During the winter break, don't forget to keep an eye on your child

In 2019, the overall myopia rate of children and adolescents in China was 50.2%, down 3.4 percentage points from 53.6% in 2018, and in 2020, due to the impact of the new crown pneumonia epidemic, the overall myopia rate of children and adolescents in the country was 52.7%, an increase of 2.5 percentage points over 2019. During the epidemic, primary and secondary schools in many places have taken holidays, and children's opportunities to use electronic products such as playing games, watching TV, and taking online classes at home have increased, which may be the main reason for the increase in the myopia rate of students. At present, during the children's winter vacation, Duan Qiaohong, deputy director of the School Health Institute of the Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, warmly reminds: While children enjoy the holiday, parents should not forget to pay attention to their children's eye hygiene.

First, learn to maintain a correct reading and writing posture

　　Reading and writing body should sit straight, keep the eyes and the book a foot apart, the distance between the chest and the table should be about a punch, the finger holding the pen and the tip of the pen one inch apart from the "three ones" standard; the angle of writing should be appropriate, the angle of the pen shaft and the paper surface when writing with a pencil and pen should be between 40-50 degrees, and the pen shaft should be upright when writing with a brush; do not lie or tilt your head to read, and do not read books when walking or shaking on the car boat.

Second, choose a good visual environment with your eyes

　　(1) Reading and writing visual environment requirements: when reading and writing, there should be sufficient light, window light and table lamp lighting should be shot from the left front. Do not read and write in too bright or too dark light; try not to write with a pencil with a lead core that is too thin, the lead core should be soft and hard, and the writing font should not be too small; choose a suitable learning desk and chair, and the height of the desk is appropriate near the upper abdomen.

　　(2) Requirements for the visual environment of watching television: When watching television, people and the television set should maintain a distance of more than three meters or more diagonal lines of the television screen by more than 5 times; The height of the TV screen should be parallel to or slightly lower than the tv watcher's line of sight; The TV should be placed in a backlit place, and the brightness should be appropriate, not too bright or too dark.

　　(3) Operating the computer visual environment requirements: The computer screen is best turned back or sideways to the window to avoid reflection; The computer console should be lower than the height of the general desk, and the seat should be adjustable in height; the center of the computer screen should be on the same level as the chest; The distance between the computer screen and the eyes should not be less than 50 cm, and the line of sight should be slightly lower than the flat line of sight 10-20 degrees; The light between computer operations should not be too weak or too strong.

Third, develop good eye hygiene habits

　　Continuous close-up eye time can not be too long, reading, doing homework time should be controlled at 40 minutes, rest should pay attention to relax the eyes, should go outdoor activities or look at the distance; control the use of electronic products and watch TV time, do not play or play less video games, it is recommended that non-learning to use electronic products should not exceed 15 minutes each time, the total number of hours per day should not exceed 1 hour, learn to use electronic products controlled within 40 minutes, with the eye gap to do eye exercises or overlook for 10 minutes, so that the eyes are fully relaxed. Preschoolers under the age of 6 should avoid using mobile phones and computers.

Fourth, ensure adequate sleep

　　During the holidays, it is still necessary to maintain a regular schedule, go to bed early and get up early, and ensure adequate sleep. Elementary school students are guaranteed to sleep 10 hours a day, junior high school students are guaranteed to sleep 9 hours a day, and high school students are guaranteed to sleep 8 hours a day.

Fifth, increase outdoor activities and exercise

　　The study data suggests that 2 hours a day, accumulated more than 14 hours of outdoor activity per week, can reduce the incidence of myopia in adolescents by more than 10%. This is because sunlight can stimulate the release of dopamine in the body, dopamine can inhibit the development of myopia, the stronger the light, the more dopamine is released; the intensity of outdoor sunlight is hundreds of times higher than the indoor light intensity; at the same time, high-intensity light can make the pupils shrink, the depth of field increase, the blur is reduced, and it can also play a role in inhibiting myopia. During the winter vacation, children and adolescents should insist on carrying out more than 2 hours of outdoor activities during the day, participate in more ball sports, observe more trees and flowers, and enjoy the green mountains and green waters of nature, so that the ciliary muscles can be relaxed and myopia can be prevented.

Sixth, reasonable dietary nutrition can protect vision

　　When the baby is just born, it has a visual sensing function, but it can only see objects within 15-20cm; with the growth and development of the body, the vision can reach the normal standard at the age of 4, and the vision development will be completely stable and reach the best state until the age of 12. In this process, dietary nutrients play a very important role in the visual development of children and adolescents, and the lack of nutrients can cause impaired vision development, leading to the occurrence of eye diseases. For example, lutein is an important component of macular pigment, which can protect the visual function of people with long-term screen light exposure; β-carotene antioxidant, inhibit inflammation, reduce the risk of age-related macular degeneration leading to blindness; vitamin A helps maintain dark vision, reduce night blindness, dry eye and so on. These dietary nutrients are mainly derived from milk, fish and shrimp, eggs and dark yellow-orange-green vegetables and fruits.

Seventh, during the holidays, we should pay attention to checking our eyesight

　　During the winter vacation, parents should carry out self-testing of their children's vision, observe the child's eye conditions, such as finding that children often squint at the distance or frequent blinking, rubbing their eyes, watching TV obliquely, reading and writing distances, etc., they can use the eye chart at home to self-test their vision or go to regular medical institutions to carry out vision examinations, if it is confirmed that they have suffered from myopia, they should go to the hospital in time to optometry and dispense glasses. Do not go to irregular optical shops to dispense glasses, do not pursue excessively high corrected vision, correct vision to reach 5.0. In addition, do not borrow glasses from each other, everyone's diopter, pupil distance is not the same, borrowing glasses from each other will cause eye fatigue, affecting vision, harmful and useless. Children under the age of 16 should be cautious when wearing contact lenses.

VIII. Parents supervise implementation

　　Parents should understand the scientific knowledge of eye protection, lead by example, drive and help children develop good eye habits, and provide a good visual environment at home as much as possible. At the same time, give your child as much high-quality companionship as possible, and stay away from your phone when you are with your child. Timely discover and correct children's incorrect eye habits, supervise children to do eye exercises at home and other methods and measures to implement healthy vision.

　　Myopia is caused by the lengthening of the eye axis, and the lengthening of the eye axis is an irreversible process, so once myopia occurs, it is impossible to cure, and at present, it can only be controlled and slowed down the deepening rate of myopia. Student holiday is a key opportunity for the prevention and treatment of myopia, the current state has carried out a "double reduction" policy, the health department, the education department has also increased the intensity of myopia prevention publicity, during the winter vacation parents must attach great importance to the prevention of myopia in children, protect the children's bright eyes.

Source: Shijiazhuang Municipal Disease Control