At the age of twenty-five, Li Bai left the Shu Kingdom with a sword, was poor in the south, waded into the Ming Sea in the east, and finally "entered the Qin Sea in the west and looked at the national style." This should be considered his first roaming. When he entered Chang'an as an official at the age of forty-two, he was deeply disappointed to see that the "national style" was not what he imagined, and at the age of forty-four, he wrote to resign, left Chang'an, returned to his hometown of Donglu, and began his second wandering that lasted 11 years. If Li Bai's first wandering was full of ambition and a vision for the future, then his second roaming, due to the disillusionment of the ideal of serving the country, was full of frustration and bitterness. He once said in the "Song of Huaixian": "A crane flew east across the sea, rest assured that it is scattered and know where it is?" It shows that he was also hesitant about the future at that time, and did not know where his heart belonged?
01 Send love to the landscape, the heart dissolves nature
Li Bai loves to travel to famous mountains and rivers, and often lingers among the mountains and rivers. He once shiyun: "Beloved famous mountain tour, with the famous mountain far away." When he left Chang'an with frustration and bitterness, roaming and relaxing his heart and sending affection to the landscape was one of the ways he self-defused.
However, no matter whether it is good times or bad times, in addition to seeking spiritual sustenance in the mountains and rivers, Li Bai will integrate his body and mind into nature and enjoy the beauty of nature to the fullest. When he roamed the Lujiang River, he said in the poem "Looking at the Anhui Gongshan On the River": "But the Aiz Ridge is high, why is it strange." Silently agreeing, wanting to go to the heart. After roaming Jinling, he went up mount Song and mounted Lushan, and became a regular visitor to the Panhuan Mountains. He said in "Suddenly There Is a Nostalgia in the Mountains of the Sun and Sunset": "Lying in the clouds of qingshan for a long time, he became a guest of Qingshan." The mountain clouds are better, and the appreciation is all day long. The peak between the moon towers, the spring gargle steps under the stone. Su Xin has been around since then, and it is really interesting and not a pity. ”
For Li Bai, the landscape is like a friend, he is willing to send love to each other, to talk to each other with his heart. He said in "Qingxi Xing": "Qingxi clears my heart, and the color of the water is different from the water." Borrowing from Xin'anjiang, why is this the case at the bottom? And when he visited Jingting Mountain, he regarded Jingting Mountain as a confidant, and he became one with it in his thinking, entering a clear and pure mental state without desire and without desire and care. He wrote in "Sitting Alone on the Pavilion Mountain": "The birds fly high, and the lonely clouds go alone." Looking at each other is not tired, only Jingting Mountain. ”
Taoists advocate nature and return to nature. Li Bai, who advocates Taoism, is obviously not simply a sightseeing tour, but hopes to be one with nature in order to achieve the unity of heaven and man. In this way, he travels away from home almost every year, enjoying endless wandering in the mountains and rivers, which may be another way of self-cultivation.
02 Indulge in the world, love red dust
During li bai's second roaming, in addition to being obsessed with landscapes and eager to return to nature, he also loved red dust, heavy love and righteousness, and even indulged in eroticism and libertine skeletons.
Heavy friendship, sincere affection for friends, often lyrical poetry
After leaving Chang'an, Li Bai met Du Fu in Luoyang, often exchanged letters, and formed a deep friendship. He said in "Lu County's East Stone Gate To Du Erfu": "Fei Peng is far away from each other, and he is holding a cup in his hand." In the "Sending Du Fu Under the Dune City", it is written: "Sijun Ruowen Shui, the mighty send the southern expedition." ”
In 747, Li Bai heard bad news from his friends one after another during his wanderings, first He Zhizhang died, then Li Yong and Pei Dunfu were killed by the staff, and Li Shizhi, one of the "Eight Immortals in Wine", was also forced to commit suicide. When he went to mourn He Zhizhang, he left a poem "Two Poems of He HeJian on Wine", expressing his deep nostalgia, in which he said: "The golden turtle changed the wine, but remembered the tears." Deeply saddened by the unfortunate deaths of Li Yong, Pei Dunfu, and Li Shizhi, he wrote poems exposing the social reality of courtiers being in charge and slandering and persecuting the virtuous. He said in "Answering the King's Twelve Cold Nights alone and having a heart": "The gold is scattered and cannot be handed over, and the white head is lightened for Confucianism." A talk and a laugh lost color, and the fly shell brocade was noisy. Was Zeng a murderer? Rumor Three and Motherhood shock. Shake the hand of the king with the heart of the king, and what is the honor and disgrace in Yu? Kong Shengyu smelled the wounded phoenix scales, and Dong Long was even more of a chicken and dog? Finally, he expressed his deep mourning for his friends in the poem: "If you don't see Li Beihai, where is the heroism and arrogance now?" Jun did not see Pei Shangshu, the earthen tomb three feet artemisia thorn dwelling! ”
