Read the Analects once a year (2022.16)

Ten lectures in the Analects

Comment on each passage of the original book, and give each quotation cluster class;

The large categories were sorted according to certain rules, so there was a new Analects.

The fifth lecture is benevolence and wisdom

"Ren" and "Zhi" are two types of people, but Confucius liked to put these two types of people together.

A benevolent person is not necessarily wise, unless he is a true benevolent person;

A wise man does not necessarily have benevolence, unless he is a wise man.

【Benevolence】【Words and Deeds】

1.3 Zi Yue: "Clever words make color, fresh and kind." ”

People who speak cleverly are the least likely to talk about "benevolence.".

Clever words make color run counter to "benevolence".

Words are words. "Clever words" are rhetorical words, clever tongues, can speak the Tao, use verbal efforts to please others or take advantage of others.

Color is the face. The ancients called "face" "color", and there is still a saying of "give you some color to see".

"Ling color" is to squeeze the eyebrows, make eyes, and be very good at mobilizing their facial expressions and body language.

People who are clever and clever are people who are good at patting horses and greetings, people who are good at seeing the wind and making the rudder, they pursue profits, do not pay attention to "righteousness" and "benevolence", and are typical hypocrites.

Zhu "Note" Yun: Good words, good colors, ornamentation outside, duty to speak people.

【Ren】【Li le】

3.3 Zi Yue: "If a man is not kind, how can he be polite?" If people are not kind, why be happy? ”

Confucius believed that benevolence is the core of lilly, and lilly is the external expression of benevolence, and the two are each other's appearance. If there is no benevolence, the liturgy is only a form.

【Ren】【Wisdom】

4.1 Zi Yue: "Li Ren is beautiful." Choose not to be kind, do you know? ”

Li, is the ancient unit of area, that is, 300 steps in length and width. In ancient times, the plan was drawn and the residents were placed, and the village was the basic unit of the residents' organization.

At present, some places are still named after Li, for example, there is a "Li Village" in Pingxiang County, Xingtai City, Hebei Province, and "Li" is not "Li" inside and outside.

Alternatively, some dialects may be pronounced zhai, so some ancient books quote it as "house".

Confucius said, "It should be a beautiful thing that the villagers in the township are all people with benevolence." How can one get wisdom without choosing such a community, without being adjacent to benevolent people? ”

4.2 Zi Yue: "The unkind shall not be long-lasting, nor shall they be happy for a long time." The benevolent are kind, and the knowers are beneficial. ”

Covenant, meaning "poor".

There are no rules and bottom lines in the hearts of unkind people, and if they are poor for a long time, they may do wrong, and when they are happy for a long time, they may become corrupt and degenerate.

People with benevolence take "benevolence" as the standard, whether they are poor or reached, they do their own thing.

Confucius often used benevolence and wisdom at the same time, benevolence is the body, and wisdom is used. The benevolent lord is quiet, immovable as a mountain, and is content with benevolence; wisdom takes the initiative, and the long stream is like water, which is beneficial to benevolence.

"Benefiting Ren" probably means striving to create favorable conditions for "Being Kind to Ren."

【Benevolence】【Likes and Dislikes】

4.3 Zi Yue: "The benevolent can be good and the wicked." ”

The benevolent person takes "benevolence" as the standard, and the likes and dislikes are also determined by this, and the person he likes is a benevolent person, and the person who is evil is an unkind person.

The unkind do not have this standard, and the person he likes is the one who can bring benefits to himself, and the person who is evil or despised is the person who cannot bring benefits to himself.

【Ren】

4.4 Zi Yue: "Gou Zhi is benevolent, and there is no evil." ”

"Zhi" is a deliberate pursuit.

If you aspire to pursue the realm of "benevolence", if you are closer to benevolence, you will be farther away from evil. Ren Cheng, no evil also.

4.5 [Gentleman] Zi Yue: "Rich and noble are what man desires, and he does not receive it by his way, nor does he do it." Poverty and poverty are the evils of man, and they do not receive them by their way, nor do they go. Gentlemen to benevolence, evil fame? A gentleman who has no final eclipse violates benevolence, and the creation of the second will be so, and the turbulence will be so. ”

A gentleman loves money and has a way of getting it. It is normal for people to want to be rich, but it is not the riches and nobles that they have "tao" obtained, and gentlemen would rather not. If you want it, it will not be good, and if you want it, it will not last long.

Poverty and poverty are rejected by all, but if it is necessary to get rid of it by improper means, then it is better not to get rid of it.

Confucius's Tao is "benevolence", the gentleman's behavior deviates from "benevolence", you have done everything, are you still afraid of spreading a bad reputation?

"Final eclipse" is the work of a meal, described as a short time.

"Making times" is a hurry.

"Bumping" is a setback.

Gentlemen act in accordance with the requirements of "benevolence" all the time, and the burning of eyebrows does not forget the requirements of "benevolence", and the requirements of "benevolence" are not forgotten when they are frustrated. That is to say, the requirement of "benevolence" has been carved into the bones, rooted in the subconscious, and has been integrated with this person.

4.6 The Son said, "I have not seen the good and the unkind. The good and the benevolent are unable to be repaid; the evil and the unkind are benevolent, and the unkind are not added to their bodies. Is there a way to use its power for a day? I don't see anyone who is underpowered. Covered, I have not seen it either. ”

Confucius was pessimistic, saying that he had never met a man with a clear distinction between good and evil.

Good benevolence, desperate pursuit. Evil is unkind, deeply hateful, and does not let the unkind affect him, just like the person with a purity, away from all filth. This is heart-to-heart talk.

Then there's the power. Confucius said that he had never seen anyone who pursued benevolence in his heart, but he could not do it because of lack of strength.

Is there anyone who can devote all their energy to the pursuit of "benevolence" in one day? Maybe there is, anyway, Confucius said he hadn't seen it.

If you really do it like Confucius said, won't you go to extremes? And going to the extreme is obviously what Confucius opposed. Confucius had never seen such a person, indicating that he himself did not do it in this way.

This is not appropriate or moderate, but it represents a spirit.

4.7 Zi Yue: "The faults of men are also greater than those of their party." After watching, Si Zhiren. ”

Dang: Class.

The mistakes that people make should be classified first. The faults of viewing people should be blamed according to the category, the criticism should be criticized, the counterattack should be counterattacked, the forgiveness should be forgiven, and the exposed should be exposed, which is the heart of benevolence.

There are some faults that may not be faults in their essence, but the characteristics of age or class, everyone's growth environment and value judgments are different, as long as they do not violate the big principles, they should have a tolerant attitude towards these small mistakes, think more and understand more.

A student who studies very hard, but still can't learn, should not be criticized. Not only should it not be criticized, but it should be comforted. Because they don't learn and can't, they deserve to be criticized.