In the last years of the Xia Dynasty, Xia Jie committed many evil deeds and was cruel and unkind, causing the people to live in deep waters, and the history books said, "Time is lost? Yu and Ru are dead", comparing Xia Jie to the hot and merciless sun, asking when the "sun" will die, he is willing to die with Xia Jie, it can be said that even the people of the Xia Dynasty at that time hated him to the bone, at this time Shang Tang "obeyed the will of Heaven, hanged the people and cut down the crime", and launched a just war to overthrow the Xia Dynasty.
However, what is less known is that Shang Tang's destruction of Xia was not only a just battle of "conforming to Providence and hanging the people for their sins", but also a war of revenge and restoration, and Shang Tang regained the lost Jiangshan for the ancestors. In other words, Dayu seized Jiangshan from the Shang clan, and Shang Tang took back Jiangshan from Xia Jie.
According to the Xia Benji, Dayu ruled Shuize by all the people and was virtuous, so Emperor Shun abandoned his son Shang Jun and chose Dayu as his successor. In this century, the inscription on the bronze sui gong cup of the early Zhou Dynasty found overseas is the earliest record of the legend of Dayu Zhishui, which has the words "Heavenly Destiny Yu Shi Soil, Follow the Mountains and Rivers, Descend the People's Supervision, Be Self-Matched with the Township (Enjoy) People, Become Parents" and other words, which means that Dayu Zhishui has immeasurable merit, thus becoming the king of the people and the "parents" of the people, but there is no mention of Emperor Shun in the Sui Gong Cup.
The question is, at that time, class and privatization had already emerged, why didn't Emperor Shun pass on the throne to Shang Jun, while Zen was located in Dayu? In the Book of the Five Emperors, it is said that "Fengdi Xiang is a prince." Shunzi Shangjun is also not Xiao, Shun Nai Yu Yu Yu Tian", many ministers suggested that Emperor Shun pass the throne to Shang Jun, but Emperor Shun only mentioned shang jun as "not Xiao", as to how to "not Xiao" the history book did not explain. Judging from the historical records, the noble character of the emperor jumped on the paper, but from the perspective of human nature and tribal interests, I am afraid that this is not the case. The so-called "people in the jianghu can't help themselves", Emperor Shun and Dayu have their own tribes behind them, and they all have different interests, even if Emperor Shun is willing to zen, are Emperor Shun's men willing? Once the Heavenly Son and the Courtiers, after Dayu came to power, many of Emperor Shun's subordinates were bound to be difficult to reuse as before. On the contrary, Dayu's subordinates would push him to become king, just like Zhao Kuangyin's Chen Qiao mutiny, and his subordinates would push Zhao Kuangyin to become emperor for greater benefits.
Therefore, the transfer of power between Emperor Shun and Dayu seems very pale and weak to explain in terms of zen concessions, perhaps just as the "Year of the Bamboo Secretary" recorded that Emperor Shun imprisoned Emperor Yao and his son Danzhu as cruel and ruthless, that is, "Xi Yao was weakened and imprisoned by Shun", and Dayu also did similar things to Both Emperor Shun and Shang.
That is to say, the Dayu clique "seized" Jiangshan from the Dishun clique, thus establishing the Xia Dynasty. As for Shang Jun, the son of Emperor Shun, it is said in the Five Emperors Benji that after Emperor Shun's death, Dayu gave way to Shang Jun, but the princes ignored Shang Jun, and all went to worship Dayu, and later Dayu complied with Providence and gave Shangjun a fief, that is, "Yao Zi Danzhu, Shunzi Shang Jun, all have territory to worship the ancestors." ”
So, what is the relationship between The Emperor and the Shang? What is less known is that in fact, Di Shun is the ancestor of the Shang clan, and he is originally the same person as Di Zhao and Di Jun.
To explain this problem, first look at a detail: the name "Shang Jun" is very special, and the surname is the same as the Shang dynasty shang
。
According to the origin of the "clan" of the pre-Qin nobility, the vast majority of them are derived from place names, Han, Zhao, Qi, Qin, etc. are first fiefdoms and then become surnames, and only a few such as Sima and Wang originate from official positions or identities.
The "Bamboo Book Chronicle" says that "in the twenty-ninth year of Emperor Shun, emperor's son Yijun was sealed in Shang, which is called Shangjun", indicating that Emperor Shun sealed his son in Shangdi, so the son's title became "Shangjun". From the perspective of shang land, shang jun should have some kind of connection with the later Shang dynasty, and this connection can be revealed through the identity of the emperor.
Di Shun was one of the Five Emperors, and few people associated him with the Shang Dynasty, but from the literature, Di Shun was the ancestor of the Shang clan.
