The Shang Dynasty, circa 1600 BC – 1046 BC, was the first verifiable dynasty in the history of our country. The main sphere of influence in the early Shang period was centered on Zhengzhou, Henan, and in the late Shang period, it was centered on Anyang, Henan. The most famous king of the Shang Dynasty, in addition to the Shang Tang who destroyed Xia, was the Shang Dynasty of the Dead Shang. Historians believe that Wu Ding was the most outstanding king of the Shang Dynasty. The picture shows the oracle bone Bu Ci in the Wuding period. Only when I saw the real thing did I know that his calligraphy was very legal.
Wu Ding was the son of Emperor Xiaoyi. Xiao B, on the other hand, was the younger brother of Emperor Pangeng. That is to say, Wu Ding was the second generation of the fourth king after Pan Geng's migration to Yin (Pan Geng's posthumous transmission was located in Di Xiaoxin, and Xiao Xin's posthumous succession was located in Di Xiaoyi). After Wu Ding ascended the throne, he changed the status quo of the decline of the Shang state since Xiao Xin, and was historically called "Wu Ding Zhongxing" and the temple name Gaozong. The picture shows the bronze lord of the Wuding period, a wine vessel. The type may have come from Dongyi.
Before Pan Geng moved the capital to Anyang, merchants retreated from Zhengzhou Bodu and successively moved their capitals to Kui, Xiang, Xing and other places. Since the Shang King Zhongding moved the capital to The Falcon, the Shang Dynasty has gone through nine generations, turmoil, the princes are not in the dynasty, and they are displaced. The capital of Kui may be the site of the Small Double Bridge in Zhengzhou discovered today. The picture shows the jade stone gui in the Wuding era. It was very expensive to make such jade, and its value was far more valuable than the one cast with the same weight of gold today.
It was not until Pan Geng led the merchants to settle at Anyang, south of the Huan River, after two generations of four kings of Pan Geng, Xiao Xin, Xiao Yi, and Wu Ding, that the Shang Dynasty was revived and became the hegemon of the world. The so-called Shangyi wing wing, the pole of the four directions, is the prosperous phase of the Wuding era. The picture shows the Wuding period even Fang Yi, this type of instrument is very rare. The ornamental pattern on the body is in line with the tradition of merchants who are heavy ghosts.
Wu Ding, therefore, is also known as the outstanding emperor of Yin Shang who is equally famous as Tang, the king of Shangwu. According to historical records, Shang Tang was known as "Wu Shi Wu" (吾世武) and was known as the King of Wu. In the "Poetry Sutra Long Hair", it is written: "The king of Wu zaixuan, there is a pious Bingqi. "It's the flag." Here, the King of Wu zaixu, that is, Shang Tang is standing on the chariot, and there is a pious queen (Xiao Wang) standing on the right side of the car, holding a large qi to guard Shang Tang. The picture shows the Yaqi bronze cymbal, which is only the conquest of a medium-sized military general in the Wuding period.
After Wu Ding ascended the throne, it is said that he ignored the government for three years. He dreamed of a saint, so he sent people to look everywhere, and finally found a saint named Shu among a group of workers who built the city wall, so he "called Fu Shu (Reading Yue)". After that, the Shang Kingdom was indeed great! Wu Ding thus became the most prominent king of the late Shang Dynasty.
During the Wuding period, wars were frequent. Wu Ding's wife, Lady Hao, and Concubine Both once led troops on expeditions. In the oracle bones, she led 13,000 soldiers to conquer the Qiang side, of which 3,000 were women's private dependents. It can be seen that the good woman should have been a powerful female lord (or princess) of the Fang country, and Wu Ding married a good wife and a good wife, and her strength increased greatly. Women are like Mu Guiying of the descendants. The picture shows the jade phoenix unearthed from the tomb of the woman, which should be the jade of the Shijiahe culture, that is, the antiquities that Wuding rewarded to the woman.
The woman, on the other hand, found her tomb in the Yin Ruins. This is a large tomb of the shape of a person, and the size of the tomb is far larger than that of the tomb of the woman. The famous Hindypent weighs 832 kilograms and is the largest bronze vessel ever found. The heaviest Western Zhou bronze is the Chunhua Dading, which weighs only 226 kilograms. The famous Da Lu Ding, Da Ke Ding weighed only 153 and 201 kg respectively. And the concubine is only the queen of Wuding, and the economic strength of the Wuding period is so strong that before the Qin destroyed the Six Kingdoms, it can be said that there was no ancient person before and no one came after.
During the Wuding period, there were Fu who said to be virtuous, there were women who were good as fierce generals, there were women who were virtuous queens, and there were sages who knew zuji. Unfortunately, Zu Ji died early and failed to succeed to the throne. The picture shows the bronze robe of the Wuding period. The idiom is staggered, and it refers to the scene of drinking and ordering. This one, mostly in the form of birds and beasts, was mainly popular in the late Shang Dynasty.
Ancestral self is "filial piety.". The eldest son of Wu Ding and the brother of Zu Geng, the King of Shang. Kang Dingbu resigned as "Little Wang Father", Emperor Yi and Di Xinbu resigned as "and self" (Zu Ji), and in the "Book of Shang", he left behind the people's humanistic idea of "Wang Si Respecting the People". This is the original source of Mencius's thinking that "the people are noble, the society is secondary, and the king is light". The picture shows the bronze mirror excavated from the tomb of the woman, which is one of the earliest bronze mirrors.
Wu Ding reigned for fifty-nine years. The time is about 1250 BC - around 1192 BC. This period is roughly at the same time as Ramses II, the male ruler of ancient Egypt.
It is said that Wu Ding "thirty-two years, cutting the ghost fang, second to Jing." Thirty-four years, Wang Shike ghost fang. Qiang, Qiang guests. Forty-three years later, Wang Shi destroyed Dapeng. Fifty years, conquest of Fengwei, Kezhi. "The ghost fang, which had plagued Yin Shang for hundreds of years, was finally driven away during the Wuding period. The picture shows the jade tiger in the Wuding period.
King Wuding also marched south to Jingchu. The Book of Poetry says: Tart Pi Yin Wu, Fenfa Jing Chu. Get into its obstacles, and take a journey through the thorns. "The site of Niutou City in Xingan Oceania, Jiangxi, covers an area of 380,000 square meters, divided into inner and outer cities, and the average height of the city walls is 6 to 4 meters. It was built between about 1255 BC and 1195 BC. It happens to be comparable to the reign of King Wuding. This city may have been the castle built by Wu Ding.
The territory of the Wuding period was very wide, and the Bamboo Book Chronicle said: "It is the land of public opinion, the east is not jiang, huang, the west is not jingman, the north is not Shuofang, and the song is made, the ceremony is abolished and revived, and the temple number is Gaozong." "Roughly including today's Shandong, Hebei, Shanxi, Henan, Hubei, Jiangxi and other places, merchant culture has entered the Guanzhong region of Shaanxi. The large number of Shang Dynasty bronzes excavated in Hunan indicates that Hunan may also become the territory of the great Shang at this time. Its territory is breathtaking.