Myopia can be called the "number one killer" of children's eye health, and the prevention and control of myopia during the holidays cannot be relaxed at all. The National Health Commission has issued the "20 Inquiries on the Prevention of Myopia and Health Science for Children and Adolescents During the Winter Vacation", the answers to the questions you are worried about and doubt are here, come and see ↓↓↓↓ with Xiaojia
Winter vacation myopia prevention and control 20 questions
Relationships the eyes of every child
1. At home during the winter vacation, will the risk of myopia be reduced?
No. Winter vacation time, if homework or reading and other close-up eye time, watch tv, computer, mobile phone and other video screen time is too long, not enough sunlight outdoor activities, etc., but will increase the risk of myopia.
2. Winter vacation at home video screen time increases, what should be paid attention to to prevent myopia?
Control video time and select larger screen electronics. Online learning time, primary school students do not exceed 2.5 hours per day, each time does not exceed 20 minutes, secondary school students do not exceed 4 hours per day, each time does not exceed 30 minutes.
In addition, the size of the screen is very important when choosing electronic products, and if possible, try to choose electronic products with larger screens and try to view them as far as possible. The recommended priority order is a projector, TV, computer, tablet, and finally for mobile phones, it is best to choose to project video to a large screen or link to a LARGE screen TV, increase the viewing distance, and try to choose electronic products with a higher screen resolution to reduce eye discomfort and fatigue.
3. Is there an appropriate recommended distance to watch TV, computer and mobile phone?
Yes. Children and teenagers watch TV distance is not less than 4 times the diagonal distance of the screen, the horizontal viewing distance of the computer is not less than 50 cm, and the viewing distance of the mobile phone is not less than 40 cm.
4. Is there a way to relax your eyes after online learning?
Yes. During online learning, increasing the active rest time can not only relax the ciliary muscles and reduce eye fatigue, but also reduce brain fatigue, improve learning efficiency, and relieve tension. It is recommended to often go to balconies, windows and other places with natural light, try to write and read when there is enough light, and look at the distance as much as possible during the intermission.
Do: (1) continuous screen learning time of more than 20-30 minutes, at least active rest 5-10 minutes; (2) in the video screen learning process, consciously close the eyes slightly, open the eyes, up and down left and right, rotate the eyeballs, relax the eyes; (3) stretch the waist and arms after online learning, you can walk indoors, do gymnastics, squat exercises, sit-ups, etc.; do eye exercises after cleaning your hands; stand in front of the window, balcony or door, and look into the distance.
5. The weather is very cold during the winter vacation, can exercising indoors prevent myopia?
Indoor exercise can be used as a way to rest the eyes during long-term close reading, writing and screen, but effective prevention of myopia is the most advocated for daytime outdoor activities. Current research believes that sunlight is a full-spectrum illumination with high intensity, and the human eye naturally adapts. At the same time, sunlight natural rays can promote the release of dopamine from the retina, thereby delaying the growth of the eye axis, thereby helping to prevent myopia. At the same time, outdoor activities also help to protect vision because of the wide field of vision, which can also help reduce peripheral out-of-focus myopia.
Therefore, indoor sports do not have enough sunlight, and narrow vision cannot replace outdoor activities. Children are exposed to natural light (cloudy or sunny) outdoors during the day, and have a wide field of view, which can be more effective in preventing myopia.
If you need to isolate at home due to epidemic prevention and control, you can bathe in sunlight through balconies, windows or your own yard to contact natural light.
6. Is there a time requirement for daytime outdoor activities to prevent myopia?
Yes, it is recommended to spend no less than 2 hours outdoors in the sun every day, and longer for myopic children and adolescents.
From the perspective of preventing myopia, the key to daytime outdoor activities is outdoors, not the content, method and intensity of activities. At the same time, outdoor activities should be arranged according to the place and time, pay attention to safety, replenish moisture and avoid direct light.
7. Does the height of the table and chair at home affect vision?
influential. In order to ensure that children and adolescents can maintain correct reading and writing postures at home and reduce learning fatigue, parents should provide children with appropriate desks and chairs.
For families with adjustable desk chairs, adjust the height of the desk chair according to the self-monitoring principle of "sitting on a chair/stool with the thighs perpendicular to the calves, and the upper arm drooping when the back is straight, and the elbows are 3-4 cm below the tabletop".
For families without adjustable desks and chairs, adjust according to the self-monitoring principles described above. If the table is too high, use a higher chair as much as possible and put a foot pad under your feet so that your feet can be placed flat on the foot pads, and your thighs are perpendicular to your calves. When the table or chair is too low, raise the table or chair high.
