Yue: "First there is a division, forgive the minor, and raise up the talents." "Do you know the talents and raise them?" "What is known, what is unknown, and what is given up is given up." ”

There is a division: it is the "relevant department", the official in charge of specific affairs.

Zhonggong served as a housekeeper for the Ji clan and also asked Confucius about administrative governance. Confucius said three things: set an example for subordinate officials, be lenient with others, and promote outstanding talents.

The so-called "Gong is not insulted, wide is won by the crowd, faith is done by people, min is meritorious, and hui is enough to make people", the water is clear, there is no fish, and the people are friendly. Ordinary people are constantly making small mistakes, big mistakes are not committed, and when the leader is too strict and does not rub sand in his eyes, no one can use it.

The first two are easy to understand, and Zhonggong asks how to do the third one? Confucius spoke separately: What you know and are familiar with must be recommended; if you do not understand or are not familiar with it, you cannot be beaten to death with a stick; if others deny it, you must personally investigate it.

What you know is always limited, but as long as you have confirmed, you can cite it. You don't know, Confucius was divided into two categories: one is inconclusive, there is no positive comment, and there is no negative comment; the other is that there is a conclusion, and some people say bad things. Both of these people need to be personally understood and checked by you.

【For the government】【Correct name】【Gentleman】

13.3 Zi Lu said: "Wei Jun treats his son as a government, and the son will be Xi Xian?" Zi Yue: "It will also be righteous!" Zi Lu said, "Yes, Zi Zhi Ye!" Xi Qizheng? Zi Yue: "Yuya Noya! The gentleman does not know it, and the cover is as good as it is. If the name is not right, the words are not smooth; if the words are not smooth, the things will not be accomplished; if things are not successful, the liturgical pleasures will not be happy; if the liturgical music is not happy, the punishment will not be neutralized; if the punishment is not neutral, the people will be caught at a loss. Therefore, the name of a gentleman must be spoken, and what is said must be feasible. A gentleman is indifferent to his words. ”

First Name: Name, name.

Que: Pass "lack", doubtful.

Wrong: Same as "measures", placement.

GOU: Sloppy, reluctant.

ZiLu said to Confucius, "The Weiguo monarch is waiting for you to help him govern the country, so where do you plan to start first?" Confucius said, "Of course, you must first get the right name!" ”

Zi lu spoke quickly, what was in his heart, and what he said in his mouth: "Do you really think so?" That's too pedantic, isn't it? Why do you have to be righteous and get those vain things? Isn't it fragrant to grasp the great power of finance, the power of personnel, and the power of military command? ”

If the teacher is not your teacher, you do not understand that the teacher is very normal, you can lower your posture and ask the teacher to explain it to you in detail, but you openly question the teacher is not looking for scolding?!

Confucius was furious, pointing at Zilu and scolding: "You are so arrogant and rude! Gentlemen will probably take reservations about things they don't understand, rather than commenting on them. ”

The following words are Confucius's administrative program, emphasizing that the punishment of liturgy must be premised on "correct name".

If the name is not correct, then people cannot be persuaded by reason; if people cannot be persuaded by reason, things cannot be successful; if things are not successful, it is impossible to smoothly carry out ritual education; if ritual music cannot be carried out, then punishment may be deviated; if punishment cannot be just, the people will be overwhelmed.

If you don't have a name, how old are you? Why should I listen to you?! Say, who will not say, only the words spoken by celebrities can be called famous words. Only what the emperor says can be called a golden tongue.

If you don't speak well, you can't communicate effectively. If there is no effective communication and the decree does not leave the office, then things will certainly not be done.

Things can't be done, warmth can't be solved, who will listen to you talk about what liturgical education.

Lilly is the ancient rule, the principle of doing things. If the awareness of liturgy is not popularized, and everyone cannot understand that punishment is entirely up to the chief, then it is not the rule of law, not the rule of etiquette, but the rule of man. The same thing, The official A said right, the official B said wrong, there is no unified standard, the people will be blinded.

Therefore, if a gentleman wants to give orders, he must first have a proper name; if the policy is to be carried out, the order must be in line with his own identity. A gentleman must not be sloppy about what he says, what he should say and what he should not say, how to say what not to say, must comply with the established rules. I am responsible for what I say, and what I say is well-founded, not nonsense.

What is said is feasible is that the content of the speech is scientific and in line with reality. Words have something to say, do not say nonsense, nonsense, empty words.

The name can be said, it is said that the name is right, and there is a name that can be said. Your name gives you the power to speak, to say these words, to make these orders. You are the number one, you are the person in charge, you decide.

It is not a false name, not an empty seat, not a "Great Sage of Qi Heaven", but a name with real authority that can give orders.

You Zilu, as a student, do not understand what I mean is very normal, but you dare to question me, a big word, is it a gentleman's doing?!

【For the government】【Good gift】

13.4 Fan Chi asked to learn. Zi Yue: "I am not as good as the old farmer." "Please learn as a nursery." "I'm not as good as the old garden." "Fan is late. Zi Yue: "Little man, Fan Suya!" If the courtesy is good, the people will not dare to be disrespectful; if they are righteous, the people will not dare to disobey; if they are good, the people will not dare to be merciful. If this is the case, then the people of the four directions will bear their sons and come to the end, and they will use the crops? ”

Fan Su, alias Fan Zi Chi, Fan Chi, Lu Guoren.

Nursery: pǔ, refers to gardener.

Love: Honesty.

Swaddling: Carrying a broadband for babies.

Fan Chi wanted to learn from Confucius to grow crops and fruits and vegetables, but he was looking for the wrong person. Confucius was very unhappy, are you deliberately exposing my shortcomings? So he said, "I am not as good as the old farmer, not as good as the old garden." When Fan was late, Confucius immediately scolded him, "Little man, no ambition!" ”

Confucius believed that as long as the leader likes "etiquette", "righteousness", and "faith", if he can achieve these three points, he can attract the people of the four directions to come with their wives and children to defect, and they can personally go to the field to cultivate.

Don't say it to your face, the matter of cursing behind your back is worth exploring... Yang Shi said: "Fan Su traveled to the door of the saint and asked the garden, and the zhi was ugly, and the words could be opened." Why wait for it to come out and then say what is wrong? Gai Yu asked, saying that the farm was inferior, he refused to do so. It is not enough to be suspicious of this, and not to ask. It cannot be reversed with the three corners, so it will not be restored. And if it is out, it is afraid that it will not be known in the end, and if it seeks the old peasants and the old garden and learns, it will be far away. Therefore, to repeat it, let the one who knows what has been said before have the intention of also. ”

【For the government】【Good gift】

14.41 Zi Yue: "If you are good, then the people will be easy to make." ”

The people at the top, the politicians, admired and observed the etiquette, and the people would respect them and obey their orders.

What is a ritual? In short, rules. The upper echelons obey the rules, and the common people naturally obey the rules. If only the governor is allowed to set fires and the people are not allowed to light lamps, how can the people be convinced? Disobeying management, not listening to teachings, and not following the rules are all forced by the leadership!