Childhood obesity
Not long ago, the Ministry of Education released a data, the data pointed out that in the past 5 years, the proportion of children of all ages overweight and obesity as a whole has shown an upward trend year by year, and the overweight and obesity rate of children and adolescents aged 6-17 in the mainland has reached 19%, and about 1 in every 5 primary and secondary school students has a small fat mound!
Dr. Yang, how can children be considered obese? Are there any observation criteria?
Our most commonly used and simple evaluation index is the BMI index, the BMI index formula is: weight / (the square of height), that is, kg / m2, for children whose BMI index exceeds the normal value of 2 standard deviations, we call obese children. The following is the WHO (World Health Organization) standard for reference.
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When children consume far more energy than they consume, there will be overnutrition problems, such as overweight, obesity, caries and so on. The overweight and obesity rates of children aged 0-5 in mainland China were 8.4% and 3.1%, respectively, and the overweight obesity rates of children aged 7-12 were 22.5%.
Therefore, when judging the appropriate amount of energy intake for children, it should be fully judged that their consumption is not a constant standard. In general, the energy required for 5 years old is 1600kcal, the energy required for 7 years old is 2000kcal, and the energy required for 10 to 12 years old is 2200kcal.
Why obesity in childhood
Keep it highly valued?
Studies have shown that the growth of fat cells in obese children begins earlier and more quickly than their peers, but does not end significantly later than their peers.
These fat cells, which grow cheerfully early, often affect a child's life — if you are obese as a child, the chance of obesity in adulthood is as high as 75% ; if you are normal as a child, the chance of obesity when you grow up is only 10%.
The impact of childhood obesity is far from this, long-term follow-up surveys show that children are overweight and obese, will significantly increase the risk of chronic diseases such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes and other chronic diseases in adults, increase the incidence of asthma, and the pressure on joints throughout the body will be greater. Obese children begin sexual development relatively early and are more likely to experience rapid bone age growth, resulting in impaired adult height.
Second, obese children are always worried about being teased and rejected, lack of self-confidence, and affect social interaction.
That doesn't sound great! Dr. Yang, is there anything you can do?
Yes, improving childhood obesity requires a "combination punch." Listen to me in detail —
01
To establish the correct nutritional structure
Children's energy provision should ensure a balanced combination of carbohydrates (mainly starchy foods, such as rice, noodles, potatoes, taro, etc.), protein (mainly meat, eggs, milk, some beans), lipids (mainly oils, animal foods, nuts, egg yolks, etc.), vegetables and fruits are also essential, which can provide various vitamins for the human body to help intestinal peristalsis. Recommended Dietary Pagoda:
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02
Establish a correct understanding of food
In Guangdong, I often hear parents say that soup is used to supplement nutrition for their children, and many children also like to eat soup and rice. Soup is certainly a delicious food, but the main nutrient in soup is fat. In a pot of soup, protein is often in the soup residue (meat), and the soup residue is discarded by many parents.
Some parents give their children rice and stir-fried shredded potatoes in the recipe, which should be regarded as the intake of two carb staple foods, and the intake of rice needs to be appropriately reduced.
03
Change children's eating habits
Develop good eating habits, not picky, partial eating, and eat regularly. Give your child less of all kinds of sugary and sugary drinks. Be wary of "milk-containing beverages" - that is, drinks made of fresh milk or dairy products as raw materials, which are not fermented or fermented, in addition to milk, generally contain white sugar, sweeteners, fruit juices, etc., so they basically belong to sugary milk drinks. At the same time, it is not recommended to often give children too much yogurt, yogurt due to special fermentation methods, has a certain role in promoting digestion, but the sugar content of yogurt is quite amazing.
04
Increase your child's exercise
At present, children's exposure to electronic devices and the prolongation of learning time in and out of class and outside the classroom have increased the meditation time, the energy consumption of exercise is relatively reduced, the child's inactivity is coupled with rich nutrition, and overweight or obesity will follow. Therefore, it is recommended to increase your child's outdoor activity time and increase consumption.
During the Spring Festival holiday, a variety of delicacies take turns to surprise the children's taste buds, but at this time, children are also more likely to have gastrointestinal diseases, accumulation of food and loss of appetite. We should pay attention to meat and vegetarian collocation, provide less sugary drinks, fried barbecue food, maintain diet hygiene, let children eat regularly, maintain a certain amount of exercise, and give children a healthy year, happy year!
(Although the food is good, you should also pay attention to timing and quantitation)
Source: Shaoguan Maternal and Child Health Hospital
Editor: Lan Jiewen
Editor-in-charge: Xue Baihua
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