8. It is important to have a correct reading and writing posture, what should parents and children do?
Do "three ones, not biased". The so-called "three ones" is "one punch and one foot and one inch": one punch, one punch between the chest and the table (the distance of one fist); one foot, the distance between the eyes and the book (33 cm distance); one inch, the finger holding the pen should be one inch away from the tip of the pen.
It is also necessary to emphasize "not biased", long-term partial head reading, writing homework, easy to cause monocular myopia, parents and children should pay special attention.
9. Is there a solution to the light in the room during the day or too dark?
There is a way. When the natural light is too strong during the day, it is advisable to use curtains to shade the light and adjust the curtains according to the angle of the sun's illumination. When the natural light is insufficient during the day, the room top light is preferred for illumination; when the light is still insufficient, use the reading and writing desk lamp to assist the lighting.
10. When the family is studying at night, does the lighting only need the table lamp?
No. At night, it is advisable to use the room top lamp and the reading and writing desk lamp at the same time, and the reading and writing work desk lamp is placed in front of the opposite side of the writer.
The use of color temperature adjustable LED reading and writing work lamp, the color temperature should be adjusted to less than 4000K at night; the color temperature is not adjustable and the color temperature is higher than 4000K LED reading and writing work lamp should not be used at night. In addition, it is not advisable to use bare light without a lampshade.
11. Is it useful to use myopia prevention and control products at home?
not necessarily. Tools such as pen grippers and reading and writing sitting posture correctors may play a role in assisting children to develop correct reading and writing postures.
Many other myopia prevention and control related products circulating in the market still lack an effective basis; some pseudoscientific myopia prevention and control methods or products are not only ineffective but harmful.
To prevent and control myopia scientifically, it is recommended to consult a professional doctor in a medical institution and choose prevention and control measures suitable for children under the guidance of a doctor. Parents should also take the initiative to learn the knowledge of myopia prevention and control, and improve the ability to identify pseudoscience products for myopia prevention and control.
12. Do I need to do eye exercises at home during winter vacation?
need. Eye exercises are an eye care method to relieve eye fatigue and relax the eyes, and can be selected for contact eye exercises or non-contact eye exercises when reading and writing at close range for 30-40 minutes or video screen activity for 20-30 minutes.
Contact eye exercises: According to the daily eye care exercise steps in school, a total of 6 sections include kneading bamboo acupuncture, pressing the eye acupuncture points, pressing the four white acupuncture points, rubbing the temples Scraping the upper orbit, kneading the wind pool acupuncture, and kneading the earlobes and toes. Cut your nails short before doing eye exercises, clean your hands, and make sure you close your eyes carefully. When doing eye exercises, you should find the correct acupuncture points, and the technique is gentle, with a slight feeling of soreness.
Non-contact eye exercises: Not only can the risk of infection caused by hand contact with the eyes be avoided, but also provide a new way to rest the eyes according to the time. The specific steps include: opening and closing the eyes (closing the eyes for four beats and then opening the eyes), cross movements (looking left, right, up, and down of the eyes), binocular circles (both eyes turning counterclockwise and clockwise), and alternating near and far (the arms are straight forward, and the eyes alternately looking at the fist and the distance).
13. Does partial eating have an effect on vision?
influential. The growth and development of the eyes requires rich nutrients. Eat a balanced diet, not picky and not partial to food. Eat more fruits and vegetables, as well as the intake of fish, soy products and eggs and other high-quality protein, but also pay attention to the consumption of carrots, blueberries and other foods rich in vitamins beneficial to the eyes, which has a positive effect on maintaining the normal growth and visual function of the eyes. It is recommended to eat less sweets and sugary drinks.
14. Does sleep behavior affect myopia?
will affect. Studies have suggested that the less sleep time and the later the night sleep time increases the risk of myopia. Therefore, it is recommended that the daily sleep time is not less than 10 hours for primary school students, not less than 9 hours for junior high school students, and not less than 8 hours for high school students. Avoid going to bed late and getting up late, and develop a regular routine.
15. Is hand hygiene also a sight care behavior?
be. Some infectious disease pathogens can be transmitted through contact, keeping hands clean, reducing touching door handles, elevator buttons, desktops, etc., and avoiding rubbing your eyes with your hands are important measures to prevent some infectious diseases such as new crown pneumonia.
Wash your hands in time before and after meals, after going out and going home, before eye exercises, and before wearing corneal contact lenses. Use the "Seven-Step Handwashing Method" to clean your hands for no less than 20 seconds (equivalent to singing "Happy Birthday Song" twice).