For ordinary friends with no name, Li Bai is also sincere. In 754, he roamed from Qiupu to Jing County, met an ordinary villager named Wang Lun, and the two also formed a deep friendship. Therefore, when he was separated from Wang Lun, he wrote the popular poem "Gift to Wang Lun": "Li Bai will want to go on a boat, and overhear the song on the shore." The peach blossom pond is thousands of feet deep, and it is not as deep as Wang Lun sent me affection. ”
Heavy family affection, children are his eternal concern
Li Bai had a son named Bo Bird and a daughter named Pingyang. After he resigned from the government, he returned to Donglu to live, but he often wandered away from home, which can be described as "returning without industry, and things like floating". Often "floating" outside, he misses his children very much. Once, he asked a friend named Xiao Thirty-One to return to Luzhong to visit his son, and he said in "Sending Xiao Thirty-One to Lu and Asking the Childish Bird": "My family is sent to the sand dunes, and I will not return to empty my intestines for three years." Junxing, who knows the birds, should ride a cart and ride an aries. When roaming Jinling, he missed his children very much, and said in the poem "Sending Donglu Erzhizi": "The feminine character Pingyang, folding flowers lean on the peach edge." The folded flowers did not see me, and the tears flowed like a fountain. The child's name is a bird, and he is shoulder to shoulder with his sister. Under the double-row peach tree, who caresses the back? Thinking of this missing order, the liver and intestines are worried and fried. Split element writes far-reaching meaning, so wenyang river. It seems that Li Bai is also like all parents in the world, no matter where he is, his children will always be worried in his heart.
Heavy wine, good wine, good color
Li Bai mixed with red dust, his temperament was free, he went his own way, and did not care about the world's vision. He is a good wine, "the taste of the poor Dukan", and there is no wine and no joy every day. He was very vocal, "so good that his ears and eyes wanted to be very good", so he loved to watch prostitutes, and even traveled with prostitutes. He, Du Fu and Gao Shi went to Songzhou, and after visiting Liang Garden, they went to Shan Father to watch hunting and prostitutes. He said in "Autumn Hunting Meng Zhu Ye Gui Jiu Shan Father Dong Lou Guan Prostitute": "Dancing two beauties, fluttering like a cloud immortal." Liu Huan is tireless, and the dawn is swirling. Then they took the prostitutes with them to visit the Mengjia Taoyuan in Xiashan Mountain. During the banquet, Li Bai wrote a poem "Carrying a prostitute to the Mengshi Peach Garden of Wang Qixia Mountain", in which Xie An, who traveled with a prostitute, hung the ancient wounds and the present, and borrowed wine to pour sorrow. In the poem, he sighed: "The green grass has been full of ground, and the willow and the plum are fighting for spring." Xie Gong had his own Dongshan prostitute, and Jin Ping smiled and sat like a flower person. Today is not yesterday, tomorrow is coming again. White hair to green wine, strong song heart has been destroyed. Jun did not see Liang Wang Chi last month, and used to be in the Liang Wang's wine. The King of Liang had gone to the bright moon, and huang li was drunk and crying in the spring wind. Clearly grateful for what is happening in front of him, he is not sorry to lie drunk in Taoyuan East. ”
In 752, Li Bai traveled north to Saiyuan, crossed the Yellow River, and then went to Handan to watch prostitutes. He wrote in the poem "Handan Nanting Guan Prostitute": "Singing drums Yan Zhao Er, Wei Shu made ming silk. Pink sun color, dancing sleeves whisk flowers. Put the wine Gu Beauty, please sing Handan words. The qing kite is swirling, and the degree of curved green clouds hangs down. Plains Junan in? Kodou sheng ancient pond. There are three thousand people, who do you know today? My generation does not rejoice, but Grieves for future generations. ”
Li Bai is involved in love, loves red dust, and every joy and sorrow may be a test and temper. Perhaps only by experiencing the red dust refining heart can we really see through the red dust.
03 Love the Immortal Path, the heart is extraordinary
Li Bai had a special love for Xian Dao, and when he was living in seclusion in Anlu, he once said: "Yun lie down for thirty years, and love xian for leisure." After his career was frustrated, he wanted to get away from the dirty world and pursue his immortal ideals. Therefore, his second wandering after he resigned and left Chang'an was actually his journey to seek immortals.