The Book of Rites records: "The Yin people emperor and the suburbs meditated, zuqi and zongtang (shang tang). The "Chinese" records: "The merchant Emperor Shun and ZuQi, the suburbs and the Zong Tang." "Except that Shun and Zhao are different, Qi, Meditation, and Tang are all the same, and even the methods of sacrifice used are the same. Guo Pu of the Eastern Jin Dynasty believed that "Jun yi shun character, false borrowed sound also", that is, di jun is di shun. After the oracle bones were unearthed, only the identity of Emperor Jun recorded in the Classic of Mountains and Seas was also revealed to the world, and it turned out that he was the ancestor of the Shang clan and the father of the Shang Qi.
Based on the records of various documents, the scholar Wen Yiduo explained in the "Heavenly Questions And Evacuation Evidence" that "the emperor descended on Yiyi, and the emperor was evil Xiamin": "The emperor is the emperor Jun, the emperor is the emperor, and the emperor is also known as the emperor Shun, that is, the heavenly emperor of the Eastern Yi people." Later, Guo Moruo also thought that Di Shun was Emperor Zhao, that is, Di Jun. The modern scholar Zhang Kaiyan believes: "The legend of Emperor Shun in the classics was directly or indirectly converted from Emperor Jun. When the main story of Di Jun is converted into the legend of Di Shun", Di Jun becomes a "full-time" ancestor god, and Di Shun "full-time" the king of the world.
It can be seen from this that the power obtained by Dayu was actually originally owned by the Shang people, and as for how Dayu obtained power and whether the Merchants were commercial contracts, these questions have not yet been solved.
However, the Dishun clan was a huge tribe after all, and the skinny camel was bigger than the horse, which made the newborn Xia Dynasty always have a sense of crisis, so Dayu and the Xia Dynasty adopted methods such as dividing and disintegrating, relocating people and consolidating the land, etc., to consolidate the rule of the Xia Dynasty.
After Dayu succeeded to the throne, some of the Emperor Shun clan submitted to him, and Dayu sealed Shangdu to YuDi and inherited part of Yu Shun's territory, so Shangjun later became the lord of the State of Youyu in the Xia Dynasty. Conversely, some remnants of the former dynasty who disobeyed Dayu were probably executed or migrated farther away. At the same time, Dayu will be a royal family
In the search for the clan, the pouring clan
He migrated north to Diqiu, the capital of Emperor Shun, just as in the early Zhou Dynasty divided the Zhou people's clan relatives in the merchant territory to deter the former dynasty forces, so during the later taikang's loss of the country, Taikang's nephew and Zhongkang's son "Xia Houxiang" tried to hide
Han Huan's pursuit and pursuit fled to Diqiu, and the "Zuo Biography" said that "kill the pouring in order to cut down the search, and destroy the Xia Houxiang".
Regarding diqiu, the capital of emperor Shun, the "History of the Five Emperors Benji Ji Ji" quotes Emperor Fumian as saying that "Emperor Qiu of The Imperial Palace, present-day Puyang, Dong County" is also", and the "Filial Piety and Aid to God Contract" says that "Emperor Shun was born in Yao Ruins, that is, Dong County (Puyang)", so today Puyang in Henan is named "the capital of The Emperor Shun, the hometown of Emperor Shun". In 2005, archaeologists discovered the ruins of Gaocheng (Diqiu), which were extremely large, including the cultural layers of Various periods such as Yangshao, Longshan, Erlitou, and Yin Ruins, making these records in the history books more credible.
In short, under the administration of Dayu, the Dishun clan was greatly weakened, and the ancestral branch of the Shang Dynasty defected to Dayu or the Xia Dynasty, and the Shang Tang had been a vassal of the Xia Dynasty until the Shang Tang rebellion.
For example, during the period of the seventh emperor of the Xia Dynasty, "Xia Houzhu", the Yellow River once again erupted with heavy water.
In the "Year of the Bamboo Secretary" and the "Chinese", it is recorded that "in the thirteenth year of the emperor, the ShangHou died in the river", and the Shanghou died under the control of the water, and among them, the Xia courtier Shanghou Mu, Wang Guowei believed that he was the "Wang Ji" in the oracle bone, that is
We are familiar with the father of Wang Hai, one of the founders of the Shang Dynasty.
The so-called Heavenly Dao cycle, what Dayu did not expect was that a descendant of Emperor Shun devoted himself to business, and his strength became stronger and stronger, and after 400 years, he overthrew the Xia Dynasty in one fell swoop and successfully "restored the country". After the "restoration" of Shang Tang, a bloody storm was set off, so that the records of the whereabouts of the Xia people in later generations were extremely rare.
References: "History", "Chinese", etc