16. How can parents detect myopia in their children as early as possible?
Pay attention to related symptoms and have regular vision check-ups. During the winter vacation, parents should pay attention to their children's vision, such as finding that the child has symptoms such as dry eyes, foreign body sensation, burning sensation, itching, photophobia, red eyes, eye pain, etc., they should stop the visual screen behavior; if the symptoms cannot be alleviated, go to the hospital for treatment if necessary.
For young children, parents should consciously observe or actively ask whether there are any of the above symptoms from time to time. When it is found that the child has myopia-related symptoms such as crooked vision, frequent squinting, and eye squeezing, it is advisable to rest and exercise in a timely manner, and if necessary, go to the hospital for treatment.
17. If myopia is found, what should parents and children do?
Go to the hospital in time and make scientific corrections according to the doctor's instructions. Myopia can be corrected, but it is difficult to cure. If you find myopia, you must adjust your mentality, do not superstitious, go to a regular ophthalmic medical institution for examination, and if necessary, perform mydriatic refraction.
The doctor will give the best treatment plan according to the situation. At present, the means that can be used for myopia prevention and control are wearing glasses, orthokeratology glasses (commonly known as OK mirrors), low-concentration atropine eye drops, etc., which have a certain effect in controlling the progression of myopia, but not everyone is suitable, and it is necessary to select and use them under the guidance of doctors and review them regularly. At the same time, myopic children and adolescents should change their bad eye habits and participate in outdoor activities.
18. Does wearing glasses deepen myopia?
If myopia is not scientifically controlled, whether you wear glasses or not, myopia will deepen. If myopia has occurred, not wearing glasses correctly in time will accelerate the growth of myopia. The correct approach should be to correct scientifically under the guidance of a doctor, and when you can't see clearly, you need to wear appropriate glasses as soon as possible.
19. Can I go to the hospital for optometry and glasses during winter vacation?
It depends on the epidemic prevention and control situation. In low-risk areas, if there is a real need for optometry and dispensing, under the premise of adequate epidemic prevention, you can go to the hospital to check the eyes. It is recommended to understand the medical institution's optometry department consultation information and the opening hours of the optics center in advance, make an appointment as required, and visit the peak at different times. In the process of optometry and dispensing, children and adolescents and accompanying parents should do a good job of personal protection to avoid gathering of people.
In medium- and high-risk areas, it is recommended to suspend routine vision review, optometry and other medical activities.
20. During the winter vacation, what can parents do to prevent myopia in their children?
Lead by example, protect your eyes and love your eyes. The role of parents in leading by example cannot be ignored. First of all, we must establish the basic concept of myopia being "preventable, controllable, correctable, and incurable". Parents do not do "mobile phone control", "TV control" and "computer control", and accompany them as much as possible at home to carry out interactive activities with their children. In low-risk areas, parents should go outdoors with their children and get close to the sun.
In fact, about the child's vision problems,
Many parents still have misunderstandings.
Maybe it's these unscientific ideas.
Instead, it will cause the child to wear glasses early.
@ All Parents,
These misunderstandings must be prevented!
These myopia prevention misunderstandings have you stepped on the mine?
Myth 1: "It's no problem to see clearly"
The school doctor of a primary school told reporters one thing. Several consecutive vision tests have found that a student's vision has been poor (below 5.0), and the school doctor has repeatedly reminded parents to take their children to the hospital for examination, and if necessary, give their children glasses. But the school doctor found that the parents did not take it too seriously every time, and they did not take their children to the hospital for professional examination. Such a phenomenon is not unique, and the school doctor is very helpless.
In fact, whether it is a school doctor or a professional doctor in the hospital, some parents have found that some parents are "stubborn" in the face of their children's vision problems. The school doctor told reporters that after parents got their children's vision test results showed as "bad", some would take their children to the hospital for examination in time, but some parents just casually asked their children if they could see the blackboard. If the child says that he can see clearly, the parent will not be the same thing.
Li Li, director of the Department of Ophthalmology at Beijing Children's Hospital, said that if he encounters a slightly smaller word on the blackboard or electronic whiteboard, the child will squint his eyes and look hard, which is the adjustment function of his eyes. Teenagers' eyes are very well adjusted, and they may be able to see clearly as soon as they make a strong effort. However, continuous squinting will keep the ciliary muscles in a state of fatigue, which will exacerbate the development of myopia.