Worship gao ren as a teacher and officially become a Taoist priest
In 744, after Li Bai, Du Fu, and Gao Shiyou were separated from SongZhong, he went to the Ziji Palace in Qizhou, Shandong Province, and asked the Taoist priest Gao Rugui to teach him the Taoist gong, becoming a true Taoist monk. He held himself as a teacher and learned from him. He said in the poem "Visiting the Dao'an Tomb and Meeting Gai Huan to Leave a Gift for the Creation of the True Basket": "Learn the Way of the Beihai Immortals, and pass on the book ruizhu palace." Dantian yuque, daydreaming clouds. For me to grass real hoops, heavenly people are ashamed of the work. After Gao Rugui preached for Li Bai, he returned to Beihai Immortal. In order to thank the venerable master, Li Bai wrote a poem "Feng Rao High-respected Master Such as Gui Daoist Preaching the Tao And Returning to beihai": "The Dao yin is invisible, and the spiritual books are hidden in the cave heavens." Forty thousand disasters have been passed down from generation to generation. Don't leave green bamboo with your staff, and sing and stomp on the purple smoke. Centrifugal no distance, long in Yujing hanging. From the perspective of the poem, Gao Rugui should be a high-ranking person in the Daomen, and the origin is by no means ordinary. Li Bai, who had attained the True Transmission of the High People, has since strengthened his path of cultivating and seeking immortality.
Sleepwalking, dreams? fairyland?
In 746, Li Bai, who was devoted to the Tao, had the idea of traveling south. Before leaving, he wrote a majestic and unpredictable poem of Youxian ( Youxian ) , known as "Sleepwalking in Heaven and Staying Behind" that was widely recited by the world.
This poem, on the surface, seems to be written in a dream, but it is not written in the human world. As the poem reads: "The bear roars the dragon yin rock spring, and the chestnut deep forest is terrified of the top." The clouds are green and rainy, and the water is full of smoke. The column is missing thunderbolts, and the hills are crumbling. The cave is full of stones, and it opens up. The green sky is vast and bottomless, and the sun and moon shine on the gold and silver platform. Neon is dressed for the wind for the horse, and the king of the clouds has come down. The tiger drum is like a bird returning to the car, and the immortals are lined up like hemp. ”
Li Bai began to learn and cultivate the Tao from a young age, and after receiving the Teachings of the Dao Gong and attaining the True Transmission of the Noble People, his practice became more refined. It is said that people who have achieved success in their practice can sometimes see things in their concentration. Could it be that the wonders depicted in Li Bai's poems could be the wonderland he saw in his mind, which he used in his dreams to avoid shocking the world?
Of course, whether it is seen in a dream or seen in a fixed state, such a wonderful wonderland, no matter who suddenly sees it, will feel shocked. Li Bai is the same. He said in the poem: "Suddenly the soul palpitates with excitement, and the trance rises and grows." After the "dream" woke up, he suddenly became enlightened, deeply aware of the impermanence of the world, the passage of time, and should pay close attention to visiting the Tao to practice, why should he stay in the red dust and suffer from fame and fortune in the world? At the end of the poem, he sighed: "The same is true of the pleasures of the world, and everything in ancient times flows in the east." When the king goes, and put the white deer between the green cliffs, he must ride to visit the famous mountain. Ann can crush the brow and bend the waist of the magnate, so that I can't be happy. ”
Make friends with a wide range of Daoist friends and talk about Buddhism and the Tao
Li Bai cultivated and also studied Buddhism. He once said in the poem "Gifting monks and cliffs": "Once upon a time in Langlingdong, I learned Zen and Baimeikong. "His Daoist friends are male Taoists, female Taoists, and monks.
