On April 6, 1951, General Peng held the Fifth Campaign Preparatory Meeting in Zhisi. At this time, the total strength of the volunteer army in Korea reached more than 900,000, and the number of artillery pieces increased to more than 6,000, and the firepower was greatly improved compared with before. Therefore, the senior generals attending this combat meeting were full of confidence, among whom Wang Jinshan, the acting commander of the 3rd Corps, was the most optimistic. In his speech, he said: "How many soldiers are there in the United States?" Coupled with Syngman Rhee's puppet army, it is not enough to be worth one of our military regions, and it is not enough for us to fight in the Huaihai Campaign! I don't think it's a problem to drive the Americans out of the sea, how big is North Korea? Urinating on the 38th line can nourish Busan! ”
Under the influence of this optimism, Shiji finally formulated a campaign plan to eliminate 3 divisions of the US army. The specific idea is: with Wang Jinshan's three corps attacking from the front, Song Shilun's 9 corps and Yang Dezhi's 19 corps detouring from both flanks. In one fell swoop, the Rok 1st Division, the British 29th Brigade, the US 3rd Division, the Turkish Brigade and the ROK 6th Division were encircled and annihilated, and then concentrated on annihilating the US 24th Division and the US 25th Division. It is not difficult to see that General Peng's deployment was to eat up the main force of the "United Nations Army" in one fell swoop through the decisive fifth battle, of which the US army reached three divisions.
On the evening of April 22, 1951, 14 armies of the Chinese and North Korean armies simultaneously began to attack along a front more than 200 kilometers wide, and the troops adopted the method of multi-way pincers to penetrate forward. Under the onslaught of the Volunteers, the "United Nations Army" was gradually defeated. By early May, our army had advanced more than 60 kilometers, and the 12th Army had rushed to the vicinity of the 37th Line. Unfortunately, many battles were fought, and the main force of the US army did not suffer much loss. At the same time, due to the long stretch of the front line, under the continuous bombardment of the US army, the logistics of the volunteer army could not keep up, and the front-line troops had already experienced a shortage of food and ammunition.
On May 21, 1951, Shiji sent a telegram to the 3rd, 9th, and 19th Corps: Due to the lack of our means of transport, the lack of food and ammunition, and the reinforcement of the American troops on the western front, the difficulty of continuing to expand the offensive increased, so the fifth campaign was temporarily over. He also ordered the corps participating in the battle to prepare to begin moving to the area of Lianchuan, Tieyuan, and Huachuan on the evening of the 23rd. As soon as the volunteers retreated, Ridgway commanded 12 divisions to launch a counterattack, and the spearhead of the attack was directed at Tieyuan.
Tieyuan is an important transportation hub in the western region of Korea, and it is also a hoarding place for military supplies for the volunteer army, and once it is lost, the connection between the east and west lines of the volunteer army will be cut off by the enemy, and hundreds of thousands of troops on the way back will be in danger of being surrounded by the enemy. In the face of the sinister battle situation, General Peng gave the task of blocking the enemy in Tieyuan to the 63rd Army of the 19th Corps, and gave Yang Dezhi a death order on the phone: "Even if the 63rd Army is wiped out, it is necessary to hold on to Tieyuan for 15 days!" ”
The 63rd Army was the first field column formed by the Jizhong Military Region, and the five teams of the Laoji Central Military Region were maintained in the unit establishment, which was a relatively strong unit in the North China People's Liberation Army. At this time, after more than a month of fierce fighting, the whole army has been reduced to about 24,000 people, and there is little food and ammunition left, in this case, it is necessary to block the 1st Cavalry Division of the US Army, the 25th Infantry Division, the 28th Brigade of the British Army, and the 29th Brigade of the British Army, which are equipped with more than 1,600 guns and more than 300 tanks, and are supported by the air force.
At this time, Yang Dezhi also had no soldiers to adjust, but he still tried his best to add 500 veterans to Fu Chongbi. In the face of such a difficult task, Fu Chongbi did not cry bitterly, but firmly said: "We are determined to fight to the last person, and we will never let Van Vliet take another half step forward!" "Then the 63rd Army marched to Tieyuan, and the three divisions of the whole army were arranged in an inverted glyph, with the 189th Division on the left wing in the front, the 187th Division on the right wing, and the 188th Division in the rear serving as the reserve.
The battle was first fought east of the Lianchuan-Cheewon Highway and west of the Hantan River. The Americans poured more than 4,500 tons of shells on the 189th Division's positions in an hour, and Van Vliet tried to break through the 189th Division's positions in one fell swoop with ferocious artillery fire. For the US military's firepower flat push tactics, the volunteers have long been very familiar with it. Before the war, Cai Changyuan, commander of the 189th Division, divided the whole division into more than 200 combat units, scattered like nails on a vast area of more than 20 square kilometers near the defensive line, and built more than 200 defensive support points relying on the small hills in the defensive area.
In this way, the all-out offensive of the US army was dissolved into sporadic battles, and Van Vliet's firepower flat push became a pull-point operation, and the speed of advance was greatly slowed down. Seeing that the tactics of the 189th Division worked, the 187th and 188th Divisions began to follow suit. Under the stubborn resistance of the officers and men of the 63rd Army, the US army was struggling. While delaying the enemy's attack, Fu Chongbi also commanded the troops to use the cover of night to continuously counterattack the enemy, and stubbornly curbed the offensive of the US army.
In the end, Fu Chongbi led the 63rd Army to a bloody battle with 50,000 enemy troops in Tieyuan for 14 days and nights, which won valuable time for the main force of the volunteer army to establish a solid defensive line near the 38th Line. In this vicious battle, the 63rd Army annihilated more than 15,000 enemy troops and suffered nearly 20,000 casualties. When the officers and men of the 63rd Army, covered in smoke, withdrew from the Tieyuan front, Mr. Peng personally came to offer condolences, and he shook Fu Chongbi's hand and said: "The motherland thanks you!" Everyone present burst into tears. After the Tieyuan War, the 63rd Army became the first-class main force of the Volunteer Army.
The War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea was a national war for our country, and this battle brought out military and national prestige, and made the whole world look at New China with astonishment. Written by the famous writer Li Feng
"Decisive Battle of Korea" comprehensively unveils many historical truths in front of and behind the stage of the Korean War with detailed historical materials, such as the game contest between the top leadership of the Sino-US Soviet Union and the DPRK, the truth about the Korean People's Army's southern expedition, the truth about China's dispatch of troops to Korea, the real comparison of the combat strength of China and the US army, the inside story of the Soviet Union's military assistance to China and the air force's participation in the war, the real situation of the prisoners of war of the volunteer army, the negotiation process of Panmunjom, and so on.
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