Myth 2: "There is no benefit in wearing glasses"
When the reporter interviewed in a primary school, he found that he randomly walked into a third-grade class, and according to the vision test results provided by the school, 17 of the 35 students in this class had poor vision, and even some students had a low vision of 4.2. However, the reporter found that not many of them wore glasses. The principal helplessly told reporters that although some of the students were myopic, parents did not wear glasses for their children, and they believed that wearing glasses would deform the children's eyes and that myopia would also be aggravated.
In this regard, Su Zhenyu, an expert in vision prevention and control engineering at the Health Center of the China Customs Work Committee, told reporters that myopia itself is irreversible. Normally, your child's eye level may rise by about 100 degrees per year, but if he does not wear glasses, he may increase by 150-200 degrees per year. He suggested that if the average child's myopia reaches 100 degrees, he needs to wear glasses for the child.
Myth 3: "Myopia is just fine, wear glasses or have surgery"
In the process of talking with many school doctors, the reporter also found that some parents still have a view that their children's myopia is not a big problem, it is a big deal to wear glasses, and after the age of 18, myopia surgery can be solved.
"Because they don't understand the dangers of high myopia." Yang Lihua, director of the Wuhan Juvenile Low Vision Prevention and Control Center, said to the point. She pointed out that mild myopia, wearing glasses can be, will not affect the normal life too much. However, once the degree of myopia is too high, it is easy to bring some pathological changes, such as cracks, retinal detachment, and may even cause blindness, which can not be solved with glasses. Moreover, surgery is only done without wearing glasses, but it does not change the length of the eye axis and the structure inside the eyeball, that is, it does not eliminate myopia. Therefore, Yang Lihua proposed that parents must not "look down" on myopia, especially not to allow their children to develop into high myopia.
Myth 4: "If the vision test is normal, myopia will not occur"
In a kindergarten in Qiaokou District, Wuhan City, the reporter got what he thought was very "beautiful" data from the director: there were more than 270 children in the whole kindergarten, and only 7 had poor vision. "That doesn't mean much." When the reporter told Yang Lihua this data, she calmly said that kindergarten children, who are still young and have a low rate of poor vision testing, do not mean that they will not be myopic. Looking at their subsequent vision development, we should look at their farsighted reserves. If the reserve of farsightedness is insufficient, even if the vision in kindergarten is normal, but with the increase of eye use, his myopia process will also accelerate, so that in the primary school stage, it is still easy to appear myopia.
Li Li also proposed that vision testing cannot be used as a standard for diagnosing myopia. If a vision test shows low vision, your child may be nearsighted, farsighted, astigmatism, or low vision. Moreover, the results of vision tests may also be inaccessible. For example, during vision testing, if the child squints his eyes, or the speed of the inspector's operation, it will affect the results. Therefore, if the results of the vision test are bad, they should give parents a wake-up call and take the child to the hospital for examination to see what is causing it. True myopia testing requires a visit to the hospital for a professional ciliary muscle paralysis refraction to be determined.
Myth 5: "Massager can treat myopia"
With the continuous increase in the rate of myopia among young people on the mainland, the prevention and control of myopia has even risen to a national strategy. In this case, many merchants quickly smelled business opportunities, so various massage or physiotherapy instruments for myopia prevention and control quickly blossomed everywhere. Some merchants even take advantage of the public's ignorance of the problem of myopia to carry out various false propaganda and exaggerate the function of the product. For example, some products blatantly advertise in the slogan that the product is a "myopia buster" or can "restore vision".
In this regard, Li Li proposed that massage (such as eye exercises) can play a role in relieving eye fatigue, but it cannot improve myopia. Some parents take their children to the massage parlor and find that their eyesight has indeed improved, but in fact, it is just a visual excitement. Once you leave the environment of visual excitement, your vision still does not improve.
Myth 6: "Raising green plants at home will not be myopia"
This year's high school sophomore children, the first semester of the fifth grade found out that the left eye myopia was 50 degrees, the right eye was 75 degrees, and the next semester the re-check became 125 degrees in the left eye and 150 degrees in the right eye, and then increased at a rate of 50 degrees per year. This made Ms. Meng, as a mother, very worried: "We usually pay attention to his eye problems. I have green plants at home, and I also pay attention to remind him to use his eyes for time. But it didn't work, he spent most of his time with his studies. Seeing that the degree of children's glasses is getting higher and higher, Ms. Meng is both anxious and helpless. During the interview, the reporter found that there are countless parents like Ms. Meng who watch their children put up "small glasses" on the bridge of their noses and are powerless.