In 747, while roaming in Jinling, he exchanged views with the Wujiang female Daoist monk Zen Sanqing and the monk Zhongfu of the Gaozuo Temple. Although Zhongfu was his nephew, it did not prevent them from talking about Buddhism together. He said in a poem "Dengmeigang Wangjin Lingjin Nephew Gaozuo Monastery Monk Zhongfu": "Talk about the sutra and perform the golden syllable, and descend the crane dance sea snow." When the smell of heaven comes, it is absolutely with the world. ”
In the early days of The Shu Dynasty, Li Bai had the closest contact with a Taoist monk named Yuan Danqiu. During his second roaming, he also had the most contact with Yuan Danqiu. He said, "I will be The Master of the Yuan Dynasty, and my surname is Tianlun." It can be seen that the two have a brotherly friendship. When he was roaming in Jinling, Yuan Danqiu wrote to invite him to go to Mount Song to live in seclusion with him. He wrote a poem to thank him, and said in the "Reply to Yuan Danqiu with a Book of Poetry": "Opening a smile is a legend of the deceased." The old man was deeply impressed, and remembered my hard work. Later, he went to look for Yuan Danqiu and talked about Xuan Wu Dao with you fangcheng temple. He said in the poem "Talking with Yuan Danqiu Fangcheng Temple about Xuanzuo": "In the vast dreams, only I am aware of it." Take off the wind and fire, fake cooperative appearance. Eliminate the confusion and appreciate the essence. Contemplating this body, he was able to see the light of silence. Before and after the enlightenment, I knew the golden immortals. ”
In 753, Li Bai went south to Xuancheng and went to Lingyuan Temple to meet the senior monk Zhongli and talk about Buddhism and Zen together. He said in the poem "Giving Xuanzhou Lingyuan Temple Zhongmao Gong": "Look at the heart with the water moon, and unravel the pearl." Today, every time there is a strategy, talk about whether there is or not. It seems that Li Bai's extensive friendship with Daoist friends, exchanging experiences with Daoist friends, and talking about xuan and zen are helpful to his cultivation.
Sit still and contemplate the void and realize the wonders of the Zen realm
Li Bai once made an inscription for Hu Ziyang, the master of Yuan Danqiu, saying: "Because of the encounter with the real people, they were subjected to the Chidanyang Jingshijing Jellyfish; therefore, they often sucked the flying roots, swallowed the soul of the sun, and cultivated it secretly." Li Bai devoted himself to the Tao, and when he was a teenager, he began to search for immortals and visit the Tao, and his tantric cultivation was not embellished, and after his career was frustrated, his cultivation was even more refined.
In the autumn of 750, he went to Xunyang to look for Yuan Danqiu without encountering him, so he stayed in the Ziji Palace and entered the meditation realm during the night retreat. He said in the poem "Xunyang Ziji Palace Feeling Autumn Works": "The audience is wonderful, and the audience is wonderful, magnificent and charming. Later, he went to climb Mount Lu and meditated at Donglin Temple at night, and he deeply realized the wonder of entering the Zen realm. He wrote in "Lushan Donglin Temple Night Nostalgia" -
I searched for Qing Lianyu and went to Xie Chengque alone.
Frost Qing Dong Lin Bell, Water White Tiger Creek Moon.
Tianxiang is born of emptiness, and tianle does not stop.
The feast sat still, and the feast was silent.
Zhan Ran was sincere, and the devastation was broken.
The Buddhists believe that "one life is one disaster." Li Bai sat quietly and contemplated the void, and after entering the wonderful Zen realm, he had an epiphany: Only when a person cultivates until he is still and returns to his true self can he get rid of the suffering of the reincarnation of "robbery".
Li Bai's second wandering after experiencing setbacks in his career should be complex and contradictory. He could not let go of the ideal of serving the country, nor did he want to bow his eyebrows and ask the powerful to take the initiative to resign and leave; he was attached to the red dust, cherished the righteousness, and had a supernatural desire, and cultivated for immortality. He probably also agonized over the attachment he could not let go of, so he often poured sorrow through wine and did not want to be sober. He said in "Will Enter the Wine": "The bells and drums are not expensive enough, but I hope that I will be drunk and not awake." The ancient sages were all lonely, but the drinker kept his name. And in the "Xuanzhou Xie Shuo Lou BeiBei School Book Shu Yun" wrote——
Those who have forsaken me shall not remain on the day of yesterday;
Those who mess with my heart are troubled today.
The long wind sends autumn geese, and you can build a tall building for this.
Penglai article Jian'an bone, in the middle of the small Xie and clear hair.
Ju Huaiyi is excited and wants to fly, and wants to go up to the blue sky and see the bright moon.
The water flowing more when the knife is cut off, and the toast is more sorrowful.
Life is not satisfactory in the world, and the Ming Dynasty distributes flat boats.
These poems, both drunken madness and deep reflection on life, make people wonder, is he really drunk, or is he crazy with wine and uses poetry to point out the world who is suffering from the reincarnation of "robbery"?
Li Bai seeing Du Fu, just like Confucius seeing Lao Tzu, is a fortunate event and a great event in history
Li Bai befriended Chang'an, and the fate was like a dream: he did not want to be Tang Xuanzong's favorite, despised the magnates and let Gao Lishi take off his boots, and superficially praised Yang Guifei and actually secretly said that she was "red face and disaster water"
The origin of the "immortals" of the poetry immortal Li Bai: who immortals, Fuxi, Jin Su Rulai?